Schlagwort(e):
Fullerenes.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
Until recently, the element carbon was believed to exhibit only two main allotropic forms, diamond and graphite. Research in the US and Europe has now confirmed the existence of a third previously unknown form - buckminsterfullerene (C60) and its relatives, the fullerenes (C24, C28, C32, C70 etc). The story of fullerene chemistry, physics and materials science began in 1985, almost twenty years after the existence of a spherical carbon cluster was first considered. In September 1985 a joint Sussex/Rice Universities team including Kroto, Heath, O'Brien, Curl and Smalley used a powerful mass spectrometric technique to identify the C+60 species, and proposed a spherical structure and the name buckminsterfullerene. It was not, however, until Krätschmer and Huffman reported the isolation of crystals of C60 in 1990 that the closed cage structure of C60 could be confirmed. The Fullerenes documents the work leading up to 1990 and more recent developments in the field of fullerene research and will serve as an indispensible reference tool for all workers in this area.
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (327 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080984728
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1130086
DDC:
546.681
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Front Cover -- The Fullerenes -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Part One: The Fullerenes -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 1. FULLERITES: NEW FORMS OF CRYSTALLINE CARBON -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OUR FIRST EXPERIMENTS -- 3. INTERMISSION -- 4 . SUCCESS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. PRE-1990 EVIDENCE FOR THE FULLERENE PROPOSAL -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2 . LASER VAPORIZATION CLUSTER SUPERSONIC BEAM MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 3. DISCOVERY OF C60 AND THE FULLERENES -- 4. ENDOHEDRAL METAL COMPLEXES -- 5. PHOTOFRAGMENTATION -- 6. "SHRINK-WRAPPING" METAL CONTAINING C60 -- 7. PRE-1990 MASS SPECTROMETRY AND RECENT ADVANCES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. MOLECULAR BEAM STUDIES OF FULLERENES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STABILITY OF THE FULLERENES: METASTABLE FRAGMENTATION OF "HOT" BEAMS -- 3. LASER DESORPTION AND AGGREGATION -- 4. PHOTOPHYSICS -- 5. COLLISIONS IN THE GAS PHASE -- 6. COLLISIONS WITH SURFACES -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. FULLERENES AND GIANT FULLERENES: SYNTHESIS, SEPARATION, AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RESULTS -- 3. DISCUSSION -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. FULLERENES SYNTHESIS IN COMBUSTION -- 1. BACKGROUND -- 2. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES -- 3. IDENTIFICATION OF FLAME DERIVED FULLERENES -- 4. FULLERENE YIELDS UNDER DIFFERENT FLAME CONDITIONS -- 5. CONTRASTS WITH GRAPHITE VAPORIZATION -- 6. FULLERENES FORMATION VIS-A-VIS SOOT FORMATION -- 7. MECHANISMS OF FULLERENES FORMATION IN FLAMES -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. CHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF C60 AND C70 FULLERENES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. REDUCTION STUDIES -- 3. OXIDATION OF C60 -- 4. ALKYLATION AND RELATED REACTIONS OF FULLERENE, C60 -- 5. REACTIONS WITH NEUTRAL BASES -- 6. CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF C60 -- 7. EPOXIDATION AND OXYGENATION -- 8. HALOGENATION.
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9. FRIEDEL-CRAFTS FULLERYLATION OF AROMATICS -- 10. METHOXY AND HYDROXYFULLERENES -- 11. FULLERENATION OF AROMATICS -- 12. REACTION WITH FREE RADICALS -- 13. METALLIC COMPLEXES OF C60 -- 14. OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. SOME WELL CHARACTERIZED CHEMICAL REACTIVITIES OF BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE (C60) -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METALATION -- 3. HALOGENATION -- 4 . VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY -- 5. ESR STUDIES OF ALKYL RADICAL ADDITION* -- 6. THEORETICAL STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC, AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS CARBONS AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE FULLERENES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF AMORPHOUS CARBONS -- 3. STRUCTURE OF AMORPHOUS CARBONS IN RELATION TO FULLERENES -- 4. PARAMAGNETISM IN CARBONS -- 5. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. ISOMERISATIONS OF THE FULLERENES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE STONE-WALES TRANSFORMATION -- 3. SYMMETRY ASPECTS -- 4. CHIRALITY AND THE STONE-WALES TRANSFORMATION -- 5. STONE-WALES TRANSFORMATIONS AND LEAPFROGS -- 6. GENERATION OF ISOMERISATION MAPS -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. THE GEOMETRY OF HYPOTHETICAL CURVED GRAPHITE STRUCTURES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PLANE SHEETS -- 3. TESSELLATIONS -- 4 . REGULAR AND SEMI-REGULAR POLYHEDRA -- 5. EULER'S LAW -- 6. INFINITE POLYHEDRA -- 7. DELTAHEDRA -- 8. ICOSAHEDRAL TESSELLATIONS -- 9. CURVATURE -- 10. FULLERENES -- 11. CYLINDRICAL LATTICES -- 12. PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACES -- 13. GRAPHITE STRUCTURES WITH NEGATIVE GAUSSIAN CURVATURE -- 14. THE HYPERBOLIC PLANE-H2 -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. SUPERCONDUCTING AND NORMAL STATE PROPERTIES OF THE A3C60 COMPOUNDS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE A3C60 MATERIALS -- 3. HOW TO CHANGE Tc? DEPENDENCE ON LATTICE CONSTANT AND ALKALI-ION IDENTITY -- 4. SUPERCONDUCTING STATE PARAMETERS.
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5. NORMAL-STATE PROPERTIES OF A3C60 SUPERCONDUCTORS -- 6. DISCUSSION: AN EARLY COMPARISON WITH THEORY -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. FULLERENES AND FULLERIDES IN THE SOLID STATE: NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 3. STRUCTURE OF PRISTINE C60 -- 4. INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY -- 5. POSTSCRIPT -- REFERENCES -- Part Two: Physics and Chemistry of Fullerene-Based Solids -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 13. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI METAL FULLERIDES: AxC60 -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- STRUCTURES -- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AxC60 -- ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS AND ORDERING TRANSITION OF SOLID C60 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYMMETRY AND DIFFRACTION -- 3. ROOM TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES -- 4. DIFFRACTION AND THERMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE ORDERING TRANSITION -- 5. EFFECT OF IMPURITIES AND DISORDER AT LOW TEMPERATURE -- 6. OTHER MEASUREMENTS OF THE ORDERING TRANSITION -- 7. THEORETICAL APPROACHES -- 8. OTHER FULLERENES -- 9. FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF C60 AND ITS COMPOUNDS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE TECHNIQUE -- 3. STRUCTURE STUDIES -- 4. ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS -- 5. INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL MODES -- 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. STRUCTURES OF C60 INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION BY POWDER DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES -- 3. SOLID C60 -- 4. ALKALI METAL-DOPED PHASES -- 5. ALKALINE-EARTH METAL-DOPED PHASES -- 6. IODINE-DOPED C60 -- 7. TDAE-C60 -- 8. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. OPTICAL PHONON MODES IN SOLID AND DOPED C60 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS -- 3. GROUP THEORY -- 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.
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CHAPTER 18. ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY OF C60 FULLERITE FILMS -- 1. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY -- 2. EELS OF FULLERITE FILMS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19. HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY OF EPITAXIAL FILMS OF C60 GROWN ON GaSe -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF C60 , C70 AND THE FULLERIDES: PHOTOEMISSION AND INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION STUDIES -- 1. OVERVIEW -- 2. C60, C70 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE -- 3. ALKALI FULLERIDES -- 4. ALKALINE EARTH FULLERIDES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE C60 AND ORGANIC FERROMAGNETISM -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- ORGANIC FERROMAGNETS -- THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC ION-DOPED FULLERENE C60 -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF C60 FULLERIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TOTAL-ENERGY ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATION -- 3. COHESION AND ENERGY BANDS OF C60 -- 4. COHESION, ENERGY BANDS AND FERMI SURFACE OF KxC60 -- 5. LINEAR DEPENDENCE BETWEEN Tc AND FERMI-LEVEL DENSITY-OF-STATES IN ALKALI-DOPED C60 FULLERIDES -- 6. HALOGEN ATOM DOPING IN C60 FULLERIDES -- 7. CARBON MICRO-TUBULES -- 8. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ALKALI INTERCALATED C60 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ELECTRONIC STATES IN Α3C60 -- 3. VIBRATIONAL STATES IN Α3C60 -- 4. ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING IN A3C60 -- 5. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX.
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