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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast Atlantic (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 437 (2005), S. 728-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Diatoms are unicellular or chain-forming phytoplankton that use silicon (Si) in cell wall construction. Their survival during periods of apparent nutrient exhaustion enhances carbon sequestration in frontal regions of the northern North Atlantic. These regions may therefore have a more ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03948
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Abundance of pteropods Population of Limacina helicina antarctica in the Scotia Sea collected from 1996 to 2010 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Abundance per volume; BAS_01; BAS_02; BAS_03; BAS_04; BAS_05; BAS_06; BAS_07; BAS_08; BAS_09; BAS_10; BAS_11; BAS_12; BAS_13; BAS_14; BAS_15; BAS_16; BAS_17; BAS_18; BAS_19; BAS_20; BAS_21; BAS_22; BAS_23; BAS_24; BAS_25; BAS_26; BAS_27; BAS_28; BAS_29; BAS_30; BAS_31; BAS_32; BAS_33; BAS_34; BAS_35; BAS_36; BAS_37; BAS_38; BAS_39; BAS_40; BAS_41; BAS_42; BAS_43; BAS_44; BAS_45; BAS_46; BAS_47; BAS_48; BAS_49; BAS_50; British Antarctic Survey; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Event label; JR1160360; JR1770073; JR1770082; JR1770098; JR1770141; JR1770171; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Net; NET; Scotia Sea; Taxon/taxa; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 336 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Gene expression and physiological changes of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under different hypoxia intensities (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Tremblay, Nelly; Cascella, Kévin; Toullec, Jean-Yves; Held, Christoph; Fielding, Sophie; Tarling, Geraint A; Abele, Doris (submitted): Gene expression and physiological changes of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under different hypoxia intensities.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-16
    Description: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from South Georgia comprise one of the most northern and abundant krill stocks. South Georgia waters are undergoing rapid warming, as a result of climate change, which in turn could alter the oxygen concentration of the water. We investigated gene expression in Antarctic krill related to aerobic metabolism, antioxidant defence, and heat-shock response under severe (2.5% O2 saturation or 0.6 kPa) and threshold (20% O2 saturation or 4 kPa) hypoxia exposure compared to in situ levels (normoxic; 100% O2 saturation or 21 kPa). Biochemical metabolic and oxidative stress indicators complemented the genic expression analysis to detect in vivo signs of stress during the hypoxia treatments. Expression levels of the genes citrate synthase (CS), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SODMn-m) and one heat-shock protein isoform (E) were higher in euphausiids incubated 6 h at 20% O2 saturation than in animals exposed to control (normoxic) conditions. All biochemical antioxidant defence parameters remained unchanged among treatments. Levels of lipid peroxidation were raised after 6 h of severe hypoxia. Overall, short-term exposure to hypoxia altered mitochondrial metabolic and antioxidant capacity, but did not induce anaerobic metabolism. Antarctic krill are swarming organisms and may experience short periods of hypoxia when present in dense swarms. A future, warmer Southern ocean, where oxygen saturation levels are decreased, may result in smaller, less dense swarms as they act to avoid greater levels of hypoxia.
    Keywords: Rectangular midwater trawl 4500 µm; RMT8; South_Georgia_RMT; South Georgia Island
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Gene expression of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under different hypoxia intensities (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-16
    Keywords: Citrate synthase mean normalized expression gene expression; Heat-shock protein 70 isoform A gene expression; Heat-shock protein 70 isoform C gene expression; Heat-shock protein 70 isoform D gene expression; Heat-shock protein 70 isoform E gene expression; Rectangular midwater trawl 4500 µm; RMT8; South_Georgia_RMT; South Georgia Island; Superoxide dismutase manganese (cytosolic) gene expression; Superoxide dismutase manganese (mitochondrial) gene expression; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 217 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    (Figure 1) Lactate concentration in in situ organisms (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-16
    Keywords: DEPTH, water; Haemolymph, lactate; Rectangular midwater trawl 4500 µm; RMT8; South_Georgia_RMT; South Georgia Island
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 51 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    (Table 1) Krill (Euphausia superba) biomass estimates at South Georgia Island from 2001-2005 (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Reid, Keith; Watkins, Jon L; Murphy, Eugene J; Trathan, Phil N; Fielding, Sophie; Enderlein, Peter (2010): Krill population dynamics at South Georgia: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 399, 243-252, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08356
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: The South Georgia region supports a large biomass of krill that is subject to high interannual variability. The apparent lack of a locally self-maintaining krill population at South Georgia means that understanding the mechanism underlying these observed population characteristics is essential to successful ecosystem-based management of krill fishery in the region. Krill acoustic-density data from surveys conducted in the early, middle and late period of the summers of 2001 to 2005, together with krill population size structure over the same period from predator diet data, were used with a krill population dynamics model to evaluate potential mechanisms behind the observed changes in krill biomass. Krill abundance was highest during the middle of the summer in 3 years and in the late period in 2 years; in the latter there was evidence that krill recruitment was delayed by several months. A model scenario that included empirically derived estimates of both the magnitude and timing of recruitment in each year showed the greatest correlation with the acoustic series. The results are consistent with a krill population with allochthonous recruitment entering a retained adult population; i.e. oceanic transport of adult krill does not appear to be the major factor determining the dynamics of the adult population. The results highlight the importance of the timing of recruitment, especially where this could introduce a mismatch between the peak of krill abundance and the peak demand from predators, which may exacerbate the effects of changes in krill populations arising from commercial harvesting and/or climate change.
    Keywords: Coefficient; DATE/TIME; ECHO; Echosounder; Euphausia superba, biomass; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; South_Georgia_NW; South Georgia Island; Time coverage
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 48 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Biochemical processing of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba under different hypoxia intensities (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Keywords: Carbonyls, per protein mass; Catalase activity, unit per protein mass; Citrate synthase activity, unit per protein mass; Glutathione equivalents, per wet mass; Glutathione oxidized/Glutathione reduced, ratio; Glutathione peroxidase activity, unit per protein mass; Glutathione S-transferase activity, unit per protein mass; Lactate, per wet mass; Malondialdehyde, per wet mass; Rectangular midwater trawl 4500 µm; RMT8; South_Georgia_RMT; South Georgia Island; Succinate, per wet mass; Superoxide dismutase manganese activity, unit per protein mass; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 917 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica shell dissolution during experiments, 2012 (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bednaršek, Nina; Tarling, Geraint A; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Fielding, Sophie; Cohen, Anne L; Kuzirian, Alan; McCorkle, Daniel C; Lézé, Bertrand; Montagna, Roberto (2012): Description and quantification of pteropod shell dissolution: A sensitive bioindicator of ocean acidification. Global Change Biology, 18(7), 2378-2388, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02668.x
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Anthropogenic ocean acidification is likely to have negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, such as shelled pteropods, by promoting dissolution of aragonite shells. Study of shell dissolution requires an accurate and sensitive method for assessing shell damage. Shell dissolution was induced through incubations in CO2 enriched seawater for between 4 and 14 days. We describe a procedure that allows the level of dissolution to be assessed and classified into three main types: Type I with partial dissolution of the prismatic layer; Type II with exposure of underlying crossed-lamellar layer, and Type III, where crossed-lamellar layer shows signs of dissolution. Levels of dissolution showed a good correspondence to the incubation conditions, with the most severe damage found in specimens held for 14 d in undersaturated condition (Ohm ~ 0.8). This methodology enables the response of small pelagic calcifiers to acidified conditions to be detected at an early stage, thus making pteropods a valuable bioindicator of future ocean acidification.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Antarctic; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Coulometric titration; Dissolution rate; Dissolution rate, standard deviation; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Individuals, non-dissolving; Individuals, non-dissolving, standard-deviation; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina antarctica; Mollusca; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Polar; Salinity; Scanning electron microscope (SEM); Silicate; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Time, incubation; Titration potentiometric; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 188 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and proportion of different dissolution levels in live juvenile Limacina helicina antarctica from the natural environment and ship-board incubations (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bednaršek, Nina; Tarling, Geraint A; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Fielding, Sophie; Jones, Elizabeth M; Venables, H J; Ward, Peter; Kuzirian, Alan; Lézé, Bertrand; Feely, Richard A; Murphy, Eugene J (2012): Extensive dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean. Nature Geoscience, 5(12), 881-885, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1635
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The carbonate chemistry of the surface ocean is rapidly changing with ocean acidification, a result of human activities. In the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, aragonite-a metastable form of calcium carbonate with rapid dissolution kinetics-may become undersaturated by 2050. Aragonite undersaturation is likely to affect aragonite-shelled organisms, which can dominate surface water communities in polar regions. Here we present analyses of specimens of the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica that were extracted live from the Southern Ocean early in 2008. We sampled from the top 200 m of the water column, where aragonite saturation levels were around 1, as upwelled deep water is mixed with surface water containing anthropogenic CO2. Comparing the shell structure with samples from aragonite-supersaturated regions elsewhere under a scanning electron microscope, we found severe levels of shell dissolution in the undersaturated region alone. According to laboratory incubations of intact samples with a range of aragonite saturation levels, eight days of incubation in aragonite saturation levels of 0.94-1.12 produces equivalent levels of dissolution. As deep-water upwelling and CO2 absorption by surface waters is likely to increase as a result of human activities, we conclude that upper ocean regions where aragonite-shelled organisms are affected by dissolution are likely to expand.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Antarctic; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coulometric titration; Dissolution level; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Incubation duration; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Mollusca; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; Phosphate; Polar; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Scotia_OA; Silicate; Single species; Species; Station label; Temperature, water; Time point, descriptive; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 904 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Acoustic backscatter data from two visits to site P3 (P3A and P3B) during COMICS cruise DY086 in November to December, 2017 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Acoustic backscatter data were collected at five frequencies (18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 kHz) across two visits to site P3 (P3A, P3B), South Georgia, aboard the RRS Discovery during DY086. Acoustic backscatter was measured with a Simrad EK60. The data consistently shows no evidence of synchronised diel vertical migration (Cook et al. 2023).
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; biological carbon pump; COMICS; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; Date/Time of event; Date/Time of event 2; DEPTH, water; Discovery (2013); DY086; DY086_EK60_P3A; DY086_EK60_P3B; Echo backscatter; Echosounder, Simrad, EK60; Event label; fluxes; Frequency; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; marine biogeochemistry; Site; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Time of day
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5760 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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