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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5- and 10-year survival of combined tooth–implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and the incidence of biological and technical complications.Methods: An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FPDs with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year survival proportions.Results: From a total of 3844 titles and 560 abstracts, 176 articles were selected for full-text analysis, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated an estimated survival of implants in combined tooth–implant-supported FPDs of 90.1% (95 percent confidence interval (95% CI): 82.4–94.5%) after 5 and 82.1% (95% CI: 55.8–93.6%) after 10 years. The survival rate of FPDs was 94.1% (95% CI: 90.2–96.5%) after 5 and 77.8% (95% CI: 66.4–85.7%) after 10 years of function. There was no significant difference in survival of tooth and implant abutments in combined tooth–implant FPDs. After an observation period of 5 years, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5–7.2%) of the abutment teeth and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.2–5.3%) of the functionally loaded implants were lost. After 10 years, the corresponding proportions were 10.6% (95% CI: 3.5–23.1%) for the abutment teeth and 15.6% (95% CI: 6.5–29.5%) for the implants. After a 5 year observation period, intrusion was detected in 5.2% (95% CI: 2–13.3%) of the abutment teeth. Intrusion of abutment teeth were almost exclusively detected among non-rigid connections.Conclusion: Survival rates of both implants and reconstructions in combined tooth–implant-supported FPDs were lower than those reported for solely implant-supported FPDs (Pjetursson et al. 2004). Hence, planning of prosthetic rehabilitation may preferentially include solely implant-supported FPDs. However, anatomical aspects, patient centered issues and risk assessments of the residual dentition may still justify combined tooth–implant-supported reconstructions.It was evident from the present search that tooth–implant-supported FPDs have not been studied to any great extent and hence, there is a definitive need for more longitudinal studies examining these reconstructions.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5- and 10-year survival of implant supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and to describe the incidence of biological and technical complications.Methods: An electronic MEDLINE search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FPDs with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year survival proportions.Results: The search provided 3844 titles and 560 abstracts. Full-text analysis was performed for 176 articles resulting in 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated an estimated survival of implants in implant-supported FPDs of 95.4% (95 percent confidence interval (95% CI): 93.9–96.5%) after 5 and 92.8% (95% CI: 90–94.8%) after 10 years. The survival rate of FPDs supported by implants was 95% (95% CI: 92.2–96.8%) after 5 and 86.7% (95% CI: 82.8–89.8%) after 10 years of function. Only 61.3% (95% CI: 55.3–66.8%) of the patients were free of any complications after 5 years. Peri-implantitis and soft tissue complications occurred in 8.6% (95% CI: 5.1–14.1%) of FPDs after 5 years. Technical complications included implant fractures, connection-related and suprastructure-related complications. The cumulative incidence of implant fractures after 5 years was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1–1.2%). After 5 years, the cumulative incidence of connection-related complications (screw loosening or fracture) was 7.3% and 14% for suprastructure-related complications (veneer and framework fracture).Conclusion: Despite a high survival of FPDs, biological and technical complications are frequent. This, in turn, means that substantial amounts of chair time have to be accepted by the clinician following the incorporation of implant-supported FPDs. More studies with follow-up times of 10 and more years are needed as only few studies have described the long-term outcomes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the survival of cantilever fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and the incidence of biological and technical complications.Methods: An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FPDs with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression to obtain summary estimates of 10-year survival proportions.Results: From a yield of 3658 titles and 211 abstracts, 81 articles were selected for full-text analysis, finally resulting in 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies resulted in an estimated survival rate of cantilever FPDs of 81.8% (95 percent confidence interval (95% CI): 78.2–84.9%) and success rate (free of all complications) of 63% (95% CI: 54.7–70.2%) after 10 years. The most common biological complication was loss of pulp vitality (32.6%) followed by caries at abutment teeth (9.1%). After a 10-year observation period 2.6% of the FPDs were lost as a result of dental caries and 1% due to recurrent periodontitis. The most frequent technical complication was loss of retention (16.1%) followed by material fractures (5.9%). The cumulative incidence of fractures of abutment teeth was 2.9% and 2.4% of the FPDs were lost as a result of abutment tooth fracture after an observation period of 10 years.Conclusion: This systematic review on cantilever fixed partial dentures indicated that survival and success rates of cantilever fixed partial dentures were lower than those of conventional end-abutment supported FPDs described in a review by Tan et al. (2004) and biological and technical complications were frequent.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird diskutiert, ob die berichtete Zunahme von Fällen kindlichen Schilddrüsenkarzinoms in Belarus echt und der Strahlung in der Folge des Nuklearunfalls von Tschernobyl zuzuschreiben ist, oder obes sich um einen Artefakt handelt, indem nach dem Unfall falsche histologische Diagnosen gestellt wurden, die Berichterstattung über die Fälle vollständiger wurde oder Massenfrüherfassungsaktivitäten bei Kindern durchgeführt wurden. Wir haben die histologischen Präparate von 120 (75%) der 160 Fälle von Schilddrüsenkarzinom bei Kindern bis zu 15 Jahren überprüft, die zwischen 1986 und 1992 dem Krebsregister von Belarus gemeldet worden sind, sowie die zeitliche Entwicklung und geographische Verteilung der aufgetretenen Fälle und deren Merkmale analysiert. Gestützt auf die gemeldeten Fälle nahm die inzidenzrate von 0,041 pro 100000 im Jahre 1986 auf 2,548 im Jahre 1992 zu. In 94% der überprüften Fälle wurde Krebs als Diagnose bestätigt. Mit einer Ausnahme von medullärem Karzinom wurden nur papilläre Karzinome gefunden. Die Mehrzahl der Tumoren hatte die Organkapsel durchbrochen und massen über 10 mm im Durchmesser. Im Laufe der Zeit fand sich ein schwacher und statistisch nicht signifikanter Trend (p+0,19) in Richtung kleinerer Tumoren. Der Anteil von Tumoren mit Lymphknoten- und entfernten Metastasen blieb unverändert. Gestützt auf die histologisch bestätigten Fälle war die inzidenz angrenzend an Tschernobyl und in westlicher und nördlicher Richtung am höchsten, was auch der Kontamination mit Jod-131 entspricht. Unsere Daten weisen damit deutlich darauf hin, dass die beobachtete zunahme echt ist, doch werden noch weitere Daten benötigt, um das Ausmass des Einflusses des Massenscreening abzuschätzen und die mögliche Beziehung mit der im Jahre 1986 in Tschernobyl freigesetzten radioaktiven Strahlung abzuklären.
    Abstract: Résumé La question est posée de savoir si l'augmentation du nombre de cas de cancer de la thyroide observée chez les enfants en Belarus est réelle et à attribuer à l'irradiation relâchée suivant l'accident nucléaire de Tchernobyl, ou si elle reflète un phénomène artificiel dû à un diagnostique histologique erroné, une déclaration de cas plus complète ou le résultat des campagnes de dépistage qui ont suivi l'accident. Nous avons examiné les préparations histologiques de 120 (75%) des 160 cas survenus chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans rapportés entre 1986 et 1992 au registre des tumeurs de la république de Belarus, et analysé les chronologiques et les distributions géographiques de l'incidence et des caractéristiques des tumeurs. L'incidence des cas déclarés a augmenté de 0,041 par 100 000 en 1986 à 2,548 en 1992. Le diagnostique de carcinome a été confirmé dans 94% des tumeurs re-examinées. A l'exeption d'un seul cas de carcinome médullaire, toutes les histologies étaient du type papillaire. La plupart des tumeurs s'étandaient au delà de la capsule de l'organe, et avaient un diamètre supérieur à 10 mm. Pour les années les plus récentes, les tumeurs mesurées au moment du diagnostique sont devenues légerement et non-significativement (p=0,19) plus petites. La proportion des tumeurs ayant développé des métastases lymphatiques ou pulmonaires n'a pas changé. L'augmentation de l'incidence des cas confirmés à été parficulièrement importante dans le voisinage, ainsi que dans l'ouest et le nord de Tchernobyl, ce qui correspond assez bjen à la distribution de la contamination par l'iode-131. Nos données suggèrent donc fortement que l'augmentation observée et réelle. Néanmoins, d'avantage de données sur le dépistage en masse sont nécessaires pour clarifier l'association possible avec l'irradiation consécutive à Tchernobyl en 1986.
    Notes: Summary There is debate on whether the reported increase in the number of cases of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus is real and attributable to radiation released following the Chernobyl nuclear accident, or rather an artefact due to incorrect histological diagnosis, more complete case reporting and mass screening of children after the accident. We have scrutinised the histological slides of 120 (75%) of the 160 cases reported among children aged up to 15 years to the Belarus tumour registry from 1986 to 1992 and examined time trends and geographical patterns in incidence and tumour characteristics. Incidence based on reported cases increased from 0.041 per 100.000 in 1986 to 2.548 in 1992. Carcinoma was confirmed in 94% of reviewed tumours. Except for one medullary carcinoma all histologies were of the papillary type. Most of the tumours had spread beyond the organ capsule and measured over 10 mm in diameter. There was a weak and statistically non-significant trend (p=0.19) towards smaller tumours in the later years. The proportion of cases with lymphnode or distant metastasis remained unchanged. Incidence based on histologically confirmed cases was highest adjacent and to the west and north of Chernobyl, matching best estimates of iodine-131 contamination. Our data thus strongly suggest that the observed increase is real but more data are needed in order to assess the impact of mass screening and to clarify the possible association with radiation released at Chernobyl in 1986.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 43 (1998), S. 109-111 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 39 (1994), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziele Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Grundlagen und Strukturen der. Schweizerischen HIV-Kohortenstudie sowie die Kenndaten der bis zum 31. März 1993 rekrutierten Teilnehmer. Ziele der Studie sind epidemiologische, klinische und Grundlagenforschung. Methodik Eine Kohortenstudie mit Patienten der HIV Sprechstunden an den Universitätsspitälern von Basel, Bern, Genf, Lausanne und Zürich, sowie dem Kantonsspital St. Gallen. Die multizentrische Zusammenarbeit wurde im September 1988 durch das Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen initiert. Die frühesten Daten stammen aus dem Jahr 1982. Nachkontrollen sind alle 6 Monate vorgesehen. Resultate Per 31. März 1993 unfasste die Studie 6253 Teilnehmer (27% Frauen) mit total 16015 Personenjahren Beobachtungszeit. Die häufigsten HIV Ansteckungswege waren 46% intravenöser Drogenkonsum, 32% homosexuelle Sexualkontakte und 18% heterosexuelle Sexualkontakte. Bei den Männern verkleinerte sich der Anteil homosexueller Personen von 1985: 62% auf 1987: 40% und blieb seit dann konstant währenddem der Prozentsatz der heterosexuell Infizierten von 1985: 2% auf 1992: 15% anstieg. Der Anteil drogenabhängiger. Männer lag über die ganze Beobachtungszeit bei ungefähr 40%. Bei den Frauen hingegen reduzierte sich der Anteil der Drogenabhängigen von 1985: 90% auf 1992: 50%. Demgegenüber steht eine drastische Zunahme bei den durch heterosexuellen Geschlechtsverkehr infizierten Frauen von 1985: 8% auf 1992: 50%. Es wird geschätzt, dass ein grosser Teil der Schweizer AIDS Patienten (70%) und HIV infizierten Personen (32%–47%) in die Kohortenstudie aufgenommen wurden. Diskussion Die Kohortenstudie nimmt verschledene Aufgaben wahr als eigenständiges epidemiologisches Forschungsinstrument, als Basis und Infrastruktur für multidisziplinäre Forschungsprojekte und als Hilfsmittel zur Vereinheitlichung und Verbesserung der Patientenbetreuung. Verschiedene nationale und internationale Therapiestudien sind bereits realisiert worden. Die Schweizerische HIV Kohortenstudie zeichnet sich gegenüber ähnlichen Projekten im Ausland durch einen grossen Anteil von Frauen und von asymptomatischen Personen aus.
    Abstract: Résumé Objectif étude des données épidémiologiques et cliniques d'un collectif de patients infectés par le VIH en Suisse. Méthode étude de cohorte de patients adultes infectés par le VIH recrutés dans les hôpitaux universitaires de Bâle, Berne, Genève, Lausanne et Zurich ainsi qu'à l'hôpital cantonal de St. Gall. Cette étude multicentrique débuta en septembre 1988 et fut initiée par l'office fédéral de la santé publique. Certains centres ayant récolté des données des 1982 les ont inclues rétrospectivement. Résultats Au 31.3.1993, 6253 personnes (4580 hommes, 1673 femmes) étaient inclues avec un suivi total de 16015 personnes-années (moyenne 2.6 année). La transmission présumée du VIH était dans 46% des cas due à l'utilisation de drogues intraveineuses (IDU), 32% à des relations homosexuelles (MSM), 18% à des relations hétérosexuelles (HET), et pour 4% des cas, elle provenait d'autres facteurs. Les transmissions présumées homosexuelles passèrent de 67% en 1987 à 40% en 1987, et sont dès lors restées stables. La proportion d'hommes infectés par IDU est stable et représente environ 40%, chez les femmes par contre la proportion d'infections par IDU passa de 90% en 1985 à 50% en 1992. Par contre le nombre de transmission par relation HET chez les femmes passa de 8% en 1985 à 50% en 1992. Chez les hommes les infections HET passeraient de 2 à 15% durant la même période. En Suisse environ 70% des patients sidéens et 32 à 47% des séropositifs sont inclus dans cette étude de cohorte. Les «lost for follow-up» sont un problème important. Conclusions l'étude de cohorte VIH en Suisse est non seulement un projet de recherche en soi. Elle sert aussi de base structurelle sur laquelle d'autres projets peuvent se gréffer. Ceci permit de participer à plusieurs études nationales et internationales dans le domaine thérapeutique. La large proportion de femmes dans cette cohorte est un aspect particulièrement intéressant et unique.
    Notes: Summary Objectives This paper describes the rationale and design features of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and the baseline characteristics of participants enrolled up to March 31st 1993. The objectives include epidemiological, clinical and laboratory research. Design The SHCS is a prospective cohort study of HIV infected adolescents and adults seen at the outpatient clinics of the Swiss University Hospitals in Basle, Berne, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich and the Cantonal Hospital St. Gall. The multicentre collaboration was initiated in September 1988 by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Data collected prior to this date by several participating centers using a similar protocol were included, the earliest records dating back to 1982 Follow-up visits are scheduled every 6 months. Enrollment As of March 31st 1993, 6253 participants (M: 4580, F: 1675) were included with a total of 16015 person-years of follow-up (mean 2.6 years). HIV transmission categories were 46% intravenous drug users (IDU), 32% men who had sex with men (MSM), 18% heterosexual contacts (HET) and 4% other. The proportion of MSM among male participants decreased from 62% in 1985 to 40% in 1987, to remain stable thereafter. The proportion of IDU among males was around 40% throughout whereas in females, there was a pronounced decline from 90% IDU in 1985 to 50% in 1992. Conversely, there was a striking increase in registrations of women presumably infected by HET, from 8% in 1985 to 50% in 1992. Among men, the proportion classified as HET increased from 2% to 15%. It is estimated that a large proportion of all Swiss AIDS patients (70%) and HIV infected individuals (32%–47%) are enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Losses to follow-up, however, are common. Conclusions The SHCS serves multiple purposes as a research project, as infrastructure for multidisciplinary research and as a tool to improve patient care. Several international and national trials, post-marketing surveillances and expanded access protocols were or still are based upon its infrastructure. The large number of female participants and of participants AIDS-free at entry, make the database especially valuable.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-03-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Earth-Science Reviews, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 228, pp. 103987, ISSN: 0012-8252
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: The seabed plays a key role in the marine carbon cycle as a) the terminal location of aerobic oxidation of organic matter, b) the greatest anaerobic bioreactor, and c) the greatest repository for reactive organic carbon on Earth. We compiled data on the oxygen uptake of marine sediments with the objective to understand the constraints on mineralization rates of deposited organic matter and their relation to key environmental parameters. The compiled database includes nearly 4000 O 2 uptake data and is available as supplementary material. It includes also information on bottom water O 2 concentration, O 2 penetration depth, geographic position, water depth, and full information on the data sources. We present the different in situ and ex situ approaches to measure the total oxygen uptake (TOU) and the diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) of sediments and discuss their robustness towards methodological errors and statistical uncertainty. We discuss O 2 transport through the benthic and diffusive boundary layers, the diffusion- and fauna-mediated O 2 uptake, and the coupling of aerobic respiration to anaerobic processes. Five regional examples are presented to illustrate the diversity of the seabed: Eutrophic seas, oxygen minimum zones, abyssal plains, mid-oceanic gyres, and hadal trenches. A multiple correlation analysis shows that seabed O 2 uptake is primarily controlled by ocean depth and sea surface primary productivity. The O2 penetration depth scales with the DOU according to a power law that breaks down under the abyssal ocean gyres. The developed multiple correlation model was used to draw a global map of seabed O2 uptake rates. Respiratory coefficients, differentiated for depth regions of the ocean, were used to convert the global O 2 uptake to organic carbon oxidation. The resulting global budget shows an oxidation of 212 Tmol C yr − 1 in marine sediments with a 5-95% confidence interval of 175-260 Tmol C yr − 1 . A comparison with the global flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) from photic surface waters to the deep sea, determined from multiple sediment trap studies, suggests a deficit in the sedimentation flux at 2000 m water depth of about 70% relative to the carbon turnover in the underlying seabed. At the ocean margins, the flux of organic carbon from rivers and from vegetated coastal ecosystems contributes greatly to the budget and may even exceed the phytoplankton production on the inner continental shelf.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-03
    Description: Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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