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  • 1
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    Thallium concentrations and isotope composition of MORB glasses and altered oceani crust from DSDP/ODP Hole 504B and DSDP Hole 52-417D (2006)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Nielsen, Sune G; Rehkämper, Mark; Teagle, Damon A H; Butterfield, David A; Alt, Jeffrey C; Halliday, Alex N (2006): Hydrothermal fluid fluxes calculated from the isotopic mass balance of thallium in the ocean crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 251(1-2), 120-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Hydrothermal fluids expelled from the seafloor at high and low temperatures play pivotal roles in controlling seawater chemistry. However, the magnitude of the high temperature water flux of mid-ocean ridge axes remains widely disputed and the volume of low temperature vent fluids at ridge flanks is virtually unconstrained. Here, we determine both high and low temperature hydrothermal fluid fluxes using the chemical and isotopic mass balance of the element thallium (Tl) in the ocean crust. Thallium is a unique tracer of ocean floor hydrothermal exchange because of its contrasting behavior during seafloor alteration at low and high temperatures and the distinctive isotopic signatures of fresh and altered MORB and seawater. The calculated high temperature hydrothermal water flux is (0.17-2.93)*10**13 kg/yr with a best estimate of 0.72*10**13 kg/yr. This result suggests that only about 5 to 80% of the heat available at mid-ocean ridge axes from the crystallization and cooling of the freshly formed ocean crust, is released by high temperature black smoker fluids.The residual thermal energy ismost likely lost via conduction and/or through the circulation of intermediate temperature hydrothermal fluids that do not alter the chemical budgets of Tl in the ocean crust. The Tl-based calculations indicate that the low temperature hydrothermal water flux at ridge flanks is (0.2-5.4)*10**17 kg/yr. This implies that the fluids have an average temperature anomaly of only about 0.1 to 3.6 °C relative to ambient seawater. If these low temperatures are correct then both Sr and Mg are expected to be relatively unreactive in ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and this may explain why the extent of basalt alteration that is observed for altered ocean crust appears insufficient to balance the oceanic budgets of 87Sr/86Sr and Mg.
    Keywords: 111-504B; 140-504B; 148-504B; 52-417D; 69-504B; 70-504B; 83-504B; Caesium; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Isotope dilution; Joides Resolution; Leg111; Leg140; Leg148; Leg52; Leg69; Leg70; Leg83; Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS); North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Thallium; ε-Thallium-205
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 75 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    (Table 1) Os and Sr isotopes in low-temperature hydrothermal fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge at ODP Site 168-1026B (2007)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: We present Os and Sr isotopes and Mg, Os, and Sr concentrations for ridge-crest high-temperature and diffuse hydrothermal fluids, plume fluids and ridge-flank warm spring fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The data are used to evaluate the extent to which (1) the high- and low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) provides Os to the deep oceans, and (2) hydrothermal contributions of non-radiogenic Os and Sr to the oceans are coupled. The Os and Sr isotopic ratios of the high-temperature fluids (265-353°C) are dominated by basalts (187Os/188Os = 0.2; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.704) but the concentrations of these elements are buffered approximately at their seawater values. The 187Os/188Os of the hydrothermal plume fluids collected ~1 m above the orifice of Hulk vent is close to the seawater value (=1.05). The low-temperature diffuse fluids (10-40°C) associated with ridge-crest high-temperature hydrothermal systems on average have [Os] = 31 fmol/kg, 187Os/188Os = 0.9 and [Sr] = 86 µmol/kg, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.709. They appear to result from mixing of a high-temperature fluid and a seawater component. The ridge-flank warm spring fluids (10-62°C) on average yield [Os] = 22 fmol/kg, 187Os/188Os = 0.8 and [Sr] = 115 µmol/kg, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.708. The data are consistent with isotopic exchange of Os and Sr between basalt and circulating seawater during low-temperature hydrothermal alteration. The average Sr concentration in these fluids appears to be similar to seawater and consistent with previous studies. In comparison, the average Os concentration is less than seawater by more than a factor of two. If these data are representative they indicate that low-temperature alteration of MORB does not provide adequate non-radiogenic Os and that another source of mantle Os to the oceans must be investigated. At present, the magnitude of non-radiogenic Sr contribution via low-temperature seawater alteration is not well constrained. If non-radiogenic Sr to the oceans is predominantly from the alteration of MORB, our data suggest that there must be a different source of non-radiogenic Os and that the Os and Sr isotope systems in the oceans are decoupled.
    Keywords: 168-1026B; Calculated; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; ICP-OES, Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry; Ion chromatography; Joides Resolution; Juan de Fuca Ridge, North Pacific Ocean; Leg168; Magnesium; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Osmium; Osmium-187/Osmium-188, error; Osmium-187/Osmium-188 ratio; Sample code/label; Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); Strontium; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error; Temperature, water; Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 3
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and Bathymodiolus brevior shell variables near Eifuku volcano, Japan, 2009 (2009)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Tunnicliffe, Verena; Davies, Kimberly T A; Butterfield, David A; Embley, Robert W; Rose, Jonathan M; Chadwick, William W Jr (2009): Survival of mussels in extremely acidic waters on a submarine volcano. Nature Geoscience, 2, 344-348, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo500
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are causing ocean acidification, compromising the ability of some marine organisms to build and maintain support structures as the equilibrium state of inorganic carbon moves away from calcium carbonate. Few marine organisms tolerate conditions where ocean pH falls significantly below today's value of about 8.1 and aragonite and calcite saturation values below 1. Here we report dense clusters of the vent mussel B. brevior in natural conditions of pH values between 5.36 and 7.29 on northwest Eifuku volcano, Mariana arc, where liquid carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide emerge in a hydrothermal setting. We find that both shell thickness and daily growth increments in shells from northwest Eifuku are only about half those recorded from mussels living in water with pH〉7.8. Low pH may therefore also be implicated in metabolic impairment. We identify four-decade-old mussels, but suggest that the mussels can survive for so long only if their protective shell covering remains intact: crabs that could expose the underlying calcium carbonate to dissolution are absent from this setting. The mussels' ability to precipitate shells in such low-pH conditions is remarkable. Nevertheless, the vulnerability of molluscs to predators is likely to increase in a future ocean with low pH.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, potentiometric; Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bathymodiolus brevior; Bathymodiolus brevior, daily growth band, width; Bathymodiolus brevior, daily growth band, width, standard error; Bathymodiolus brevior, distance from shell edge; Bathymodiolus brevior, distance from umbo; Bathymodiolus brevior, shell, length; Bathymodiolus brevior, shell, weight; Bathymodiolus brevior, shell thickness; Bathymodiolus brevior, shell thickness, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Date; Deep-sea; DEPTH, water; Electron microprobe (EMP); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Hydrogen sulfide; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Measured; Mollusca; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Salinity; Single species; Site; Temperature, water; Tropical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 780 data points
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  • 4
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    Deep-Ocean dissolved organic matter in hydrothermal vents (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hawkes, Jeffrey A; Rossel, Pamela E; Stubbins, Aron; Butterfield, David A; Connelly, Douglas P; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Koschinsky, Andrea; Chavagnac, Valerie; Hansen, Christian T; Bach, Wolfgang; Dittmar, Thorsten (2015): Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation. Nature Geoscience, 8(11), 856-860, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2543
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood (Dittmar and Stubbins, 2014; Hansell, 2013, doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100757). Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212-401 °C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380 °C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years (Elderfield and Schultz, 1996, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.24.1.191).
    Keywords: Akademik Mstislav Keldysh; AMK47; AMK47-Lost_City; AT18-08; Atlantis (1997); Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved, extracted; Comment; Comment 2 (continued); Contamination; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Description; Error; Event label; Factor; Identification; ISIS; ISIS MS2000; J2-574; J2-575; J2-576; J2-579; J2-580; J2-581; J2-583; James Cook; JC042; JC080; JC082; JC42_ISIS_130; JC42_ISIS_133; JC42_ISIS_134; JC42_ISIS_141; JC80_015_CTD; JC80_ISIS_189; JC80_ISIS_190; JC80_ISIS_194; JC82_ISIS_198; JC82_ISIS_200; JC82_ISIS_202; JC82_ISIS_204; JC82_ISIS_206; JC82_ISIS_207; Juan_de_Fuca_Ridge_Axial; Juan_de_Fuca_Ridge_Endeavour; Latitude of event; Lithology/composition/facies; Longitude of event; Lost City Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; M82/3; M82/3_719-1; M82/3_722-1; M82/3_739-1; M82/3_756-1; Magnesium; Maria S. Merian; Meteor (1986); MIR; MIR deep-sea manned submersible; MSM10/3; MSM10/3_290ROV-11; MSM10/3_300; MSM10/3_313ROV-12; Name; Ocean and sea region; Percentage; Precision; Remote operated vehicle; Remote operated vehicle Jason II; ROV; ROVJ; Sample type; Sample volume; Sampling date; Site; Solid phase extractable; South Atlantic Ocean; tropical/subtropical North Atlantic; Type; Volume; Wakamiko_Crater
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4130 data points
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  • 5
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and net ecosystem calcification and production in a coral community Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, 2011 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Shamberger, K E F; Feely, Richard A; Sabine, Christopher L; Atkinson, M J; DeCarlo, E H; Mackenzie, Fred T; Drupp, P S; Butterfield, David A (2011): Calcification and organic production on a Hawaiian coral reef. Marine Chemistry, 127(1-4), 64-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.08.003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Net ecosystem calcification rates (NEC) and net photosynthesis (NP) were determined from CO2 seawater parameters on the barrier coral reef of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Autosamplers were deployed to collect samples on the barrier reef every 2 hours for six 48-hour deployments, two each in June 2008, August 2009, and January/February 2010. NEC on the Kaneohe Bay barrier reef increased throughout the day and decreased at night. Net calcification continued at low rates at night except for six time periods when net dissolution was measured. The barrier reef was generally net photosynthetic (positive NP) during the day and net respiring (negative NP) at night. NP controlled the diel cycles of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and aragonite saturation state resulting in high daytime aragonite saturation state levels when calcification rates were at their peak. However, the NEC and NP diel cycles can become decoupled for short periods of time (several hours) without affecting calcification rates. On a net daily basis, net ecosystem production (NEP) of the barrier reef was found to be sometimes net photosynthetic and sometimes net respiring and ranged from -378 to 80 mmol m-2 d-1 when calculated using simple box models. Daily NEC of the barrier reef was positive (net calcification) for all deployments and ranged from 174 to 331 mmol CaCO3 m-2 d-1. Daily NEC was strongly negatively correlated with average daily pCO2 (R2 = 0.76) which ranged from 431 to 622 µatm. Daily NEC of the Kaneohe Bay barrier reef is similar to or higher than daily NEC measured on other coral reefs even though aragonite saturation state levels (mean aragonite saturation state = 2.85) are some of the lowest measured in coral reef ecosystems. It appears that while calcification rate and ?arag are correlated within a single coral reef ecosystem, this relationship does not necessarily hold between different coral reef systems. It can be expected that ocean acidification will not affect coral reefs uniformly and that some may be more sensitive to increasing pCO2 levels than others.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975); Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated, see reference(s); Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Coulometric titration; CTD, Sea-Bird; DATE/TIME; Entire community; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Net production; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Potentiometric open-cell titration; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Temperature, water; Tropical
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1178 data points
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  • 6
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    (Appendix) Fluid chemistry and strontium isotope data for ODP Hole 168-1026B (2001)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Butterfield, David A; Nelson, Bruce K; Wheat, C Geoffrey; Mottl, Michael J; Roe, Kevin K (2001): Evidence for basaltic Sr in midocean ridge-flank hydrothermal systems and implications for the global oceanic Sr isotope balance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(22), 4141-4153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00712-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Previous models and calculations of the global mass balance of Sr in the oceans have shown that the input of unradiogenic basaltic Sr from on-axis midocean ridge hydrothermal systems is much less than needed to balance the input of radiogenic Sr delivered to the oceans by rivers. The implication is that either the oceans are far from steady state with respect to Sr isotope balance (and that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of seawater is increasing at unprecedented rates) or that there is a significant missing source of basaltic Sr. It has long been recognized that off-axis hydrothermal fluxes might significantly affect the mass and isotopic balance of Sr and other elements in the oceans, but nearly all previous work has concluded that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of pore fluids in ridge-flank hydrothermal areas is virtually indistinguishable from the seawater ratio or is dominated by authigenic carbonates. In contrast, we report here the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of warm springs, sediment pore fluids, and basement reservoir fluid with a clear basaltic signature from the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca ridge (JFR). Fluids venting from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1026B on the Juan de Fuca east flank have relatively stable Sr isotope and major element composition for the 3 yr following drilling. These results and similar results recently reported by Elderfield et al. (1999) indicate that low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation has an important effect on the Sr isotope balance in the oceans. If published values for the other major sources of Sr input to the oceans (rivers and axial hydrothermal flux) are accurate, then the rate of increase of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in seawater (~0.000054 per million years) can be accommodated if ridge flanks on a global scale deliver fluids to the ocean with delta (87Sr/86Sr)/heat ratios one third to one half of the ratio found in warm JFR basement fluids. Based on published Sr and O isotope signatures of calcite veins in the uppermost basaltic ocean crust, the average delta (87Sr/86Sr)/heat ratio of low-temperature fluids is in the range required to balance the oceanic Sr isotope budget. Although the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the JFR flank fluids in this study overlap with fluid properties inferred from some calcite veins in the upper oceanic crust, the magnitudes of the delta (87Sr/86Sr)/heat ratios of nearly all of the JFR flank fluids are too large to be representative of the average global flank fluid flux; the same has been argued on the basis of the extremely high implied Mg flux.
    Keywords: 168-1026B; Calcium; Comment; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES); Ion chromatography; Joides Resolution; Juan de Fuca Ridge, North Pacific Ocean; Leg168; Magnesium; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Strontium; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Temperature, water; Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS); Titration
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 61 data points
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGIONAL EQUITY AND EFFICIENCY: SOME EXPERIMENTS FOR CANADA (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 23 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1983.tb00998.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR Spin-Trapping Studies of the Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Carnosine and Related Dipeptides (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 42 (1994), S. 1407-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00043a003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial diversity in a subseafloor habitat following a deep-sea volcanic eruption (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bacterial diversity in a diffuse flow hydrothermal vent habitat at Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge was examined shortly after an eruptive event in 1998 and again in 1999 and 2000 using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. While considerable overlap with deep-sea background seawater was found within the α- and γ-proteobacteria, unique subseafloor phylotypes were distinguishable. These included diverse members of the ε-proteobacteria, high temperature groups such as Desulfurobacterium, Gram-positive bacteria, and members of novel candidate divisions WS6 and ABY1. Phylotype richness was highest in the particle-attached populations from all three sampling periods, and diversity appeared to increase over that time, particularly among the ε-proteobacteria. A preliminary model of the subseafloor is presented that relates microbial diversity to temperature, chemical characteristics of diffuse flow fluids and the degree of mixing with seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01080.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30° N (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Evidence is growing that hydrothermal venting occurs not only along mid-ocean ridges but also on old regions of the oceanic crust away from spreading centres. Here we report the discovery of an extensive hydrothermal field at 30° N near the eastern intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35084000
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