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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetation and climate change in northwest America during the past 125 kyr (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 388 (1997), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vegetation records spanning the past 21 kyr in western North America display spatial patterns of change that reflect the influence of variations in the large-scale controls of climate. Among these controls are millennial-scale variations in the seasonal cycle of insolation and the size ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/388057a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Charcoal records of two sediment cores off SW Africa (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Daniau, Anne-Laure; Bartlein, Patrick J; Harrison, S P; Prentice, Iain Colin; Brewer, Simon; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Harrison-Prentice, T I; Inoue, J; Izumi, K; Marlon, Jennifer R; Mooney, Scott D; Power, Mitchell J; Stevenson, J; Tinner, Willy; Andric, M; Atanassova, J; Behling, Hermann; Black, M; Blarquez, O; Brown, K J; Carcaillet, C; Colhoun, Eric A; Colombaroli, Daniele; Davis, Basil A S; D'Costa, D; Dodson, John; Dupont, Lydie M; Eshetu, Z; Gavin, D G; Genries, A; Haberle, Simon G; Hallett, D J; Hope, Geoffrey; Horn, S P; Kassa, T G; Katamura, F; Kennedy, L M; Kershaw, A Peter; Krivonogov, S; Long, C; Magri, Donatella; Marinova, E; McKenzie, G Merna; Moreno, P I; Moss, Patrick T; Neumann, F H; Norstrom, E; Paitre, C; Rius, D; Roberts, Neil; Robinson, G S; Sasaki, N; Scott, Louis; Takahara, H; Terwilliger, V; Thevenon, Florian; Turner, R; Valsecchi, V G; Vannière, Boris; Walsh, M; Williams, N; Zhang, Yancheng (2012): Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26(4), https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004249
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-13
    Description: We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo- fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Modeled monthly local topographic lapse rates, Pacific Northwest, USA (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Praskievicz, Sarah; Bartlein, Patrick J (2014): Hydrologic modeling using elevationally adjusted NARR and NARCCAP regional climate-model simulations: Tucannon River, Washington. Journal of Hydrology, 517, 803-814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-20
    Description: An emerging approach to downscaling the projections from General Circulation Models (GCMs) to scales relevant for basin hydrology is to use output of GCMs to force higher-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs). With spatial resolution often in the tens of kilometers, however, even RCM output will likely fail to resolve local topography that may be climatically significant in high-relief basins. Here we develop and apply an approach for downscaling RCM output using local topographic lapse rates (empirically-estimated spatially and seasonally variable changes in climate variables with elevation). We calculate monthly local topographic lapse rates from the 800-m Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) dataset, which is based on regressions of observed climate against topographic variables. We then use these lapse rates to elevationally correct two sources of regional climate-model output: (1) the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), a retrospective dataset produced from a regional forecasting model constrained by observations, and (2) a range of baseline climate scenarios from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP), which is produced by a series of RCMs driven by GCMs. By running a calibrated and validated hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), using observed station data and elevationally-adjusted NARR and NARCCAP output, we are able to estimate the sensitivity of hydrologic modeling to the source of the input climate data. Topographic correction of regional climate-model data is a promising method for modeling the hydrology of mountainous basins for which no weather station datasets are available or for simulating hydrology under past or future climates.
    Keywords: Columbia County, Washington, United States; Description; File format; File name; File size; Tucannon_River; Uniform resource locator/link to model result file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    CLAM age model and pollen profile of sediment core Joe_Lake (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Keywords: Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses; Accumulation model; ACER; Aconitum; Alnus; Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae; Ambrosia-type; Androsace; Anemone-type; Apiaceae; Arctostaphylos; Artemisia; Asteraceae; Astragalus-type; Athyrium; Betula; Brassicaceae; Bryales; Bupleurum; Calendar age; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; Callitriche; Caprifoliaceae; Caryophyllaceae; Classical age-modeling approach, CLAM (Blaauw, 2010); Counting, palynology; Cyperaceae; Cystopteris; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Diapensia; Dryas; Dryopteris; Empetrum; Epilobium; Equisetum; Ericaceae; Fabaceae; Gentiana; Hedysarum-type; Hepaticae; Hippuris vulgaris; Huperzia selago; Isoetes; Joe_Lake; Juniperus; Koenigia islandica; Lamiaceae; Ledum-type; Liliaceae; Lycopodium annotinum; Lycopodium complanatum; Myriophyllum; Nuphar; Nymphaea; Nymphaeaceae; Oxyria digyna/Rumex; Oxytropis; Papaveraceae; Pedicularis langsdorfii; Phlox; Picea; Picea/Pinus; Pinus; Plantago; Plantago canescens-type; Plantago major-type; Poaceae; Polemoniaceae; Polemonium; Pollen indeterminata; Polygonaceae; Polygonum amphibium-type; Polygonum bistortoides-type; Polypodiales; Populus; Populus balsamifera; Potamogeton; Potentilla; Pyrolaceae; Ranunculaceae; Rhododendron; Rosaceae; Rubus chamaemorus; Salix; Sample ID; Sanguisorba; Saussurea; Saxifragaceae; Saxifraga cernua-type; Saxifraga foliolosa-type; Saxifraga hieracifolia-type; Saxifraga tricuspidata-type; Selaginella sibirica; Sparganium/Typha; Sphagnum; Thalictrum; Type of age model; Unknown; Valeriana
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8124 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    CLAM age model and pollen profile of sediment core Carp_Lake (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Keywords: Abies; Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses; Accumulation model; Acer; ACER; Alnus; Alnus rubra-type; Alnus sinuata-type; Ambrosia-type; Amelanchier-type; Apiaceae; Arceuthobium; Artemisia; Asteraceae; Betula; Bidens-type; Botrychium; Brasenia; Brassicaceae; Calendar age; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; Camassia-type; Carp_Lake; Caryophyllaceae; Ceanothus/Rhamnus; Chenopodiaceae; Classical age-modeling approach, CLAM (Blaauw, 2010); Corylus; Counting, palynology; Cupressaceae; Cyperaceae; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dodecatheon-type; Dryopteris; Elaeagnus; Ephedra; Equisetum; Ericaceae; Eriogonum; Fabaceae; Fraxinus; Galium; Gilia-type; Herbs; Isoetes; Lamiaceae; Larix/Pseudotsuga; Lemna; Liliaceae; Myriophyllum; Nuphar; Onagraceae; Phlox-type; Picea; Pinus; Plantago; Plectritis-type; Poaceae; Pollen indeterminata; Polygonum; Polygonum californicum-type; Populus; Populus balsamifera-type; Populus tremuloides-type; Potamogeton; Potentilla-type; Poylgonum amphibium; Prunus-type; Pteridium; Quercus; Ranunculus; Rhus; Rosaceae; Rumex; Sagittaria; Salix; Sambucus; Sample ID; Sarcobatus; Saxifragaceae; Selaginella densa-type; Shepherdia canadensis; Sparganium; Sphaeralcea; Spiraea-type; Taxus; Thalictrum; Tsuga heterophylla; Tsuga mertensiana; Type of age model; Typha latifolia-type; Unknown; Urtica-type; Valeriana
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 17978 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 2: Two interglacials, scientific objective and experimental design for Holocene and Last Interglacial simulations (2017)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development, 10 (11). pp. 3979-4003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Two interglacial epochs are included in the suite of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The experimental protocols for simulations of the mid-Holocene (midHolocene, 6000 years before present) and the Last Interglacial (lig127k, 127 000 years before present) are described here. These equilibrium simulations are designed to examine the impact of changes in orbital forcing at times when atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were similar to those of the preindustrial period and the continental configurations were almost identical to modern ones. These simulations test our understanding of the interplay between radiative forcing and atmospheric circulation, and the connections among large-scale and regional climate changes giving rise to phenomena such as land–sea contrast and high-latitude amplification in temperature changes, and responses of the monsoons, as compared to today. They also provide an opportunity, through carefully designed additional sensitivity experiments, to quantify the strength of atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land-surface feedbacks. Sensitivity experiments are proposed to investigate the role of freshwater forcing in triggering abrupt climate changes within interglacial epochs. These feedback experiments naturally lead to a focus on climate evolution during interglacial periods, which will be examined through transient experiments. Analyses of the sensitivity simulations will also focus on interactions between extratropical and tropical circulation, and the relationship between changes in mean climate state and climate variability on annual to multi-decadal timescales. The comparative abundance of paleoenvironmental data and of quantitative climate reconstructions for the Holocene and Last Interglacial make these two epochs ideal candidates for systematic evaluation of model performance, and such comparisons will shed new light on the importance of external feedbacks (e.g., vegetation, dust) and the ability of state-of-the-art models to simulate climate changes realistically.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-3979-2017
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 4: Scientific objectives and experimental design of the PMIP4-CMIP6 Last Glacial Maximum experiments and PMIP4 sensitivity experiments (2017)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development, 10 (11). pp. 4035-4055.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years ago) is one of the suite of paleoclimate simulations included in the current phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). It is an interval when insolation was similar to the present, but global ice volume was at a maximum, eustatic sea level was at or close to a minimum, greenhouse gas concentrations were lower, atmospheric aerosol loadings were higher than today, and vegetation and land-surface characteristics were different from today. The LGM has been a focus for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) since its inception, and thus many of the problems that might be associated with simulating such a radically different climate are well documented. The LGM state provides an ideal case study for evaluating climate model performance because the changes in forcing and temperature between the LGM and pre-industrial are of the same order of magnitude as those projected for the end of the 21st century. Thus, the CMIP6 LGM experiment could provide additional information that can be used to constrain estimates of climate sensitivity. The design of the Tier 1 LGM experiment (lgm) includes an assessment of uncertainties in boundary conditions, in particular through the use of different reconstructions of the ice sheets and of the change in dust forcing. Additional (Tier 2) sensitivity experiments have been designed to quantify feedbacks associated with land-surface changes and aerosol loadings, and to isolate the role of individual forcings. Model analysis and evaluation will capitalize on the relative abundance of paleoenvironmental observations and quantitative climate reconstructions already available for the LGM.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 4: Scientific objectives and experimental design of the PMIP4-CMIP6 Last Glacial Maximum experiments and PMIP4 sensitivity experiments (2017)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Geoscientific Model Development, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 10(11), pp. 4035-4055, ISSN: 1991-959X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-20
    Description: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years ago) is one of the suite of paleoclimate simulations included in the current phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). It is an interval when insolation was similar to the present, but global ice volume was at a maximum, eustatic sea level was at or close to a minimum, greenhouse gas concentrations were lower, atmospheric aerosol loadings were higher than today, and vegetation and land-surface characteristics were different from today. The LGM has been a focus for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) since its inception, and thus many of the problems that might be associated with simulating such a radically different climate are well documented. The LGM state provides an ideal case study for evaluating climate model performance because the changes in forcing and temperature between the LGM and pre-industrial are of the same order of magnitude as those projected for the end of the 21st century. Thus, the CMIP6 LGM experiment could provide additional information that can be used to constrain estimates of climate sensitivity. The design of the Tier 1 LGM experiment (lgm) includes an assessment of uncertainties in boundary conditions, in particular through the use of different reconstructions of the ice sheets and of the change in dust forcing. Additional (Tier 2) sensitivity experiments have been designed to quantify feedbacks associated with land-surface changes and aerosol loadings, and to isolate the role of individual forcings. Model analysis and evaluation will capitalize on the relative abundance of paleoenvironmental observations and quantitative climate reconstructions already available for the LGM.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
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    Response of Pacific Northwest vegetation to large-scale changes in climate during the last 100,000 years [abstract] (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15817 | 8 | 2014-12-09 18:25:16 | 15817
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):Paleoclimatic variations in western North America depend on a hierarchy of temporal and spatial controls that can be examined using a combination of modeling studies and data synthesis. ... The regional vegetation response to large-scale changes in the climate system of the last 21,000 years is used as a conceptual model to help explain earlier vegetation and climate at two localities.
    Keywords: Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Limnology ; PACLIM ; palynology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 235-235
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    Global and regional temperature change over the past 4.5 million years (2024)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 383(6685), pp. 884-890, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Much of our understanding of Cenozoic climate is based on the record of δ18O measured in benthic foraminifera. However, this measurement reflects a combined signal of global temperature and sea level, thus preventing a clear understanding of the interactions and feedbacks of the climate system in causing global temperature change. Our new reconstruction of temperature change over the past 4.5 million years includes two phases of long-term cooling, with the second phase of accelerated cooling during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (1.5 to 0.9 million years ago) being accompanied by a transition from dominant 41,000-year low-amplitude periodicity to dominant 100,000-year high-amplitude periodicity. Changes in the rates of long-term cooling and variability are consistent with changes in the carbon cycle driven initially by geologic processes, followed by additional changes in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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