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  • 1
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    Effects of climate change and industrialization on Lake Bolshoe Toko, eastern Siberia (2021)
    Biskaborn, Boris K. ; Narancic, Biljana ; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. ; [et al.]
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: Industrialization in the Northern Hemisphere has led to warming and pollution of natural ecosystems. We used paleolimnological methods to explore whether recent climate change and/or pollution had affected a very remote lake ecosystem, i.e. one without nearby direct human influence. We compared sediment samples that date from before and after the onset of industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century, from four short cores taken at water depths between 12.1 and 68.3 m in Lake Bolshoe Toko, eastern Siberia. We analyzed diatom assemblage changes, including diversity estimates, in all four cores and geochemical changes (mercury, nitrogen, organic carbon) from one core taken at an intermediate water depth. Chronologies for two cores were established using 210Pb and 137Cs. Sedimentation rates were 0.018 and 0.033 cm year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at the shallow- and deep-water sites, respectively. We discovered an increase in light planktonic diatoms (Cyclotella) and a decrease in heavily silicified euplanktonic Aulacoseira through time at deep-water sites, related to more recent warmer air temperatures and shorter periods of lake-ice cover, which led to pronounced thermal stratification. Diatom beta diversity in shallow-water communities changed significantly because of the development of new habitats associated with macrophyte growth. Mercury concentrations increased by a factor of 1.6 since the mid-nineteenth century as a result of atmospheric fallout. Recent increases in the chrysophyte Mallomonas in all cores suggested an acidification trend. We conclude that even remote boreal lakes are susceptible to the effects of climate change and human-induced pollution.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:577.5 ; Diatoms ; Recent climate change ; Mercury ; Lake sediment cores ; Human impact
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Paleometagenomic network analysis of ancient DNA from Bering Sea sediments to examine past ecological communities (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 3
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    Marine ecosystem shifts with deglacial sea-ice loss inferred from ancient DNA shotgun sequencing (2023)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Sea ice is a key factor for the functioning and services provided by polar marine ecosystems. However, ecosystem responses to sea-ice loss are largely unknown because time-series data are lacking. Here, we use shotgun metagenomics of marine sedimentary ancient DNA off Kamchatka (Western Bering Sea) covering the last ~20,000 years. We traced shifts from a sea ice-adapted late-glacial ecosystem, characterized by diatoms, copepods, and codfish to an ice-free Holocene characterized by cyanobacteria, salmon, and herring. By providing information about marine ecosystem dynamics across a broad taxonomic spectrum, our data show that ancient DNA will be an important new tool in identifying long-term ecosystem responses to climate transitions for improvements of ocean and cryosphere risk assessments. We conclude that continuing sea-ice decline on the northern Bering Sea shelf might impact on carbon export and disrupt benthic food supply and could allow for a northward expansion of salmon and Pacific herring.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Plankton community changes during the last 124 000 years in the subarctic Bering Sea derived from sedimentary ancient DNA (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Current global warming results in rising sea-water temperatures, and the loss of sea ice in arctic and subarctic oceans impacts the community composition of primary producers with cascading effects on the food web and potentially on carbon export rates. This study analyzes metagenomic shotgun and diatom rbcL amplicon-sequencing data from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of the subarctic western Bering Sea that records phyto- and zooplankton community changes over the last glacial–interglacial cycle, including the last interglacial period (Eemian). Our data show that interglacial and glacial plankton communities differ, with distinct Eemian and Holocene plankton communities. The generally warm Holocene period is dominated by pico-sized cyanobacteria and bacteria-feeding heterotrophic protists, while the Eemian period is dominated by eukaryotic pico-sized chlorophytes and Triparmaceae. In contrast, the glacial period is characterized by micro-sized phototrophic protists, including sea-ice associated diatoms in the family Bacillariaceae and co-occurring diatom-feeding crustaceous zooplankton. Our deep-time record of plankton community changes reveals a long-term decrease in phytoplankton cell size coeval with increasing temperatures, and resembling community changes in the currently warming Bering Sea. The phytoplankton community in the warmer-than-present Eemian period is distinct from modern communities and limits the use of the Eemian as an analog for future climate scenarios. However, under enhanced future warming, the expected shift towards the dominance of small-sized phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists might result in an increased productivity, whereas the community’s potential of carbon export will be decreased, thereby weakening the subarctic Bering Sea’s function as an effective carbon sink.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Pollen counts, AMS C14 and Pb-210/Cs-137 dating in sediment cores from three lakes along an open larch forest-forest tundra-tundra transect in the Omoloy region, north-eastern Siberia (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Here, we provide the raw pollen data archived in three Siberian lake sediment cores spanning the mid-Holocene to the present (7.6-0 cal ka BP), from northern typical tundra to southern open larch forest in the Omoloy region. There are three cores: 1. 14-OM-20B, Lat. / °: 70.53, Lon. / °: 132.91, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 52, Modern vegetation: open larch forest, Lake area / km2: 0.26, Maximal depth / m: 3.4 2. 14-OM-02B, Lat. / °: 70.72, Lon. / °: 132.67, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 58, Modern vegetation: forest tundra, Lake area / km2: 0.08, Maximal depth / m: 3.5 3. 14-OM-12A, Lat. / °: 70.96, Lon. / °: 132.57, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 60, Modern vegetation: tundra, Lake area / km2: 0.09, Maximal depth / m: 4.5 Three lake sediment cores, 14OM12A (33 cm long), 14OM02B (49.5 cm long) and 14OM20B (86 cm long), were recovered from three sites using a UWITEC gravity corer (6 cm internal diameter) equipped with a hammer tool in July 2014. From the three cores, 16 bulk organic carbon samples were selected because of the lack of macrofossil remains and radiocarbon dated using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at Poznań radiocarbon laboratory of Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland. In addition, 30 freeze-dried samples per core at 0.25 or 0.5 cm intervals between 0 and 15 cm were analysed for 210Pb/137Cs at the Liverpool University Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory. In this project, we analyse pollen and sedaDNA (Liu et al., 2020; doi:10.5061/dryad.69p8cz900) from three lake sediment cores from the Omoloy region in north-eastern Siberia (northern Yakutia), which are currently surrounded by different vegetation types ranging from typical tundra to open larch forest. First, our aim is to compare sedaDNA with the pollen data to see whether both methods track the same pattern with respect to compositional changes and diversity changes across the northern Russian treeline zone or are complementary to each other. Second, we reconstruct the mid- to late-Holocene changes of vegetation composition along a north–south transect. Third, we use the sedaDNA data to reconstruct variations in species richness and relate this to vegetation and climate change.
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; dating; Lake Omoloy; mid-holocene; north-eastern Siberia; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; Pollen
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Elemental and isotopic measurements of macrophyte remains and raw sequence data in sediment core KK12-1, Lake Karakul, Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Heinecke, Liv; Epp, Laura Saskia; Reschke, Maria; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosmarie; Mischke, Steffen; Plessen, Birgit; Herzschuh, Ulrike (2017): Aquatic macrophyte dynamics in Lake Karakul (Eastern Pamir) over the last 29 cal ka revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA and geochemical analyses of macrofossil remains. Journal of Paleolimnology, 58(3), 403-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-017-9986-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Due to methodological challenges there are only a few studies that focus on macrophyte dynamics in large lakes despite their notable role in a lake's ecosystem functioning. This study investigates composition and productivity changes of the submerged vegetation of Lake Karakul, Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan), using sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding and elemental (C/N) and isotopic (d13C, d15N) measurements of Stuckenia cf. pamirica ((Baagøe) Z.Kaplan; Potamogetonaceae) leaf remains. No Stuckenia cf. pamirica leaf remains were found for 28.7 to 26.1 cal ka BP, when both Potamogetonaceae and Chara (L.) DNA sequences were recorded, suggesting sparse submerged vegetation at the coring site. This agrees with the inference of a deep lake reached using geochemical proxies. From 26.1 to 17.5 cal ka BP a few macrophyte remains and high numbers of Potamogetonaceae sequences were recovered: lake level was probably low, as suggested by other studies on the lake. Another phase of increased numbers of Chara sequences and the absence of Stuckenia cf. pamirica leaf remains was found between 17.5 and 12.2 cal ka BP, which coincides with a lake-level transgression at Lake Karakul as indicated by paleo-shoreline investigations. Analyses of macrophyte remains reveal intermediate paleo-productivity from 6.9 cal ka BP and high paleo-productivity from 2.2 cal ka BP onwards. From comparisons with other studies, we suggest that lake-level changes are the main driver for the submerged vegetation composition and productivity at the coring site in Lake Karakul and underline our conclusions by depicting the present-day distribution of Stuckenia cf. pamirica and Chara within the lake.
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; AWI_PerDyn; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Ancient DNA dataset, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs of four permafrost cores hand-pieces, Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard; Raschke, Elena; Epp, Laura Saskia; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosmarie; Schirrmeister, Lutz; Schwamborn, Georg; Herzschuh, Ulrike (2017): The History of Tree and Shrub Taxa on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago) since the Last Interglacial Uncovered by Sedimentary Ancient DNA and Pollen Data. Genes, 8(10), 273, https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8100273
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: has to submitted by author
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; AWI_PerDyn; AWI_Perma; Permafrost Research; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 6 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Population genetics analyses of larch tree stands in north-central Siberia (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kruse, Stefan; Epp, Laura Saskia; Wieczorek, Mareike; Pestryakova, Luidmila A; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosmarie; Herzschuh, Ulrike (2018): High gene flow and complex treeline dynamics of Larix Mill. stands on the Taymyr Peninsula (north-central Siberia) revealed by nuclear microsatellites. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 14(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-018-1235-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Arctic treelines are facing a strong temperature increase as a result of recent global warming, causing possible changes in forest extent, which will alter vegetation-climate feedbacks. However, the mode and strength of the response is rather unclear, as potential changes are happening in areas that are very remote and difficult to access, and empirical data are still largely lacking. Here, we assessed the current population structure and genetic differentiation of Larix Mill. tree stands within the northernmost latitudinal treeline reaching ~72° N in the southern lowlands of the Taymyr Peninsula (~100° E). We sampled 743 individuals belonging to different height classes (seedlings, saplings, trees) at eleven locations along a gradient from 'single tree' tundra over 'forest line' to 'dense forest' stands and conducted investigations applying eight highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites. Results suggest a high diversity within subpopulations (HE=0.826-0.893), coupled, however, with heterozygote deficits in all subpopulations, but pronounced in 'forest line' stands. Overall, genetic differentiation of subpopulations is low (FST=0.005), indicating a region-wide high gene flow, although 'forest line' stands harbour few rare and private alleles, likely indicating greater local reproduction. 'Single tree' stands, located beyond the northern forest line, are currently not involved in treeline expansion, but show signs of a long-term refuge, namely asexual reproduction and change of growth-form from erect to creeping growth, possibly having persisted for thousands of years. The lack of differentiation between the subpopulations points to a sufficiently high dispersal potential, and thus a rapid northward migration of the Siberian arctic treeline under recent global warming seems potentially unconstrained, but observations show it to be unexpectedly slow.
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Hydrology of Lakes sampled during Expedition Keperveem 2016, Chukotka, Russia (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute - Research Unit Potsdam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: 16-KP-01-L01; 16-KP-01-L02-A; 16-KP-01-L02-B; 16-KP-01-L03; 16-KP-01-L04; 16-KP-01-L05; 16-KP-02-L06; 16-KP-02-L07; 16-KP-02-L08; 16-KP-02-L09; 16-KP-02-L11; 16-KP-02-L12; 16-KP-02-L13; 16-KP-02-L14; 16-KP-02-L15; 16-KP-02-L16; 16-KP-02-L17; 16-KP-02-L18; 16-KP-02-L19; 16-KP-02-L20; 16-KP-02-L21; 16-KP-02-L22; 16-KP-03-L10; Alkalinity, total; AWI_Envi; AWI_PerDyn; AWI Arctic Land Expedition; Comment of event; Conductivity; Date/Time of event; Depth, bathymetric, maximum; DEPTH, water; Depth of Secchi Disk; Elevation of event; Event label; Illerney; Keperveem_2016; Lake type; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Oxidation reduction (RedOx) potential; Oxygen; Oxygen saturation; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI; pH; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; RU-Land_2016_Keperveem; Size; Temperature, water; Tschukotka, Sibiria, Russia; Vegetation type; Water sampler, UWITEC; WSUWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 280 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Population genetics analyses of larch tree stands in north-central Siberia (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: AWI_Envi; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; Taymyr_peninsula
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 659.4 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
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