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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVOLUTION OF THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 33 (2005), S. 369-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Stable cratons and stable continental platforms are salient features of the Earth. Mantle xenoliths provide detailed data on deep structure. Cratonal lithosphere is about 200 km thick. It formed in the Archean by processes analogous to modern tectonics and has been stable beneath the larger cratons since that time. Its high viscosity, high yield strength, and chemical buoyancy protected it from being entrained by underlying stagnant lid convection and by subduction. Chemically buoyant mantle does not underlie platforms. Platform lithosphere has gradually thickened with time as convection waned as the Earth's interior cooled. The thermal contraction associated with this thickening causes platforms to subside relative to cratons. At present, the thickness of platform lithosphere is comparable to that of cratonal lithosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122643
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVOLUTION OF THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 33 (2005), S. 369-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Stable cratons and stable continental platforms are salient features of the Earth. Mantle xenoliths provide detailed data on deep structure. Cratonal lithosphere is about 200 km thick. It formed in the Archean by processes analogous to modern tectonics and has been stable beneath the larger cratons since that time. Its high viscosity, high yield strength, and chemical buoyancy protected it from being entrained by underlying stagnant lid convection and by subduction. Chemically buoyant mantle does not underlie platforms. Platform lithosphere has gradually thickened with time as convection waned as the Earth's interior cooled. The thermal contraction associated with this thickening causes platforms to subside relative to cratons. At present, the thickness of platform lithosphere is comparable to that of cratonal lithosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122643
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophysics: Contraction and stretching in basin formation (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 308 (1984), S. 771-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BASINS on the continental shelves of passive (or Atlantic) margins and platform basins within the continental interior are generally a few hundred kilometres wide and contain several kilometres of nearly flat-lying sediments. The processes under lying the deposition of these sediments have been the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308771a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogeochemistry Oxygenating the atmosphere (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We usually give little thought to the air we breathe. Yet the Earth's atmosphere was not always as rich in oxygen as it is today. Oxygen now constitutes about 20% of the gas in the atmosphere, but before about 2,500 million years ago it was only a trace constituent. Writing in the new journal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35066664
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earth science Kinks and circuits (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 151-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] More than thirty years have passed since the advent of the theory of plate tectonics. Rigid plates and the narrow, deformable boundaries dividing them explain much of the action on the Earth's surface. Plumes of hot material rising from great depth in the mantle are thought to feed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/430151a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re–Os isotopic evidence for long-lived heterogeneity and equilibration processes in the Earth's upper mantle (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 705-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The geochemical composition of the Earth's upper mantle is thought to reflect 4.5 billion years of melt extraction, as well as the recycling of crustal materials. The fractionation of rhenium and osmium during partial melting in the upper mantle makes the Re–Os isotopic system well ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01067
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wayward plume? (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 378 (1995), S. 19-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PLATE tectonics accounts neatly for the commonest types of volcanism on the Earth - the mid-ocean ridges that pro-duce new ocean crust, and the chains of volcanoes that lie behind deep-sea trench-es where one plate is subducted beneath another. But what of the more localized volcanism that either ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378019a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical conditions on early earth: Implications for the origin of life (1986)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 16 (1986), S. 179-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421968
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Top-down convection (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 366 (1993), S. 410-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MANY natural systems involve cooling of an initially hot, nearly isothermal fluid from the top down. For example, lava lakes and magma chambers are often cooled by proximity to the Earth's sur-face, and the oceanic lithosphere cools downward as it spreads away from the mid-ocean-ridge axis. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366410b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upwelling beneath ocean ridges (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 366 (1993), S. 635-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A KEY aspect of the theory of plate tectonics is the formation of oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges. Originally, this process was envisaged to occur by extension over a broad area, hence the term sea-floor spreading1. With the benefit of high-resolution data, it has become evident that the basaltic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366635a0
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