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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate change in the North Pacific region over the past three centuries (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 420 (2002), S. 401-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The relatively short length of most instrumental climate records restricts the study of climate variability, and it is therefore essential to extend the record into the past with the help of proxy data. Only since the late 1940s have atmospheric data been available that are sufficient in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01229
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 152-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Open-ocean deep convection, one of the processes by which deep waters of the world's oceans are formed, is restricted to a small number of locations (for example, the Mediterranean and Labrador seas). Recently, the southwest Irminger Sea has been suggested as an additional location for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01729
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological Studies of the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have investigated this possibility by using the supravital staining technique and a divisive procedure (the separation of a large group into smaller ones) for evaluating the results. Although this staining technique has been largely discredited as a means for identifying blood cells5, our ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216491a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects and pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered dichloroacetate in humans (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Dichloroacetate ; pharmacokinetics ; lactate ; lactic acidosis ; alanine ; glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dichloroacetate decreases plasma glucose, lactate, and alanine concentrations in normal and diabetic subjects, and lowers lactate concentrations and increases survival in animals with experimentally induced lactic acidosis. The relationship between these effects and plasma dichloroacetate concentrations have not been previously studied in man. Dichloroacetate (1–50 mg/kg) was infused over 30 min to 16 healthy subjects and plasma drug concentrations were followed by gas chromatography over the next 8 h. Peak plasma concentrations were linearly related to the dose (r = 0.98, p〈0.001) up to 30 mg/kg, above which 4 of 7 subjects had disproportionately high plasma drug concentrations. Nonlinear disposition was also indicated by the convex decreasing plasma elimination curves; levels declining less rapidly initially than later. At plasma concentrations below 10 μg/ml, elimination was monoexponential with a half-life of 32±11 min (mean±SD). Plasma drug clearance also decreased with doses greater than 20 mg/kg. Within 2 h of administration of the maximally effective dichloroacetate dose of 35 mg/kg, plasma lactate concentrations fell 75% below baseline and alanine fell 50% below baseline, while blood glucose was unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421855
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Multicentennial record of Labrador Sea primary productivity and sea-ice variability archived in coralline algal barium (2017)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Communications, 8 (15543).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Accelerated warming and melting of Arctic sea-ice has been associated with significant increases in phytoplankton productivity in recent years. Here, utilizing a multiproxy approach, we reconstruct an annually resolved record of Labrador Sea productivity related to sea-ice variability in Labrador, Canada that extends well into the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1646 AD). Barium-to-calcium ratios (Ba/Ca) and carbon isotopes (δ13C) measured in long-lived coralline algae demonstrate significant correlations to both observational and proxy records of sea-ice variability, and show persistent patterns of co-variability broadly consistent with the timing and phasing of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Results indicate reduced productivity in the Subarctic Northwest Atlantic associated with AMO cool phases during the LIA, followed by a step-wise increase from 1910 to present levels—unprecedented in the last 363 years. Increasing phytoplankton productivity is expected to fundamentally alter marine ecosystems as warming and freshening is projected to intensify over the coming century.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15543
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    The Role of Wave Dynamics and Small-Scale Topography for Downslope Wind Events in Southeast Greenland (2015)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 72 (7). pp. 2786-2805.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-08
    Description: In Ammassalik, in southeast Greenland, downslope winds can reach hurricane intensity and represent a hazard for the local population and environment. They advect cold air down the ice sheet and over the Irminger Sea, where they drive large ocean–atmosphere heat fluxes over an important ocean convection region. Earlier studies have found them to be associated with a strong katabatic acceleration over the steep coastal slopes, flow convergence inside the valley of Ammassalik, and—in one instance—mountain wave breaking. Yet, for the general occurrence of strong downslope wind events, the importance of mesoscale processes is largely unknown. Here, two wind events—one weak and one strong—are simulated with the atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with different model and topography resolutions, ranging from 1.67 to 60 km. For both events, but especially for the strong one, it is found that lower resolutions underestimate the wind speed because they misrepresent the steepness of the topography and do not account for the underlying wave dynamics. If a 5-km model instead of a 60-km model resolution in Ammassalik is used, the flow associated with the strong wind event is faster by up to 20 m s−1. The effects extend far downstream over the Irminger Sea, resulting in a diverging spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the heat fluxes. Local differences in the heat fluxes amount to 20%, with potential implications for ocean convection.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0257.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Trend and interannual variability in southeast Greenland Sea Ice: Impacts on coastal Greenland climate variability (2014)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (23). pp. 8619-8626.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-08
    Description: We describe the recent occurrence of a region of diminished sea ice cover or “notch” offshore of the Kangerdlugssuaq Fiord, the site of the largest tidewater glacier along Greenland's southeast coast. The notch's location is consistent with a topographically forced flux of warm water toward the fiord, and the decrease of the sea ice cover is shown to be associated with a regional warming of the upper ocean that began in the mid‐1990s. Sea ice in the vicinity of the notch also exhibits interannual variability that is shown to be associated with a seesaw in surface temperature and sea ice between southeast and northeast Greenland that is not describable solely in terms of the North Atlantic Oscillation. We therefore argue that other modes of atmospheric variability, including the Lofoten Low, are required to fully document the changes to the climate that are occurring along Greenland's east coast.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062107
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Strong Downslope Wind Events in Ammassalik, Southeast Greenland (2014)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Climate, 27 (3). pp. 977-993.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-08
    Description: Ammassalik in southeast Greenland is known for strong wind events that can reach hurricane intensity and cause severe destruction in the local town. Yet, these winds and their impact on the nearby fjord and shelf region have not been studied in detail. Here, data from two meteorological stations and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) are used to identify and characterize these strong downslope wind events, which are especially pronounced at a major east Greenland fjord, Sermilik Fjord, within Ammassalik. Their local and regional characteristics, their dynamics and their impacts on the regional sea ice cover, and air–sea fluxes are described. Based on a composite of the events it is concluded that wind events last for approximately a day, and seven to eight events occur each winter. Downslope wind events are associated with a deep synoptic-scale cyclone between Iceland and Greenland. During the events, cold dry air is advected down the ice sheet. The downslope flow is accelerated by gravitational acceleration, flow convergence inside the Ammassalik valley, and near the coast by an additional thermal and synoptic-scale pressure gradient acceleration. Wind events are associated with a large buoyancy loss over the Irminger Sea, and it is estimated that they drive one-fifth of the net wintertime loss. Also, the extreme winds drive sea ice out of the fjord and away from the shelf.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00067.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    North Pacific twentieth century decadal-scale variability is unique for the past 342 years (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 44 (8). pp. 3761-3769.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) derived from Mg/Ca measurements in nine encrusting coralline algal skeletons from the Aleutian archipelago in the northernmost Pacific Ocean reveal an overall increase in SST from 1665 to 2007. In the Aleutian SST reconstruction, decadal-scale variability is a transient feature present during the 1700s and early 1800s and then fully emerging post-1950. SSTs vary coherently with available instrument records of cyclone variance and vacillate in and out of coherence with multicentennial Pacific Northwest drought reconstructions as a response to SST-driven alterations of storm tracks reaching North America. These results indicate that an influence of decadal-scale variability on the North Pacific storm tracks only became apparent during the midtwentieth century. Furthermore, what has been assumed as natural variability in the North Pacific, based on twentieth century instrumental data, is not consistent with the long-term natural variability evident in reconstructed SSTs predating the anthropogenic influence.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073138
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Rapid Cooling and Increased Storminess Triggered by Freshwater in the North Atlantic (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Recent winters have been unique due to the rapid and extreme cooling of the subpolar North Atlantic. Here, we present a novel view on its causes and consequences. Combining in-situ observations with remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis data, we show that increased freshening of the subpolar region gives rise to a faster surface cooling in fall and winter. Large freshwater events, in particular, result in pronounced cold anomalies with sharp temperature gradients that promote an enhanced storminess. The storms reinforce the cooling by driving stronger heat losses and modulating the surface flow. Consistent with this mechanism, past freshwater events have been followed by cold anomalies in winter of approximately −2°C and increases in the North Atlantic Oscillation index of up to ∼0.6 within 3 years. We expect that future freshwater discharges into the North Atlantic will amplify the cold anomaly and trigger an enhanced wintertime storminess with far-reaching climatic implications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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