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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms : Proceedings of the 31st European Marine Biology Symposium, Held in St. Petersburg, Russia, 9-13 September 1996. (1997)
    Dordrecht :Springer Netherlands,
    Details
    Keywords: Marine organisms-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Proceedings of the 31st European Marine Biology Symposium, held in St. Petersburg, Russia 9-13 September 1996.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (164 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789401719070
    Series Statement: Developments in Hydrobiology Series ; v.121
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6863723
    DDC: 578.77
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
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    Macroecology of the European soft sediment benthos: insights from the Macroben database (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Ecology Progress Series 382:, pp. 287-296
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Macroecology provides a novel conceptual framework for analysis of the distribution and abundance of organisms at very large scales. Its rapid development in recent years has been driven primarily by studies of terrestrial taxa; the vast potential of marine systems to contribute to the macroecological research effort remains largely untapped. International collaborative efforts such as MarBEF have provided fresh impetus to the collation of regional databases of species occurrences, such as the newly available MacroBen database of the European soft sediment benthic fauna. Here, we provide a first macroecological summary of this unique database. We show that in common with almost all previously analysed assemblages, the frequency distribution of regional site occupancies across species in the MacroBen database is strongly right-skewed. More unusually, this right skew remains under logarithmic transformation. There is little evidence for any major differences between higher taxa in this frequency distribution (based on the 8 animal classes for which we have sufficient data). Indeed, considerable variation in occupancy persisted across the taxonomic hierarchy, such that most variation occurred between species within genera. There was a weak positive relationship between local population density and regional occupancy across species, but this abundanceoccupancy relationship varied considerably between higher taxa and between geographical areas. Our results highlight the potential of databases such as MacroBen to consolidate macroecological generalities and to test emerging theory.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Is benthic food web structure related to diversity of macrobenthic communities? (2012)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Elsevier, 108, pp. 76-86
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Biological geography of the European seas: results from the MacroBen database (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Ecology Progress Series 382:, pp. 265-278
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: This study examines whether or not biogeographical and/or managerial divisions across the European seas can be validated using soft-bottom macrobenthic community data. The faunal groups used were: all macrobenthos groups, polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, sipunculans and the last 5 groups combined. In order to test the discriminating power of these groups, 3 criteria were used: (1) proximity, which refers to the expected closer faunal resemblance of adjacent areas relative to more distant ones; (2) randomness, which in the present context is a measure of the degree to which the inventories of the various sectors, provinces or regions may in each case be considered as a random sample of the inventory of the next largest province or region in a hierarchy of geographic scales; and (3) differentiation, which provides a measure of the uniqueness of the pattern. Results show that only polychaetes fulfill all 3 criteria and that the only marine biogeographic system supported by the analyses is the one proposed by Longhurst (1998). Energy fluxes and other interactions between the planktonic and benthic domains, acting over evolutionary time scales, can be associated with the multivariate pattern derived from the macrobenthos datasets. Third-stage multidimensional scaling ordination reveals that polychaetes produce a unique pattern when all systems are under consideration. Average island distance from the nearest coast, number of islands and the island surface area were the geographic variables best correlated with the community patterns produced by polychaetes. Biogeographic patterns suggest a vicariance model dominating over the founder-dispersal model except for the semi-closed regional seas, where a model substantially modified from the second option could be supported.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in genetic traits of the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from a tidal gradient in the subarctic (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1998), S. 342-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a subarctic tidal gradient, strong heterogeneity in genetic traits of the Baltic clam Macoma balthica was found. The heterogeneity was stronger within the intertidal gradient, over a distance of only about 60 m, than along a horizontal gradient over a distance of 1200 km in clams from the west European coast. For the locus Idh1 and the average heterozygosity, a tidal cline was found. The frequency of allele Idh1-B decreased with tidal level, whereas the frequency of allele Idh1-C, as well as the average heterozygosity, increased. The possibility is discussed that the strong genetic heterogeneity and tidal clines are caused by differential selection related to the (subarctic) temperatures to which the higher tidal zones are more exposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050256
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The concomitant existence of a typical coastal and a detritus food chain in the Westerschelde estuary (1988)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 22 (1988), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Westerschelde ; estuarine food chains ; detritus ; brackish tidal zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Until now studies of the aquatic ecology of the Westerschelde estuary have been erratic. Yet, from the results of a literature research some structural aspects of the ecosystems in the Westerschelde could be derived. Clear gradients could be found from the river to the sea for the abiotic as well as for the biotic features of the estuary. On the basis of the available quantitative data 2 tentative food chains were distinguished; a mainly detritus-based food chain in the upstream brackish part and a coastal food chain in the downstream seaward part. The centre of the area of the detritus food chain coincided with the zone of a turbidity maximum at the interface of salt and fresh water. This food chain is characterized by a low primary production but a year-round high concentration of suspended organic matter. The suspended organic matter consists of aggregates of detritus and bacteria. The zooplankton as well as the zoobenthos can reach high biomasses. The coastal food chain is mainly based on a seasonally chainging high primary production. The diversity of flora and fauna in this system is much higher than in the detritus food chain, although the biomass can be lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02256780
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the level of oxygenation in sediment and water on copper bioavailability to marine bivalves: laboratory experiments and translocation experiments in the field (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 373-374 (1998), S. 297-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: bivalves ; oxygen ; condition ; copper ; bioavailability ; translocation ; sediment ; silt fraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of differences in the level of oxygenation of sediment or water on the condition and copper content of two bivalves, the Baltic clam Macoma balthica and the cockle Cerastoderma edule, were assessed. Specimens from four intertidal flats in the Netherlands and France were compared, translocated and exposed to different levels of oxygen in the laboratory. Cockles showed no significant differences in condition and copper content between animals from light (= more oxygenated) and dark (= less oxygenated) sediments. Baltic clams also showed no differences in condition, but the clams had a higher copper content (concentration as well as body burden) in dark than in light sediments. During the translocation experiments no significant changes occurred. In the laboratory experiments the level of oxygen had no effect on the condition or copper content of the Baltic clam. The only factor affecting the copper content of Baltic clams was the addition of copper to the water or sediment. The copper, organic carbon and silt fraction (〈 16 µm) was higher in dark sediments than in light sediments. The copper content in the sediment was positively related to the silt and organic carbon content. We argue that the relation between coloration (= degree of oxygenation) of sediments and the copper content of Baltic clams could be indirect: due to a higher silt fraction and/or organic content at some places on a tidal flat, these places are more hypoxic and therefore darker, whereas simultaneously these places have a higher copper concentration because of more copper-complexing sites (and surface), whereby the higher copper concentration in the sediment relates to a higher copper concentration in the clams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017015504106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of prolonged emersion and submersion by tidal manipulation on marine macrobenthos (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 282-283 (1994), S. 219-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: tidal manipulation ; effects of emersion ; submersion ; marine macrozoobenthos ; Oosterschelde estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of tidal manipulation, resulting in prolonged periods of emersion and submersion or in protracted tidal cycles, on estuarine benthic animals are reviewed. Prolonged submersion periods did not show effects on mortality of most benthic animals tested, with the exception of the crumb-of-bread sponge Halichondrea panicea, which, at low water-flow rates, was covered with a layer of bacteria and subsequently died. Protracted low-water periods of 18 hours during several weeks hardly caused any mortality. However, protracted low-water periods of 30 hours during some weeks or emersion during several days caused a strong increase in mortality, depending on: the duration of emersion, temperature, condition of the animals, species and age. At temperatures below −1 °C and above 24 °C mortality was generally high. Animals with a low glycogen content were more sensitive to emersion than those with a high content. Species with a shell and those that are relatively big were less sensitive than those without a shell or of small size. The reproductive cycle of benthic animals could be delayed or accelerated by both emersion and submersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024632
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity to stress in the bivalve Macoma balthica from the most northern (Arctic) to the most southern (French) populations: low sensitivity in Arctic populations because of genetic adaptations? (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 355 (1997), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arctic ; adaptation ; copper ; distribution limit ; genetics ; geographic cline ; Macoma balthica ; stress sensitivity ; survival in air
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stress sensitivity, determined in copper exposureexperiments and in survival in air tests, and thegenetic structure, measured by means of isoenzymeelectrophoresis, were assessed in populations of theBaltic clam Macoma balthica (L.) from itssouthern to its northern distribution limit, in orderto test the hypotheses that near the distributionlimit the clams would be more stress sensitive andwould have a lower genetic variability. Thepopulations in west and north Europe show a stronggenetic resemblance. The populations in the sub-ArcticWhite Sea are genetically slightly different, and showa low stress sensitivity. The populations in theArctic Pechora Sea are genetically very distant fromthe other populations, and show the lowest stresssensitivity. Near the southern distribution limit, inagreement with the hypotheses, genetic variability islow and stress sensitivity high. On the other hand, incontrast to expectation, near the northerndistribution limit, in the populations of the PechoraSea, the genetic variability was higher, thus notreduced, and the stress sensitivity was low comparedto all other populations. Yet, it remains a questionif such is due to gradual physiologicalacclimatization (and ongoing differential selection)or to genetic adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003009524563
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
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    Geographic patterns of biodiversity in European coastal marine benthos (2017)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 97 (3). pp. 507-523.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-21
    Description: Within the COST action EMBOS (European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System) the degree and variation of the diversity and densities of soft-bottom communities from the lower intertidal or the shallow subtidal was measured at 28 marine sites along the European coastline (Baltic, Atlantic, Mediterranean) using jointly agreed and harmonized protocols, tools and indicators. The hypothesis tested was that the diversity for all taxonomic groups would decrease with increasing latitude. The EMBOS system delivered accurate and comparable data on the diversity and densities of the soft sediment macrozoobenthic community over a large-scale gradient along the European coastline. In contrast to general biogeographic theory, species diversity showed no linear relationship with latitude, yet a bell-shaped relation was found. The diversity and densities of benthos were mostly positively correlated with environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, mud and organic matter content in sediment, or wave height, and related with location characteristics such as system type (lagoons, estuaries, open coast) or stratum (intertidal, subtidal). For some relationships, a maximum (e.g. temperature from 15–20°C; mud content of sediment around 40%) or bimodal curve (e.g. salinity) was found. In lagoons the densities were twice higher than in other locations, and at open coasts the diversity was much lower than in other locations. We conclude that latitudinal trends and regional differences in diversity and densities are strongly influenced by, i.e. merely the result of, particular sets and ranges of environmental factors and location characteristics specific to certain areas, such as the Baltic, with typical salinity clines (favouring insects) and the Mediterranean, with higher temperatures (favouring crustaceans). Therefore, eventual trends with latitude are primarily indirect and so can be overcome by local variation of environmental factors.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1017/S0025315416001119
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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