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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: Slow-sinking particles were sampled using the Marine Snow Catcher (MSC). For a full description of the MSC and flux calculations see Riley et al. (2012). The MSC was deployed at four depths between 50 - 650 m during four visit at Stations 1 (63°3' N 11°0' W) and three visits at Station 2 (62°5' N 2°3' W) to obtain depth profiles of slow-sinking material. The MSC was further deployed at 50 m during two visits at Station 3 (60°2' N 1°0' E). A total of 33 MSC were deployed. Slow-sinking particles were analysed for particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), biogenic silica (BSi), and Chlorophyll a (total, 〉10 µm).
    Keywords: Basin Scale Analysis, Synthesis and Integration; Biogenic silica; Calcium; Carbon, organic, particulate; Chlorophyll a, total; Date/Time of event; Deep Convection Cruise; DEPTH, water; EURO-BASIN; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; M87/1_415-1; M87/1_423-1; M87/1_432-1; M87/1_439-1; M87/1_451-1; M87/1_462-1; M87/1_486-1; M87/1_495-1; M87/1_503-1; M87/1_504-1; M87/1_507-1; M87/1_526-1; M87/1_533-1; M87/1_539-1; M87/1_548-1; M87/1_561-1; M87/1_568-1; M87/1_576-1; M87/1_580-1; M87/1_585-1; M87/1_620-1; M87/1_626-1; M87/1_636-1; M87/1_639-1; M87/1_644-1; M87/1_653-1; M87/1_668-1; M87/1_670-1; M87/1_674-1; M87/1_677-1; M87/1_685-1; M87/1_691-1; M87/1_698-1; M87/1a; M87/1b; Marine snow catcher; Meteor (1986); MSC; MSC-1-1; MSC-1-10; MSC-1-11; MSC-1-12; MSC-1-13; MSC-1-14; MSC-1-15; MSC-1-16; MSC-1-17; MSC-1-2; MSC-1-3; MSC-1-4; MSC-1-5; MSC-1-6; MSC-1-7; MSC-1-8; MSC-1-9; MSC-2-1; MSC-2-10; MSC-2-2; MSC-2-3; MSC-2-4; MSC-2-5; MSC-2-6; MSC-2-7; MSC-2-8; MSC-2-9; MSC-3-1; MSC-3-2; MSC-3-3; MSC-3-4; MSC-3-5; MSC-3-6; Nitrogen, particulate; Sample comment; Sodium; Strontium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1130 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Acoustic backscatter data were collected at five frequencies (18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 kHz) across two visits to site P3 (P3A, P3B), South Georgia, aboard the RRS Discovery during DY086. Acoustic backscatter was measured with a Simrad EK60. The data consistently shows no evidence of synchronised diel vertical migration (Cook et al. 2023).
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; biological carbon pump; COMICS; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; Date/Time of event; Date/Time of event 2; DEPTH, water; Discovery (2013); DY086; DY086_EK60_P3A; DY086_EK60_P3B; Echo backscatter; Echosounder, Simrad, EK60; Event label; fluxes; Frequency; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; marine biogeochemistry; Site; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Time of day
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5760 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Meteorological data were collected across three visits to site P3 during COMICS cruise DY086 aboard the RRS Discovery in November and December, 2017. Measurements included: air pressure, temperature and humidity; solar and photosynthetically active radiation at both Port and Starboard sides. Data were provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the National Environment Research Council. BODC advised that the ship's anemometer shows inconsistencies and so data from the instrument were not included.
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; 74EQ20171115-track; ALTITUDE; Barometer, Vaisala, PTB 210; biological carbon pump; COMICS; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; CT; DATE/TIME; Discovery (2013); DY086; fluxes; Humidity, relative; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; marine biogeochemistry; PAR sensor, Two Skye Instruments, SKE510; Potential incoming solar radiation; Pressure, atmospheric; Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, CM6B; Radiation, photosynthetically active; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Temperature, air; Temperature and humidity sensor, Vaisala, HMP; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 155589 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Discrete measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration and flux were made on the RRS Discovery during COMICS cruise DY086 at site P3 in the South Atlantic from November to December, 2017 (Giering et al. 2023). Data is from a variety of equipment including marine snow catchers, neutrally-buoyant sediment traps (PELAGRA) and a stand-alone pump system. Marine snow catchers settled on-deck for 2 hours. Slow sinking particles were collected from the base and fast sinking particles were collected from the tray. These data were used along with bottle POC data to calibrate glider backscatter data from the GOCART project.
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; biological carbon pump; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, flux; COMICS; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Discovery (2013); DY086; DY086_MSC006; DY086_MSC007; DY086_MSC010; DY086_MSC015; DY086_MSC016; DY086_MSC019; DY086_MSC020; DY086_MSC022; DY086_MSC027; DY086_MSC028; DY086_MSC029; DY086_MSC034; DY086_MSC035; DY086_MSC036; DY086_MSC037; DY086_MSC038; DY086_MSC039; DY086_MSC040; DY086_MSC061; DY086_MSC062; DY086_MSC063; DY086_MSC067; DY086_MSC068; DY086_MSC069; DY086_MSC071; DY086_MSC072; DY086_MSC076; DY086_MSC077; DY086_MSC078; DY086_MSC079; DY086_MSC081; DY086_MSC082; DY086_MSC083; DY086_MSC084; DY086_MSC093; DY086_MSC094; DY086_MSC099; DY086_MSC100; DY086_MSC101; DY086_MSC103; DY086_MSC104; DY086_MSC105; DY086_MSC106; DY086_MSC111; DY086_MSC112; DY086_MSC113; DY086_MSC114; DY086_MSC125; DY086_MSC126; DY086_MSC127; DY086_MSC128; DY086_Pelagra006; DY086_Pelagra007; DY086_Pelagra008; DY086_Pelagra009; DY086_Pelagra010; DY086_Pelagra011; DY086_Pelagra012; DY086_Pelagra013; DY086_Pelagra014; DY086_Pelagra015; DY086_Pelagra016; DY086_Pelagra017; DY086_Pelagra018; DY086_Pelagra019; DY086_Pelagra020; DY086_Pelagra021; DY086_Pelagra022; DY086_Pelagra023; DY086_Pelagra024; DY086_Pelagra025; DY086_Pelagra026; DY086_Pelagra027; DY086_Pelagra028; DY086_Pelagra029; DY086_Pelagra030; DY086_Pelagra031; DY086_Pelagra032; DY086_Pelagra033; DY086_Pelagra034; DY086_Pelagra035; DY086_Pelagra036; DY086_Pelagra037; DY086_Pelagra038; DY086_SAPS001; DY086_SAPS002; DY086_SAPS003; DY086_SAPS004; DY086_SAPS005; Event label; fluxes; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; marine biogeochemistry; Marine snow catcher; MSC; PELAGRA; SAPS; Site; Stand-alone pumps; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Trap, sediment, drifting
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 366 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Data derived from net catches for zooplankton and micronekton during the COMICS cruise DY086 in November to December, 2017. Raw catch counts and biomass measurements have been used alongside published values to provide biomass, respiration and ingestion data between 0 and 500 metres depth (Belcher et al. 2022, Cook et al. 2023, Stowasser et al. 2020). Data values are from multiple net deployments and the number of deployments for each value are provided in the dataset. Bongo, Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) and Rectangular Midwater Trawl (RMT) nets collected small (100 μm mesh; day only), medium (330 μm mesh; day and night) and large (4000 μm mesh; day and night) samples, respectively.
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; biological carbon pump; biology; BONGO; Bongo net; Calculated; COMICS; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; Date/Time of event; Date/Time of event 2; DEPTH, water; Depth, water, bottom/maximum; Depth, water, top/minimum; Discovery (2013); DY086; DY086_Bongo_P3A; DY086_Bongo_P3B; DY086_Bongo_P3C; DY086_MOCNESS_P3B; DY086_MOCNESS_P3C; DY086_RMT_P3A; DY086_RMT_P3B; DY086_RMT_P3C; Event label; fluxes; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; marine biogeochemistry; Mean values; MOC; MOCNESS opening/closing plankton net; Rectangular midwater trawl; RMT; Run Number; Runs; Site; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Time of day; Zooplankton and micronekton, biomass as carbon; Zooplankton and micronekton, ingestion rate as carbon; Zooplankton and micronekton, respiration rate as carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 500 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Physical, chemical and biogeochemical measurements derived from CTD-rosette deployments during three visits to site P3 (November to December, 2017) in the South Atlantic. Measurements were made during COMICS cruise DY086 on the RRS Discovery using a trace metal free Titanium Rosette (events 4, 7, 15, 19, 24, 26, 29) and a Stainless Steel Rosette (all other events). Physical parameters include temperature, salinity, density, photosynthetically active radiation and turbulence; chemical parameters include dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation, nitrate, phosphate and silicate; biogeochemical parameters include turbidity, beam transmittance, beam attenuation, fluorescence, particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll-a, net primary productivity (NPP), ambient leucine assimilation and bacterial cell count. To determine turbulence, a downward facing lowered acoustic doppler current profiler (LADCP, Teledyne Workhorse Monitor 300 kHz ADCP) was attached to the CTD frame. Shear and strain, which are obtained from velocity and density measurements, were used to estimate the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and the diapycnal eddy diffusivity from a fine-scale parameterisation. Estimates are calculated by parameterising internal wave-wave interactions and assuming that wave breaking modulates turbulent mixing. A detailed description of the method for calculating diffusivity from LADCP and CTD can be found in Kunze et al. (2006). Two datasets with different vertical resolutions were produced: one in which the shear is integrated from 150 to 300 m and the strain over 20-150 m, and one in which the shear is integrated from 70 to 200 m and the strain over 30-200 m. Nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) were determined via colourimetric analysis (see cruise report, Giering and Sanders, 2019), POC was determined as described in Giering et al. (2023), DOC and DOC flux were determined as described in Lovecchio et al. (2023), NPP was determined as described in Poulton et al. (2019), and ambient leucine assimilation and bacterial cell count were determined as described in Rayne et al. (2024). Bacterial abundance and leucine assimilation were made from bottle samples of six CTD casts of the stainless-steel rosette. Water was collected at six depths (6 m, deep-chlorophyll maximum, mixed layer depth + 10, 100, 250 and 500 m). Acid-cleaned HDPE carboys and tubing were used for sampling. Samples were then stored in the dark and at in-situ temperature prior to on-board laboratory sample preparation or analysis. Flow cytometry was used to measure bacterial abundance. Room temperature paraformaldehyde was used to fix 1.6 ml samples for 30 minutes. Then, using liquid nitrogen, the samples were flash frozen and stored at -80°C. Samples were then defrosted before being stained using SYBR Green I and run through the flow cytometer (BD FACSort™). The method of Hill et al. (2013) was applied to determine prokaryotic leucine assimilation using L-[4,5-³H] leucine which has a specific activity of 89.3 Ci/mmol­. In the mixed and upper layers of the water column, the protocol in Zubkov et al. (2007) was followed. Below the mixed layer, adaptions to the method included reducing the concentration of ³H-Leucine to 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.04 and 0.05 nM; increasing experimental volumes to 30 ml; enhancing incubation times to 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. These adaptions were made to improve accuracy where lower rates of leucine assimilation were expected. Data were provided by the British Oceanographic Data Centre and funded by the National Environment Research Council.
    Keywords: 74EQ20171115; Angular scattering coefficient, 700 nm; Attenuation, optical beam transmission; Bacteria; Barometer, Paroscientific, Digiquartz TC; biological carbon pump; Calculated; Calculated according to UNESCO (1983); Calculation according to Kunze et al. (2006); Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved, flux; Carbon, organic, particulate; Chlorophyll a; Colorimetric analysis; COMICS; Conductivity sensor, SEA-BIRD SBE 4C; Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Discovery (2013); Dissipation rate; Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, Sea-Bird, SBE 43 and SBE 43F; DY086; DY086_CTD002; DY086_CTD003; DY086_CTD004; DY086_CTD005; DY086_CTD006; DY086_CTD007; DY086_CTD008; DY086_CTD009; DY086_CTD010; DY086_CTD015; DY086_CTD016; DY086_CTD017; DY086_CTD018; DY086_CTD019; DY086_CTD020; DY086_CTD021; DY086_CTD022; DY086_CTD023; DY086_CTD024; DY086_CTD026; DY086_CTD027; DY086_CTD028; DY086_CTD029; DY086_CTD030; DY086_CTD031; DY086_CTD032; DY086_CTD033; Eddy diffusivity; Event label; Flow cytometer, Becton Dickinson, FACSort; Fluorometer, Chelsea Instruments, Aquatracka MKIII; fluxes; High Temperature Catalytic Oxidation, Shimadzu TOC-VCPN; LATITUDE; Leucine uptake rate; Liquid scintillation counter, Packard, TRI-CARB 3100TR; LONGITUDE; marine biogeochemistry; Net primary production of carbon; Nitrate; Organic Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Flash 2000; Oxygen; Oxygen saturation; PAR sensor, Biospherical, LI-COR, SN 70510; PAR sensor, Biospherical, LI-COR, SN 70520; Phosphate; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Radioassays, liquid scintillation counting; Salinity; Scattering meter, WET Labs, ECO-BB OBS; Silicate; Site; SUMMER; Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources; Temperature, water; Temperature sensor, SEA-BIRD SBE 3Plus; Transmissometer, WET Labs, C-Star
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 171794 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Optical particle measurements are emerging as an important technique for understanding the ocean carbon cycle, including contributions to estimates of their downward flux, which sequesters carbon dioxide (CO2) in the deep sea. Optical instruments can be used from ships or installed on autonomous platforms, delivering much greater spatial and temporal coverage of particles in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean than traditional techniques, such as sediment traps. Technologies to image particles have advanced greatly over the last two decades, but the quantitative translation of these immense datasets into biogeochemical properties remains a challenge. In particular, advances are needed to enable the optimal translation of imaged objects into carbon content and sinking velocities. In addition, different devices often measure different optical properties, leading to difficulties in comparing results. Here we provide a practical overview of the challenges and potential of using these instruments, as a step toward improvement and expansion of their applications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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