Note: Literaturangaben

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- 1.1 General Description -- 1.2 Global Overturning Circulation -- 1.3 Mechanisms of the Formation of the Deep and Bottom Waters -- 1.4 Classifications of Deep and Bottom Waters in the Atlantic -- 1.5 Upper Circumpolar Water and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water -- 1.6 North Atlantic Deep Water -- 1.7 Lower Circumpolar Water and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, Circumpolar Bottom Water, Southeast Pacific Deep Water, and Warm... -- 1.8 Antarctic Bottom Water -- References -- Chapter 2: General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- 2.1 Propagation of Deep and Bottom Waters as Series of Deep Cataracts -- 2.2 Propagation of Antarctic Waters in the Abyss of the Atlantic -- 2.3 Comparison of Spreading of Water Masses -- References -- Chapter 3: Source Regions -- 3.1 Weddell Sea and Weddell Gyre -- 3.2 Agulhas and Cape Basins -- 3.3 Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, and Georgia Basin -- 3.3.1 General Description and Bottom Topography -- 3.3.2 Deep and Bottom Water Masses and Previous Concepts of Circulation -- 3.3.3 Analysis of Recent Data -- 3.3.3.1 Data of Measurements in the Drake Passage and Methods of Processing -- 3.3.3.2 Depth of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Penetration in the Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.2.1 On Quasi-Zero Transport of Abyssal Waters -- 3.3.3.2.2 Transformation of Circumpolar Bottom Water from the Southeast Pacific Ocean to the Western Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.2.3 Role of the Phoenix, Shackleton, and North Scotia Thresholds in the Formation of the Orographic Barrier for the ACC ... -- 3.3.3.3 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea and Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.3.1 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea. , 3.3.3.3.2 Weddell Sea Deep Water in the South Shetland Trench -- 3.3.3.3.3 Weddell Sea Deep Water West of the Hero Ridge -- 3.3.3.3.4 Quantitative Characteristics of Weddell Sea Deep Water in the Scotia Sea and in the Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.4 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Scotia Sea and Drake Passage -- 3.3.3.4.1 Shackleton and Hero Ridges as Partially Permeable Barriers for Circumpolar Bottom Water -- 3.3.3.4.2 Circumpolar Bottom Water Exchange over the Shackleton Ridge -- 3.3.3.4.3 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Phoenix Basin -- 3.3.3.4.4 Circumpolar Bottom Water in the Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.4.5 Circumpolar Bottom Water North of the Scotia Sea -- 3.3.3.4.6 Quantitative Characteristics of Circumpolar Bottom Water -- 3.3.3.5 Warm Deep Water in the Scotia Sea -- 3.4 Antarctic Bottom Water in the Argentine Basin -- References -- Chapter 4: Exchange Between the Argentine and Brazil Basins -- Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Anta... -- 4.1 General Description -- 4.2 Vema Channel -- 4.2.1 Topography and General Description -- 4.2.2 History of Research and Datasets of Long-Term Observations -- 4.2.3 Deep and Bottom Waters -- 4.2.4 Section Along the Channel -- 4.2.5 Structure of the Flow. Sections Across the Channel -- 4.2.6 Trends in Potential Temperature and Salinity of the Coldest Bottom Water Observed Since 1972 -- 4.2.7 Salinity Variations -- 4.2.8 Flow in the Southern Part of the Channel at the Boundary with the Argentine Basin -- 4.2.9 Moored Observations of Velocities in the Channel -- 4.2.10 Measurements with the Lowered ADCP -- 4.2.11 Extreme Transport Velocities of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Deep-Water Vema Channel -- 4.2.12 Flow of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Vema Channel -- 4.3 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow in the South Atlantic -- 4.4 Modeling of Antarctic Bottom Water Flow Through the Vema Channel. , 4.5 Santos Plateau -- 4.6 Hunter Channel -- References -- Chapter 5: Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- 5.1 Brazil Basin -- 5.2 Flow in the Guiana Basin and Westward Equatorial Channels -- 5.3 North American Basin -- 5.4 Eastward Equatorial Channels. The Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.1 Research History -- 5.4.2 Bottom Topography -- 5.4.3 Hydrography of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.4 Currents in the Eastern Parts of the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.5 Temperature Distributions Along the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones -- 5.4.6 Long-Term Variations in Temperature and Salinity -- 5.4.7 Inflow of Antarctic Bottom Water and Deep Spillway in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.7.1 Description of Data and Data Processing -- 5.4.7.2 Bottom Topography in the Deep Spillway Region -- 5.4.7.3 CTD/LADCP Measurements in the Deep Spillway Region in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.7.4 Deep Spillway at the Entrance to the Romanche Fracture Zone, Structure of Bottom Currents -- 5.4.7.5 Mooring Observations -- 5.4.7.6 Transport of Abyssal Waters in the Deep Spillway Region -- 5.4.7.7 Mixing at the Entrance to the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.8 Summary -- 5.4.9 Abyssal Spillway at the Main Sill in the Chain Fracture Zone -- 5.4.10 Abyssal Spillway at the Nameless Sill of the Romanche Fracture Zone -- 5.4.11 Modeling of the Flow in the Romanche Fracture Zone -- References -- Chapter 6: Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic -- 6.1 Vema Fracture Zone -- 6.1.1 Bottom Topography -- 6.1.2 Measurements -- 6.1.3 Structure of Bottom Flow Based on the Measurements in 2006 -- 6.1.4 Bottom Water Transport Based on the Measurements in 2006 -- 6.1.5 Bottom Flow Through the Vema Fracture Zone Based on the Measurements in 2014-2016. , 6.2 Other Fracture Zones of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge -- 6.2.1 Strakhov Fracture Zone (Four North Fracture Zone) (353′ N) -- 6.2.2 Bogdanov Fracture Zone (710′ N) -- 6.2.3 Nameless Fracture Zone (728′ N) -- 6.2.4 Vernadsky Fracture Zone (749′ N) -- 6.2.5 Doldrums Fracture Zone (8 N) and a Rift Valley South of It -- 6.2.6 Arkhangelsky Fracture Zone (9 N) -- 6.2.7 Ten Degree Fracture Zone (957′ N) -- 6.2.8 Rift Valley South of the Vema Fracture Zone (1021′ N) -- 6.2.9 Marathon Fracture Zone (1240′ N) -- 6.2.10 Fifteen Twenty Fracture Zone (Cabo Verde Fracture Zone) (1516′ N) -- 6.2.11 Kane Fracture Zone (24 N) -- 6.2.12 Pathways and AABW Transport Through the Northern Part of the MAR -- 6.3 Modeling of the Flow Through the Northern MAR -- References -- Chapter 7: Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- 7.1 General Description -- 7.2 Mixing Caused by the Barotropic Tide -- 7.3 Kane Gap -- 7.4 Angola Basin -- References -- Chapter 8: Passages in the East Azores Ridge -- 8.1 General Description -- 8.2 Discovery Gap -- 8.3 Western Gap -- 8.4 Modeling -- References -- Chapter 9: Flows Through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic -- 9.1 Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone -- 9.2 Overflow in the Denmark Strait -- 9.3 Overflow in the Faroe-Shetland Channel -- 9.4 Overflow in the Gibraltar Strait -- 9.5 Gravity Current in the Bear Island Trough -- References -- Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions.