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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chronic glucocorticoid excess or deficiency is associated with hippocampal dysfunction and neuronal death. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydro-genase (11β-OHSD), which catalyses the reversible conversion of corticosterone to inactive 11 -dehydrocorticosterone, regulates glucocorticoid access to receptors in the kidney and liver in vivo. The enzyme is also present in the hippocampus where it might modulate glucocorticoid action. We examined the effects of corticosteroid manipulations on hippocampal and peripheral 11β-OHSD. In the hippocampus, chronic adrenalectomy (10 days) had no effect on 11β-OHSD activity, compared to sham-operated controls. Treatment of adrenalectomized animals with dexamethasone (200 μg/kg.day−1), but not aldosterone (20 μg/kg.day−1), for 10 days significantly increased hippocampal 11β-OHSD activity compared with sham or adrenalectomized rats (22% and 23% rise respectively, P〈0.05). These effects reflect changes in transcription of the liver-type 11β-OHSD gene, with dexamethasone significantly increasing 11β-OHSD mRNA expression in the hippocampus compared with sham or adrenalectomized animals (32% and 70% higher respectively, P〈0.05). In the liver, adrenalectomy significantly reduced 11β-OHSD activity (16% lower), which was restored to sham levels by dexamethasone, but not aldosterone. Similar trends were seen in 11β-OHSD mRNA expression, although these did not reach significance. None of the manipulations altered 11β-OHSD activity or mRNA expression in the kidney. The hippocampal effects of dexamethasone were similar to those of chronic stress (arthritis) which increased 11β-OHSD activity (20% rise, P〈0.05), although this was not reflected at the level of mRNA. Thus, hippocampal (and hepatic, but not renal) 11β-OHSD appears to be regulated by chronic glucocorticoid manipulations and stress. Hippocampal 11β-OHSD may thus ensure optimal long-term corticosterone exposure of glucocorticoid-sensitive neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-OHSD) metabolizes corticosterone to inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone and thus protects non-specific mineralocorticoid receptors from exposure to corticosterone in the kidney in vivo. Clearly, 11β-OHSD might also regulate corticosterone access to glucocorticoid receptors. We have investigated cerebellum, a tissue with high glucocorticoid receptor, but very low mineralocorticoid receptor levels and have shown marked 11β-OHSD bioactivity with similar co-substrate requirements and inhibition kinetics to the renal enzyme. 11β-OHSD messenger ribonucleic acid was expressed in cerebellum and was localized in Purkinje and granule cells. This distribution was confirmed immunohistochemically. Thus, we provide evidence for 11β-OHSD in cerebellum and suggest that it may regulate the access of corticosterone to glucocorticoid receptors in addition to mineralocorticoid receptors.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: M(acac)3 derivatives ; isomorphous ; β-diketonate ligands ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The molecular structures of Al(tfac)3 (1), Co(tfac)3 (2) (H-tfac = 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone) and Cu(H2O)(fod)2 (3) (H-fod = 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-hepta-fluoro-7,7-dimethyloctane-4,6-dione) have been determined. The metal coordination spheres in compounds 1 and 2 are essentially the same as the respective M(acac)3 derivatives. Despite the isomorphous nature of the structures of compounds 1 and 2, the identity of the nearest intermolecular van der Waals contacts are altered by minor changes in the metal coordination sphere. The geometry about copper in compound 3 is close to that of an ideal square bipyramid with the β-diketonate ligands occupying the basal plane. The water ligand in each molecule of compound 3 is hydrogen bonded to an oxygen of a β-diketonate ligand on an adjacent molecule resulting in the formation of dimers, which form rods along the y-axis due to weak C–F···Cu interactions. Crystal data: (1) orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 14.949(3), b = 19.806(4), c = 13.624(3) Å, V = 4033(1) Å3, and Z = 8, and (2) orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 14.930(3), b = 19.620(4), c = 13.540(3) Å, V = 3966(1) Å3, and Z = 8,; (3) monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.447(3), b = 10.486(2) c = 21.980(4) Å, β = 102.65(3)°, V = 2799(1) Å3, and Z = 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The in vitro superfusion studies of isolated adrenal cells used a modification of the system reported by Lowry and McMartin7. Female Wistar rats (200-220 g) were decapitated and the adrenal glands removed. The capsular tissue (namely zona glomerulosa cells) or the decapsulated tissue (zona ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: pain ; central post-stroke pain ; EMG biofeedback ; ataxia ; kinesiophobia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral pain and ataxic tremor can appear suddenly following thalamic stroke and can significantly alter a patient's psychological, social, and physical functioning. The present paper reports the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female who sustained an acute left posterior cerebral artery infarction involving the thalamus and left mesiotemporal regions. She subsequently developed Central Poststroke Pain and ataxic movement of her right arm and hand in addition to a significant right-side claudication. She was treated over 16 weeks (6 weeks of EMG biofeedback and 10 weeks of psychotherapy) with a combination of EMG biofeedback, progressive muscle relaxation, behavioral pain coping skills training, Forced Use Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therap 7 years after her initial cerebral accident. The case demonstrates the utility of biofeedback when combined as part of a comprehensive treatment program to address the multiple complications associated with thalamic stroke.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Hydrodynamic data for linear poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (103 ≦ molecular weight ≦ 106) under theta-conditions (intrinsic viscosity [η]Θ, intrinsic translational friction coefficient [f]Θ) are compiled and discussed in terms of theories developed for the bead-chain model and the continuous worm-like cylinder. While the former as applied fits the [f]Θ data only, the latter is found to describe consistently the molecular-weight dependences of both [η]Θ and [f]Θ. Parameters of the worm-like cylinder are estimated. The Kuhn statistical length, AK, agrees well with the theoretical value of the rotational isomeric state model. The effective diameter, 1,1 cm ≦ d · 108 ≦ 1,6 cm, is very low as compared with the diameter of the cross-sectional area obtained from crystallographic data or the partial specific volume. Factors which may account for this discrepancy and the shortcomings of the interpretations using the bead-chain model are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 99-109 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study demonstrates the usefulness of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection and quantification of protein on the surface of materials. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine gamma globulin (BGG) were the proteins used. Titanium and stainless steel were the materials tested. The proteins were detected with the use of rabbit antiserum specific for BSA and for BGG. This reaction was quantitated by the use of horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit gamma globulin. The technique is described in detail. The technique was demonstrated to be suitable for quantitation of protein from 0.01 mg/mL to 0.1 mg/mL on the surface of 3 mm × 10 mm materials. The technique was also demonstrated to be suitable for determining the surface area of solid materials. It is a simple technique and suitable for most biomaterials laboratories.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Keywords: Bottle, Niskin; Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; NIS; Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction); Nitrogen fixation rate, total; Nitrogen fixation rate, whole seawater; Phosphate; Salinity; SW2006-07-04; SW2006-07-06; SW2006-07-07; SW2006-07-12; SW2006-07-13; Temperature, water; Tropical Atlantic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 50 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-02-26
    Keywords: Bottle, Niskin; Calculated after Luo et al. (2012); Comment; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Diazotrophs, total biomass as carbon; Event label; Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); Heterocyst, biomass; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MAREDAT_Diazotrophs_Collection; NIS; Nitrate; Phosphate; Richelia, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Richelia, associated species; Richelia, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Salinity; SW2006-06-22; SW2006-06-23; SW2006-06-27; SW2006-06-28; SW2006-06-29; SW2006-06-30; SW2006-07-01; SW2006-07-03; SW2006-07-04; SW2006-07-06; SW2006-07-07; SW2006-07-12; SW2006-07-13; SW2006-07-14_1; SW2006-07-14_2; SW2006-07-15; SW2006-07-17; SW2006-07-19; SW2006-07-20; SW2006-07-21; Temperature, water; Trichodesmium, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Trichodesmium, biomass as carbon; Trichodesmium abundance, total; Tropical Atlantic; Unicellular cyanobacteria, biomass; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-A, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, abundance expressed in number of nifH gene copies; Unicellular cyanobacteria-B, biological trait, ratio expressed in mass of carbon per amount of nifH gene copies
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2463 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): C08012, doi:10.1029/2012JC008016.
    Description: Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) from coastal buoys suggests that the summertime over-shelf water temperature off the U.S. West Coast has been declining during the past 30 years at an average rate of −0.19°C decade−1. This cooling trend manifests itself more strongly off south-central California than off Oregon and northern California. The variability and trend in the upwelling north of off San Francisco are positively correlated with those of the equatorward wind, indicating a role of offshore Ekman transport in the north. In contrast, Ekman pumping associated with wind stress curls better explains the stronger and statistically more significant cooling trend in the south. While the coast-wide variability and trend in SST are strongly correlated with those of large-scale modes of climate variability, they in general fail to explain the southward intensification of the trend in SST and wind stress curl. This result suggests that the local wind stress curl, often topographically forced, may have played a role in the upwelling trend pattern.
    Description: H.S. acknowledges the WHOI supports from the Coastal Research Fund in Support of Scientific Staff, the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research. K.B. and C.E. acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation through grants OCE-1059632 and OCE 1061434.
    Description: 2013-03-09
    Keywords: Coastal upwelling ; Multidecadal trend ; Wind stress curl
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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