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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening test of the biodegradative capability of a new strain of Pseudomonas gladioli (BSU 45124) on some xenobiotic organics (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 49 (1992), S. 10-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193334
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Chironomus tentans larval growth retardation on adult emergence and ovipositing success: implications for interpreting freshwater sediment bioassays (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chironomus tentans ; growth ; emergence ; sediment toxicity assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted with Chironomus tentans to assess the significance of growth retardation of third-to fourth-instar larvae over a 10-d test period on long-term survival, adult emergence, and ovipositing success. Data were intended to provide interpretive guidance for the commonly used growth endpoint in 10-d sediment bioassays with C. tentans. Larval growth was controlled by using six feeding levels ranging from 0.2 to 5.9 mg dry weight Tetrafin® fish food per day. Mean 10-d survival was ≥88% at all feeding levels, but larval growth decreased significantly (p〈0.05) with each decrease in feeding level. Cumulative successful emergence of adult C. tentans decreased significantly with decreasing larval growth. Mean times to emergence always increased with decreasing growth rates and effects were generally more pronounced for females than males. At the lowest 10-d mean growth where successful emergence occurred (0.27 mg), the times to emergence doubled relative to the times observed at the highest 10-d mean growth (1.03 mg). Ten-day larval growth retardation was strongly correlated with reduction in adult emergence success (r 2 = 0.96). Growth retardations ≥64% resulted in 86–100% reductions in adult emergence. Growth retardation in the range of 35 to 50% equated with comparable percent reductions in adult emergence success. Although fewer females successfully emerged at 10-d growths of 0.37 and 0.74 mg relative to the highest 10-d growth (1.03 mg), ovipositing success of these females did not appear to be adversely affected by either their slower growth rates or their lower mean dry weights (0.62 and 0.99 mg, respectively). Growth of second generation larvae did not appear to be affected by maternal growth rate, but rather appeared to be solely correlated with their own feeding level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007844
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory culture of Chironomus tentans for use in toxicity testing: optimum initial egg-stocking densities (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 438 (2000), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chironomus tentans ; culture ; toxicity testing ; growth ; emergence ; density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The midge Chironomus tentans Fabricius is a commonly used freshwater invertebrate in sediment toxicity tests. Rigorous laboratory culturing techniques are needed to provide organisms of uniform quality and known age for use in testing and for the continuation of the culture itself. This study was conducted to determine the effect of initial culture stocking density on: (1) post-hatch (larval) dry weight, body length and head-capsule width at 10 and 20 days; (2) time to emergence; (3) number and sex of emergent adults; (4) number of larvae and pupae at test termination (day 42 post hatch); and (5) adult dry weight. Three egg stocking densities were used 690 (1.1 eggs cm−2), 1043 (1.7 eggs cm−2) and 1463 (2.4 eggs cm−2). Mean weight of larvae at 10 days in high density tanks (0.13 mg/organism) was significantly higher (P=0.003) than both the medium and low density tanks (0.10 and 0.09 mg/organism, respectively). No significant differences between the three stocking densities were observed for the body length or head-capsule width at either 10 or 20 days post-hatch. Although not statistically significant, larval dry weight decreased with increased stocking density at day 20. A significantly (P=0.02) greater number of females (173±28) emerged from the low stocking density compared to both the medium and high stocking densities (123±45 and 118±54, respectively). Peak adult emergence for the low and medium stocking densities occurred between days 22 and 25 post-hatch, whereas peak adult emergence occurred between days 30 and 33 for the high stocking density. Survival relative to the initial number of eggs stocked was significantly greater (P=0.007) in the low density treatment compared to that in either the medium or the high density treatments. Mean adult weight exhibited an inverse relationship with initial stocking densities. At test end, there was not a significant difference in the mean number of organisms surviving and emerging in the three density levels. The central tendency for number of organisms surviving for all three treatments was 504 organisms per tank (0.82 organisms cm−2). The results of this experiment suggest that an optimal egg stocking density of 1.0 egg cm−2 (∼600 eggs/tank) be used with the feeding rate identified. This would ensure uniform larvae at the appropriate developmental stage (2nd–3rd instar) needed for toxicological research/testing (e.g. 10 days post-hatch), as well as producing sufficient emergence of males and females for future culture establishment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004187505198
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    Fault Displacement Hazard for Strike-Slip Faults (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-01
    Description: In this paper we present a methodology, data, and regression equations for calculating the fault rupture hazard at sites near steeply dipping, strike-slip faults. We collected and digitized on-fault and off-fault displacement data for 9 global strike-slip earthquakes ranging from moment magnitude M 6.5 to M 7.6 and supplemented these with displacements from 13 global earthquakes compiled by Wesnousky (2008), who considers events up to M 7.9. Displacements on the primary fault fall off at the rupture ends and are often measured in meters, while displacements on secondary (off-fault) or distributed faults may measure a few centimeters up to more than a meter and decay with distance from the rupture. Probability of earthquake rupture is less than 15% for cells 200 mx200 m and is less than 2% for 25 mx25 m cells at distances greater than 200 m from the primary-fault rupture. Therefore, the hazard for off-fault ruptures is much lower than the hazard near the fault. Our data indicate that rupture displacements up to 35 cm can be triggered on adjacent faults at distances out to 10 km or more from the primary-fault rupture. An example calculation shows that, for an active fault which has repeated large earthquakes every few hundred years, fault rupture hazard analysis should be an important consideration in the design of structures or lifelines that are located near the principal fault, within about 150 m of well-mapped active faults with a simple trace and within 300 m of faults with poorly defined or complex traces.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Unknown
    A Worldwide and Unified Database of Surface Ruptures (SURE) for Fault Displacement Hazard Analyses (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Fault displacement hazard assessment is based on empirical relationships that are established using historic earthquake fault ruptures. These relationships evaluate the likelihood of coseismic surface slip considering on-fault and off-fault ruptures, for given earthquake magnitude and distance to fault. Moreover, they allow predicting the amount of fault slip at and close to the active fault of concern. Applications of this approach include land use planning, structural design of infrastructure, and critical facilities located on or close to an active fault. To date, the current equations are based on sparsely populated datasets, including a limited number of pre-2000 events. In 2015, an international effort started to constitute a worldwide and unified fault displacement database (SUrface Ruptures due to Earthquakes [SURE]) to improve further hazard estimations. After two workshops, it was decided to unify the existing datasets (field-based slip measurements) to incorporate recent and future cases, and to include new parameters relevant to properly describe the rupture. This contribution presents the status of the SURE database and delineates some perspectives to improve the surface-faulting assessment. Original data have been compiled and adapted to the structure. The database encompasses 45 earthquakes from magnitude 5–7.9, with more than 15,000 coseismic surface deformation observations (including slip measurements) and 56,000 of rupture segments. Twenty earthquake cases are from Japan, 15 from United States, two from Mexico, Italy, and New Zealand, one from Kyrgystan, Ecuador, Turkey, and Argentina. Twenty-four earthquakes are strike-slip faulting events, 11 are normal or normal oblique, and 10 are reverse faulting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 499–520
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: surface rupture ; fault displacement hazard ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
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