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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTESTINAL TRANSPORT DURING FASTING AND MALNUTRITION (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 20 (2000), S. 195-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fasting or malnutrition (FM) has dramatic effects on small intestinal mucosal structure and transport function. Intestinal secretion of ions and fluid is increased by FM both under basal conditions and in response to secretory agonists. Intestinal permeability to ions and macromolecules may also be elevated by FM, which increases the potential for fluid and electrolyte losses and for anaphylactic responses to luminal antigens. Mucosal atrophy induced by FM reduces total intestinal absorption of nutrients, but nutrient absorption normalized to mucosal mass may actually be enhanced by a variety of mechanisms, including increased transporter gene expression, electrochemical gradients, and ratio of mature to immature cells. These observations underscore the value of enteral feeding during health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.195
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submucosal nerves and cholera toxin-induced secretion in guinea pig ileumin vitro (1986)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 732-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cholera toxin on intestinal transport parameters were examined in muscle-stripped flat sheets of guinea pig ileum in order to determine whether the effects were partly mediated by stimulation of the mucosal innervation. Cholera toxin evoked an increase in short-circuit current that reflected active ion secretion. Tetrodotoxin completely blocked neurally mediated responses to electrical field stimulation, but it did not prevent the effects of cholera toxin. In the absence of tetrodotoxin, electrical stimulation of submucosal neurons evoked a biphasic increase in short-circuit current that was produced by chloride secretion. The first phase, which was known to be cholinergic, was enhanced by cholera toxin. These results suggest that cholera toxin may mediate intestinal secretion by direct action on the enterocytes as well as by enhancing cholinergically mediated intestinal secretory processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296451
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein in piglet and mouse intestine (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1996), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator ; Cystic fibrosis ; Intestine ; Mucus secretion ; Pig ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Antibodies raised against the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR) were used to localize CFTR in intestinal tissues of piglets and mice. Positive staining for CFTR was detected in goblet cells of both species. A second population of epithelial cells of unknown phenotype was also labeled by anti-CFTR antibodies. The labeling pattern was abolished by preincubation of anti-CFTR antibodies with the immunogen or when non-immune IgG was used in place of anti-CFTR antibodies. These results support other studies that suggest that alterations in goblet cell function may be involved in the intestinal abnormalities associated with cystic fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050531
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psyllium Improves Fecal Consistency and Prevents Enhanced Secretory Responses in Jejunal Tissues of Piglets Infected with ETEC (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 2536-2541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: E. COLI ; CARBACHOL ; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE ; PSYLLIUM ; JEJUNUM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)induces secretory diarrhea by stimulating net secretionof fluid and electrolytes. We tested the hypothesis thatETEC potentiates jejunal ion secretion induced by other agonists and also examined whether thesoluble fiber psyllium ameliorates effects ofETEC-induced pathophysiology. Noninfected orETEC-infected piglets were given oral electrolytesolution twice daily or electrolyte solution supplemented withpsyllium for 48 hr. Jejunal tissues were mounted in fluxchambers and basal and stimulated ion transportresponses, as reflected by short-circuit current (ISC) were measured. The severity ofETEC-induced diarrhea was reduced by psyllium.ISC responses to carbachol and5-hydroxytryptamine were greater in tissues frominfected piglets compared with noninfected controls or infected piglets given psyllium.These results suggest that psyllium amelioratesETEC-induced diarrhea and prevents the enhancedsecretory responses to calcium-mediated agonists thatoccur in ETEC-infected piglet jejunum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026611005440
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal transport in megacolonic mice (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Intestinal absorption ; jejunum ; intestinal mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined jejunal sugar absorption in piebald mice with congenital megacolon and in normal littermates. Transmural potential difference, short-circuit current, and tissue conductance of flat sheets of jejunum set up in flux chambers were significantly greater in the diseased mice compared to normal siblings. In piebald mice, net absorption of 3- o -methylglucose was enhanced due to a significant increase in mucosal-to-serosal flux compared with normal littermates. Stimulation of electrogenic sodium absorption by alanine (10 mM) increased basal short-circuit currents more in piebald tissues than in tissues from normal mice, whereas stimulation of ion transport by carbachol (10 μM) evoked an increase in short-circuit current that was similar in the two groups. Alterations in intestinal mass, morphology, or Na +,K +-ATPase activity could not account for the increase in absorptive function characteristic of piebald mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536049
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (9). pp. 3229-3236.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218525110
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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