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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    InAs channel heterostructure-field effect transistors with InAs/AlSb short-period superlattice barriers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3531-3533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the implementation of InAs-channel heterostructure-field-effect transistors (HFETs) fabricated with InAs/AlSb short-period superlattice barriers. The InAs/AlSb superlattice barrier structure is advantageous for InAs/AlSb HFETs because of its improved chemical stability against oxidation when compared to pure AlSb, and its compatibility with silicon as an n-type dopant during growth by molecular beam epitaxy. The structures examined here consist of a 200-A(ring)-wide InAs quantum well inserted between 25/25 A(ring) InAs/AlSb superlattice barriers that provide a 0.5 eV conduction band discontinuity between the quantum well and the superlattice barrier. Fabricated HFET devices display complete channel modulation, confirming the field-effect operation at room temperature. In addition, we demonstrate the modulation doping of an InAs quantum well clad by silicon-doped InAs/AlSb superlattice barriers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117235
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase I study of Caelyx (doxorubicin HCL, pegylated liposomal) in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: Caelyx ; head and neck cancer ; metastatic disease ; phase I study ; recurrent disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Pegylated liposome technology represents a favourabledrug-carrier system, since stealth liposomal drugs have a reduced clearancewith prolonged circulation half-life and selective drug accumulation intissues with increased vascular permeability, such as tumor tissues. Caelyxis a pegylated liposome containing doxorubicin, which has been developed totarget drug delivery to cancer cells, thus reducing toxicities.Biodistribution studies have shown a selective tumor uptake in patients withadvanced head and neck cancer (HNC), thus justifying the present phase Istudy. Patients and methods:Patients with recurrent or metastatic HNCwere treated with Caelyx administered at the starting dose of 30mg/m2 every three weeks and escalated by 5 mg/m2 perstep. Dose escalation was stopped if more than a third of patients of a givencohort had dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), which was defined as grade 4neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, grade 3 febrile neutropenia, grade 3thrombocytopenia with bleeding, grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity (except fornausea and alopecia), or 〉2 week delay in chemotherapy recycling. The abovedose level was defined as maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose levelimmediately below was recommended for phase II evaluation. Response wasevaluated after three courses of chemotherapy. Results:Twenty-four patients were treated at five dose levels.At 50 mg/m2, three out of six patients had grade 3 stomatitis;therefore, this level was defined as MTD and 45 mg/m2 was theselected dose for phase II. Stomatitis occurred in 11 patients across all doselevels, considering all delivered cycles. Neutropenia occurred in 10 of 24patients, but reached grade 4 in only 2 patients at fourth dose level. Skintoxicity, mainly appearing in the form of palmar-plantar erythrodysestesia,was the most frequent toxicity, occurring in 14 patients. Other side effectswere mild. One complete response (4%) and seven partial responses(29%) were observed, for an overall response rate of 33%(95% confidence interval (95% CI): 16%–55%). Conclusions:Caelyx is a safe and promising new treatment in HNC,that deserves further evaluation both alone and integrated withinchemo-radiotherapy strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008319618638
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis in adolescent inpatients: Diagnostic confidence and comparison of diagnoses using ICD-9 and DSM-III (1996)
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 5 (1996), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Diagnosis ; ICD-9 ; DSM-III ; adolescents ; inpatients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective Multi-Centre research study involving four British Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Units, all 276 adolescent admissions were diagnosed using both ICD-9 and DSM-III. Ratings of diagnostic confidence for each diagnostic group varied considerably. Clinicians recorded high levels of confidence in the diagnosis of both Schizophrenia and Anorexia nervosa, while considerably lower scores were noted for Adjustment Disorders (ICD-9 3-digit code 309.), and for Emotional Disorders (ICD-9 3-digit code 313.). Exact concordance in diagnoses made for each case using both ICD-9 and DSM-III occurred in 72% of the entire cohort. The dissimilar concordance rates comparing ICD-9 and DSM-III diagnoses for the same patient admissions suggest differences in validity measures, such as face validity and content validity, in the reliability of diagnostic criteria between similarly named disorders across the two systems, and in the clinician's training and attitude to diagnosis. With the recent introduction of DSM-IV following upon ICD-10, further comparative studies are needed to examine both reliability and validity issues into diagnosis and classification in child and adolescent psychiatry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571674
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  • 4
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    The Biogeochemical Cycling of Calcium: the Ecological Consequences of Anthropogenic Emissions (2007)
    In:  EPIC3Encyclopedia of Ecology, S.E. Jorgensen (Editor), Elsevier.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 5
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    Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-26
    Description: Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy Nature 533, 7604 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17440 Authors: Ben Spaun, P. Bryan Changala, David Patterson, Bryce J. Bjork, Oliver H. Heckl, John M. Doyle & Jun Ye For more than half a century, high-resolution infrared spectroscopy has played a crucial role in probing molecular structure and dynamics. Such studies have so far been largely restricted to relatively small and simple systems, because at room temperature even molecules of modest size already occupy many millions of rotational/vibrational states, yielding highly congested spectra that are difficult to assign. Targeting more complex molecules requires methods that can record broadband infrared spectra (that is, spanning multiple vibrational bands) with both high resolution and high sensitivity. However, infrared spectroscopic techniques have hitherto been limited either by narrow bandwidth and long acquisition time, or by low sensitivity and resolution. Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) combines the inherent broad bandwidth and high resolution of an optical frequency comb with the high detection sensitivity provided by a high-finesse enhancement cavity, but it still suffers from spectral congestion. Here we show that this problem can be overcome by using buffer gas cooling to produce continuous, cold samples of molecules that are then subjected to CE-DFCS. This integration allows us to acquire a rotationally resolved direct absorption spectrum in the C–H stretching region of nitromethane, a model system that challenges our understanding of large-amplitude vibrational motion. We have also used this technique on several large organic molecules that are of fundamental spectroscopic and astrochemical relevance, including naphthalene, adamantane and hexamethylenetetramine. These findings establish the value of our approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far, enabling complex molecules and their kinetics to be studied with orders-of-magnitude improvements in efficiency, spectral resolution and specificity.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: Nature Medicine 19, 1649 (2013). doi:10.1038/nm.3372 Authors: Morgan D Fullerton, Sandra Galic, Katarina Marcinko, Sarah Sikkema, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, Zhi-Ping Chen, Hayley M O'Neill, Rebecca J Ford, Rengasamy Palanivel, Matthew O'Brien, D Grahame Hardie, S Lance Macaulay, Jonathan D Schertzer, Jason R B Dyck, Bryce J van Denderen, Bruce E Kemp & Gregory R Steinberg The obesity epidemic has led to an increased incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) regulates energy homeostasis and is activated by cellular stress, hormones and the widely prescribed type 2 diabetes drug metformin. Ampk phosphorylates mouse acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1; refs. 3,4) at Ser79 and Acc2 at Ser212, inhibiting the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. The latter metabolite is a precursor in fatty acid synthesis and an allosteric inhibitor of fatty acid transport into mitochondria for oxidation. To test the physiological impact of these phosphorylation events, we generated mice with alanine knock-in mutations in both Acc1 (at Ser79) and Acc2 (at Ser212) (Acc double knock-in, AccDKI). Compared to wild-type mice, these mice have elevated lipogenesis and lower fatty acid oxidation, which contribute to the progression of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and NAFLD, but not obesity. Notably, AccDKI mice made obese by high-fat feeding are refractory to the lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin. These findings establish that inhibitory phosphorylation of Acc by Ampk is essential for the control of lipid metabolism and, in the setting of obesity, for metformin-induced improvements in insulin action.
    Print ISSN: 1078-8956
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-170X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Data Resource Profile: Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: The Countdown to 2015 country profiles present, in one place, comprehensive evidence to enable an assessment of a country’s progress in improving reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. Profiles are available for each of the 75 countries that together account for more than 95% of all maternal and child deaths. The two-page profiles are updated approximately every 2 years with new data and analyses. Profile data include demographics, mortality, nutritional status, coverage of evidence-based interventions, within-countries inequalities in coverage, measures of health system functionality, supportive policies and financing indicators. The main sources of data for the coverage, nutritional status and equity indicators are the US Agency for Internal Development (USAID)-supported demographic and health surveys and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-supported multiple indicator cluster surveys. Data on coverage are first summarized and checked for quality by UNICEF, and data on equity in intervention coverage are summarized and checked by the Federal University of Pelotas. The mortality estimates are developed by the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and the Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. The financing data are abstracted from datasets maintained by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Assistance Committee, and the policies and health systems data are derived from a special compilation prepared by the World Health Organization. Associated country profiles include equity-specific profiles and one-page profiles prepared annually that report on the 11 indicators selected by the Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health.
    Print ISSN: 0300-5771
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3685
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    The association of financial difficulties with clinical outcomes in cancer patients: secondary analysis of 16 academic prospective clinical trials conducted in Italy (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-23
    Description: Background Cancer may cause financial difficulties, but its impact in countries with public health systems is unknown. We evaluated the association of financial difficulties with clinical outcomes of cancer patients enrolled in academic clinical trials performed within the Italian public health system. Patients and methods Data were pooled from 16 prospective multicentre trials in lung, breast or ovarian cancer, using the EORTC quality of life (QOL) C30 questionnaire. Question 28 scores financial difficulties related to disease or treatment in four categories from ‘not at all’ to ‘very much’. We defined financial burden (FB) as any financial difficulty reported at baseline questionnaire, and financial toxicity (FT) as score worsening in a subsequent questionnaire. We investigated (i) the association of FB with clinical outcomes (survival, global QOL response [questions 29/30] and severe toxicity), and (ii) the association of FT with survival. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression models or the Cox model adjusting for trial, gender, age, region and period of enrolment, baseline global QOL and, where appropriate, FB and global QOL response. Results are reported as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results At baseline 26% of the 3670 study patients reported FB, significantly correlated with worse baseline global QOL. FB was not associated with risks of death (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85–1.04, P = 0.23) and severe toxicity (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.76–1.06, P = 0.19) but was predictive of a higher chance of worse global QOL response (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.70, P = 0.009). During treatment, 2735 (74.5%) patients filled in subsequent questionnaires and 616 (22.5%) developed FT that was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37, P = 0.007). Several sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. Conclusion Even in a public health system, financial difficulties are associated with relevant cancer patients outcomes like QOL and survival. Clinical Trials number Any registered clinical trial number should be indicated after the abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0923-7534
    Electronic ISSN: 1569-8041
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Operational report for the 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland (2019)
    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In summer 2017, the ICDP SUSTAIN project (Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes), drilled three cored boreholes (Table 1) through Surtsey at sites ≤10 m from a cored hole obtained in 1979. Drilling through the still hot volcano was carried out with an Atlas Copco CS1000 drill rig, whose components were transported by helicopter to Surtsey and re-assembled on site. The first vertical borehole, SE-02a, was cored in HQ diameter to 152 meters below surface (m b.s.) during August 7-16. It was terminated due to borehole collapse. A second vertical (SE-02b) cored borehole was then drilled in HQ diameter to 192 m during August 19-26. Wireline borehole logging in SE-02b was performed August 26. The anodized NQ-sized aluminum tubing of the Surtsey Subsurface Observatory was installed in SE-02b to 181 m depth on August 27. A third borehole, SE-03, angled 35° from vertical and directed 264°, was drilled from August 28 to September 4 and reached a measured depth of 354 m (~290 m vertical depth) under the eastern crater. The core is HQ diameter to a measured depth of 213 m and NQ diameter from 213-354 m measured depth. The core traverses the deep conduit and intrusions of the volcano to a total vertical depth of 290 m b.s. Seawater drilling fluid for boreholes SE-02a and SE-02b was filtered and doubly UV-sterilized at the drill site. No mud products were employed while coring SE-02a, while small amounts of attapulgite mud were used in SE-02b and SE-03. Core samples for geochemical analyses of pore water and microbiological investigations were collected on site from all three boreholes. About 650 m of core was transported by helicopter to Heimaey, 18 km northeast of Surtsey, to a processing laboratory where the core was scanned, documented, and described. Additional core processing has taken place at the Náttúrufraedistofnun Íslands, the Icelandic Institute of Natural History in Gardabaer, where both the 1979 and 2017 cores are stored.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption (2019)
    In:  Scientific drilling : reports on deep earth sampling and monitoring
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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