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  • 1
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    Trace element composition of IODP Site 304-U1309 and 305-U1309 (Table A2) (2009)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Godard, Marguerite; Awaji, S; Hansen, Henry; Hellebrand, Eric; Brunelli, Daniele; Johnson, K; Yamasaki, T; Maeda, Jinichiro; Abratis, Michael; Christie, David M; Kato, Yasuhiro; Mariet, C; Rosner, Martin (2009): Geochemistry of a long in-situ section of intrusive slow-spread oceanic lithosphere: Results from IODP Site U1309 (Atlantis Massif, 30°N Mid-Atlantic-Ridge). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279(1-2), 110-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.034
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: IODP Site U1309 was drilled at Atlantis Massif, an oceanic core complex, at 30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). We present the results of a bulk rock geochemical study (major and trace elements) carried out on 228 samples representative of the different lithologies sampled at this location. Over 96% of Hole U1309D is made up of gabbroic rocks. Diabases and basalts cross-cut the upper part of the section; they have depleted MORB compositions similar to basalts sampled at MAR 30°N. Relics of mantle were recovered at shallow depth. Mantle peridotites show petrographic and geochemical evidence of extensive melt-rock interactions. Gabbroic rocks comprise: olivine-rich troctolites (〉 70% modal olivine) and troctolites having high Mg# (82-89), high Ni (up to 2300 ppm) and depleted trace element compositions (Yb 0.06-0.8 ppm); olivine gabbros and gabbros (including gabbronorites) with Mg# of 60-86 and low trace element contents (Yb 0.125-2.5 ppm); and oxide gabbros and leucocratic dykes with low Mg# (〈 50), low Ni (~65 ppm) and high trace element contents (Yb up to 26 ppm). Troctolites and gabbros are amongst the most primitive and depleted oceanic gabbroic rocks. The main geochemical characteristics of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks are consistent with a formation as a cumulate sequence after a common parental MORB melt, although (lack of systematic) downhole variations indicate that the gabbroic series were built by multiple magma injections. In detail, textural and geochemical variations in olivine-rich troctolites and gabbronorites suggest chemical interaction (assimilation?) between the parental melt and the intruded lithosphere. Site U1309 gabbroic rocks do not represent the complementary magmatic product of 30°N volcanics, although they sample the same mantle source. The bulk trace element composition of Site U1309 gabbroic rocks is similar to primitive MORB melt compositions; this implies that there was no large scale removal of melts from this gabbro section. The occurrence of such a large magmatic sequence implies that a high magmatic activity is associated with the formation of Atlantis Massif. Our results suggest that almost all melts feeding this magmatic system stays trapped into the intruded lithosphere.
    Keywords: 304-U1309B; 304-U1309D; 305-U1309D; Barium; Cadmium; Caesium; Cerium; Chromium; Comment; Comment 2 (continued); Copper; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Dysprosium; Erbium; Europium; Event label; Exp304; Exp305; Gadolinium; Hafnium; Holmium; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; Joides Resolution; Lanthanum; Lead; Lithium; Lithologic unit/sequence; Lithology/composition/facies; Lutetium; Method comment; Neodymium; Nickel; Niobium; Oceanic Core Complex Formation, Atlantis Massive 1; Oceanic Core Complex Formation, Atlantis Massive 2; Praseodymium; Rock type; Rubidium; Samarium; Sample code/label; Sample code/label 2; Sample comment; Scandium; Strontium; Terbium; Thorium; Thulium; Titanium; Uranium; Vanadium; Ytterbium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7995 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and temporal variations in the formation of oceanic lithosphere (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A 20-Myr record of creation of oceanic lithosphere is exposed along a segment of the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge on an uplifted sliver of lithosphere. The degree of melting of the mantle that is upwelling below the ridge, estimated from the chemistry of the exposed mantle rocks, as well as crustal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01594
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    First results of cruise S19 (PRIMAR Project): petrological and structural investigations of the Vema Transverse Ridge (equatorial Atlantic) (1998)
    Museo Geologico di Bologna
    In:  Giornale di Geologia, Ser. 3, Vol. 60 . pp. 3-16.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-26
    Description: We carried out in January-March 1998 a geological-geophysical cruise to the Vema fracture zone that offsets by 320 km the Mid Atlantic Ridge in the central Atlantic. This expedition (S19) was part of PRIMAR (Russian-Italian Mid Atlantic Ridge Project). The field work aimed at obtaining geophysical and petrological data from a prominent transverse ridge that runs on the southern side of the transform valley and constitutes a major topographic anomaly relative to the depth/square root of age relationship. Previous work had shown that a relatively undisturbed section of oceanic lithosphere is exposed on the northern side of the transverse ridge for roughly 270 km along a seafloor spreading flow line. Given an average spreading half rate of 16 mm/y, this length corresponds to over 16 My. One of the objectives of our expedition was to sample at close-spaced (~ 5 km) horizontal intervals the mantle ultramafic basal unit, in order to detect temporal variations of mantle composition and of accretion processes at ridge axis. Preliminary observations on ultramafic rock samples obtained at 35 sites suggest strong temporal variations of mantle structure and composition. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles were carried out in order to understand the processes that uplifted the transverse ridge and exposed the sliver of oceanic lithosphere. Magnetometric profiles were made to better constrain spreading rates.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 4
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    Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and temporal variations in the formation of oceanic lithosphere (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 423 (6939). pp. 499-505.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-26
    Description: A 20-Myr record of creation of oceanic lithosphere is exposed along a segment of the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge on an uplifted sliver of lithosphere. The degree of melting of the mantle that is upwelling below the ridge, estimated from the chemistry of the exposed mantle rocks, as well as crustal thickness inferred from gravity measurements, show oscillations of ∼3–4 Myr superimposed on a longer-term steady increase with time. The time lag between oscillations of mantle melting and crustal thickness indicates that the mantle is upwelling at an average rate of ∼25 mm yr-1, but this appears to vary through time. Slow-spreading lithosphere seems to form through dynamic pulses of mantle upwelling and melting, leading not only to along-axis segmentation but also to across-axis structural variability. Also, the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge appears to have become steadily hotter over the past 20 Myr, possibly owing to north–south mantle flow.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nature01594
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-25
    Description: Large-scale landslides at volcanic islands are one of the most dangerous geological phenomena, able to generate tsunamis whose effects can propagate far from the source. However, related deposits are scarcely preserved on-land in the geologic records, and are often difficult to be interpreted. Here we show the discovery of three unprecedented well-preserved tsunami deposits related to repeated flank collapses of the volcanic island of Stromboli (Southern Italy) occurred during the Late Middle Ages. Based on carbon datings, on stratigraphic, volcanological and archaeological evidence, we link the oldest, highest-magnitude investigated tsunami to the following rapid abandonment of the island which was inhabited at that time, contrary than previously thought. The destructive power of this event is also possibly related to a huge marine storm that devastated the ports of Naples in 1343 (200 km north of Stromboli) described by the famous writer Petrarch. The portrayed devastation can be potentially attributed to the arrival of multiple tsunami waves generated by a major landslide in Stromboli island, confirming the hypothetical hazard of these phenomena at a regional scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 677
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli, tsunami, middle age, hazard, Thyrrenian sea
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30°N (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): B07103, doi:10.1029/2010JB007931.
    Description: Expeditions 304 and 305 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program cored and logged a 1.4 km section of the domal core of Atlantis Massif. Postdrilling research results summarized here constrain the structure and lithology of the Central Dome of this oceanic core complex. The dominantly gabbroic sequence recovered contrasts with predrilling predictions; application of the ground truth in subsequent geophysical processing has produced self-consistent models for the Central Dome. The presence of many thin interfingered petrologic units indicates that the intrusions forming the domal core were emplaced over a minimum of 100–220 kyr, and not as a single magma pulse. Isotopic and mineralogical alteration is intense in the upper 100 m but decreases in intensity with depth. Below 800 m, alteration is restricted to narrow zones surrounding faults, veins, igneous contacts, and to an interval of locally intense serpentinization in olivine-rich troctolite. Hydration of the lithosphere occurred over the complete range of temperature conditions from granulite to zeolite facies, but was predominantly in the amphibolite and greenschist range. Deformation of the sequence was remarkably localized, despite paleomagnetic indications that the dome has undergone at least 45° rotation, presumably during unroofing via detachment faulting. Both the deformation pattern and the lithology contrast with what is known from seafloor studies on the adjacent Southern Ridge of the massif. There, the detachment capping the domal core deformed a 100 m thick zone and serpentinized peridotite comprises ∼70% of recovered samples. We develop a working model of the evolution of Atlantis Massif over the past 2 Myr, outlining several stages that could explain the observed similarities and differences between the Central Dome and the Southern Ridge.
    Keywords: Atlantis Massif ; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ; Oceanic Core Complex
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    Postmelting hydrogen enrichment in the oceanic lithosphere (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Le Roux, V., Urann, B. M., Brunelli, D., Bonatti, E., Cipriani, A., Demouchy, S., & Monteleone, B. D. Postmelting hydrogen enrichment in the oceanic lithosphere. Science Advances, 7(24), (2021): eabf6071, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf6071.
    Description: The large range of H2O contents recorded in minerals from exhumed mantle rocks has been challenging to interpret, as it often records a combination of melting, metasomatism, and diffusional processes in spatially isolated samples. Here, we determine the temporal variations of H2O contents in pyroxenes from a 24-Ma time series of abyssal peridotites exposed along the Vema fracture zone (Atlantic Ocean). The H2O contents of pyroxenes correlate with both crustal ages and pyroxene chemistry and increase toward younger and more refractory peridotites. These variations are inconsistent with residual values after melting and opposite to trends often observed in mantle xenoliths. Postmelting hydrogen enrichment occurred by ionic diffusion during cryptic metasomatism of peridotite residues by low-degree, volatile-rich melts and was particularly effective in the most depleted peridotites. The presence of hydrous melts under ridges leads to widespread hydrogen incorporation in the oceanic lithosphere, likely lowering mantle viscosity compared to dry models.
    Description: Funding for this study was supported by NSF EAR-P&G 1524311 and 1839128 to V.L.R. and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research to V.L.R. A.C. and D.B. were funded by the Italian Programma di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale PRIN 20178LPCPW and PRIN2017KY5ZX8, respectively. Revisions were performed within the duration of a “Visiting Scholar at SCIENCE 2020” award to V.L.R. (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), with support from the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section for Geology.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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