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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Water samples were taken during North Sea to Fram Strait expedition PS99.1 with RV Polarstern from 14 to 23 Jun 2016. Water samples were collected from CTD Niskin bottles at five to six different depths from the upper 100 m. The same water samples were measured as in Liu et al. (2021). Water samples for CDOM absorption analysis were filtered through 0.2 µm filters and analysed onboard with a 2.5-m path length liquid waveguide capillary cell system (LWCC, WPI) following Levering et al. (2017). Details on method adaptation to our instrumentation set-up are provided in Alvarez et al. (2022). Salinity data were taken using SeaBird 911-plus CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) mounted on the SBE 32 Carousel Water Sampler (Rosette) equipped with 24 Niskin Bottles (12-L capacity). CTD data were also quality checked using salinity measured from water samples and analysed in laboratory with Autosal Salinometer Guildine 8400B. Extrapolated data were used from CTD downcasts based on data at depths were also water samples were taken.
    Keywords: absorption; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 350 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 352 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 354 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 356 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 358 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 360 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 362 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 364 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 366 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 368 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 370 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 372 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 374 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 376 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 378 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 380 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 382 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 384 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 386 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 388 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 390 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 392 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 394 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 396 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 398 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 400 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 402 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 404 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 406 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 408 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 410 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 412 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 414 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 416 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 418 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 420 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 422 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 424 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 426 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 428 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 430 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 432 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 434 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 436 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 438 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 440 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 442 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 444 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 446 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 448 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 450 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 452 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 454 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 456 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 458 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 460 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 462 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 464 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 466 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 468 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 470 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 472 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 474 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 476 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 478 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 480 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 482 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 484 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 486 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 488 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 490 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 492 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 494 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 496 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 498 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 500 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 502 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 504 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 506 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 508 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 510 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 512 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 514 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 516 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 518 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 520 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 522 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 524 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 526 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 528 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 530 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 532 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 534 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 536 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 538 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 540 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 542 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 544 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 546 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 548 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 550 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 552 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 554 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 556 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 558 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 560 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 562 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 564 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 566 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 568 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 570 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 572 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 574 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 576 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 578 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 580 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 582 nm; Absorption coefficient, colored
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5952 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: This study presents aspects of the spatial and temporal variability of abyssal water masses in the Ionian Sea, as derived from recent temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and velocity observations and from comparisons between these and former observations. Previous studies showed how in the Southern Adriatic Sea the Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) became fresher (ΔS ≈ −0.08) and colder (ΔT ≈ −0.1°C) after experiencing warming and salinification between 2003 and 2007. Our data, collected from October 2009 to July 2010 from two bottom moorings, one within the Strait of Otranto and the other in the northern Ionian, confirm this tendency: a bottom vein of southward-flowing AdDW, whose temperature and salinity continuously decreased during the observation time, was detected there. Typically, the vein travel time between the two stations ranged between 45 and 50 days. This gave us a temporal estimate for AdDW anomaly propagation towards the Ionian abyss from their Adriatic generation region. The density excess of the observed vein was always enough to enable its existence as a bottom-arrested current. This evidence confirms that, at that time (2009 and 2010), the Adriatic Sea was greatly contributing to the formation of Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW), the bottom water of the Eastern Mediterranean. Hence, based on these results and on the evidence that, from 2003 to 2009, abyssal Ionian waters became saltier and warmer under the time-lagged influence of AdDW, possible future changes in the EMDW characteristics, as a response to Adriatic variability, are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The Mediterranean Sea has been sampled irregularly by research vessels in the past, mostly by national expeditions in regional waters. To monitor the hydrographic, biogeochemical and circulation changes in the Mediterranean Sea, a systematic repeat oceanographic survey programme called Med-SHIP was recommended by the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) in 2011, as part of the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). Med-SHIP consists of zonal and meridional surveys with different frequencies, where comprehensive physical and biogeochemical properties are measured with the highest international standards. The first zonal survey was done in 2011 and repeated in 2018. In addition, a network of meridional (and other key) hydrographic sections were designed: the first cycle of these sections was completed in 2016, with three cruises funded by the EU project EUROFLEETS2. This paper presents the physical and chemical data of the meridional and key transects in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea collected during those cruises.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-01-26
    Description: The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (〈ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://oceanbestpractices.org" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"〉oceanbestpractices.org〈/ext-link〉) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-09-26
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-04-04
    Description: Water mass generation and mixing in the eastern Fram Strait are strongly influenced by the interaction between Atlantic and Arctic waters and by the local atmospheric forcing, which produce dense water that substantially contributes to maintaining the global thermohaline circulation. The West Spitsbergen margin is an ideal area to study such processes. Hence, in order to investigate the deep flow variability on short-term, seasonal, and multiannual timescales, two moorings were deployed at ~1040 m depth on the southwest Spitsbergen continental slope. We present and discuss time series data collected between June 2014 and June 2016. They reveal thermohaline and current fluctuations that were largest from October to April, when the deep layer, typically occupied by Norwegian Sea Deep Water, was perturbed by sporadic intrusions of warmer, saltier, and less dense water. Surprisingly, the observed anomalies occurred quasi-simultaneously at both sites, despite their distance (~170 km). We argue that these anomalies may arise mainly by the effect of topographically trapped waves excited and modulated by atmospheric forcing. Propagation of internal waves causes a change in the vertical distribution of the Atlantic water, which can reach deep layers. During such events, strong currents typically precede thermohaline variations without significant changes in turbidity. However, turbidity increases during April–June in concomitance with enhanced downslope currents. Since prolonged injections of warm water within the deep layer could lead to a progressive reduction of the density of the abyssal water moving toward the Arctic Ocean, understanding the interplay between shelf, slope, and deep waters along the west Spitsbergen margin could be crucial for making projections on future changes in the global thermohaline circulation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-06-18
    Description: The large-scale circulation and dense water formation (DWF) in the Svalbard archipelago influence the thermohaline circulation in the whole Arctic. In particular, DWF depends on the rate of cooling and homogenisation of the Atlantic water along its northward pathway, brine rejection, boundary convection on shelves and slopes, and open-ocean convection. This study focuses on brine rejection, shelf convection and entrainment processes, which occur in the SW Spitsbergen area. Two short (~140m) moorings (named S1 and ID2), deployed at a depth of ~1040 m over the slope, collected multiannual (2014-2017) time-series in an area of interaction between the West Spitsbergen Current and the descending dense shelf plumes. Time-series revealed a large thermohaline and current variability between October and April. Data highlight the presence of Norwegian Sea Deep Water (θ = -0.90°C, S = 34.90, σθ = 28.07 kg m-3) influenced by occasional intrusions of warmer (up to +2°C), saltier (up to ~35), and less dense (down to 27.98 kg m-3) water during fall-winter periods. Interestingly, such intrusions occur simultaneously at both sites, despite their distance (~170 km), suggesting that winter meteorological perturbations play an important role in triggering dense shelf plumes, which collect particulate matter during their descent. Here we discuss the origin, timing, and role of such turbidity plumes in a period characterized by a general warming and ice reduction of the Arctic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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