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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ontogenetic changes in morphometric and reproductive indices were studied using 166 individuals of the arctic gonatid squid Gonatus fabricii (7.3–322 mm pen length) collected in the southern part of the Norwegian Sea. Body proportions and consistency of the mantle and fins did not change in maturing and mature males. In contrast, during maturation the females first lost their tentacles, then the horny rings of their 4th arm suckers, and the muscular part of their body turned watery and gelatinous. Unlike most squid, G. fabricii females start mating at maturity stage III, and all but one female at stage IV had mated, as well as all spent females. Females had high values of both gonadosomatic index and maturity indices compared to those of the North Pacific gonatids, whereas gonadosomatic index values of males were low, probably due to slow functioning of both testis and spermatophoric gland, and long accumulation of spermatophores in the Needham's sac. It is suggested that the breakdown of female body tissues is an adaptation for a deepwater bathypelagic “brooding” of the negatively buoyant egg-mass caused by the high specific density of the secretion from the nidamental glands in gonatids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Statolith shape and microstructure were studied in 151 specimens of the common arctic squid Gonatus fabricii (7.3–322 mm pen length) collected in the southern Norwegian Sea. Statolith development and growth both comprised two main periods, which corresponded with the epipelagic and meso-bathypelagic ontogenetic periods of G. fabricii. During the epipelagic period (pen length range from 3 to 50–60 mm), statoliths quickly developed from the droplet-like form in early paralarvae to the pre-definite stage in juveniles (30–50 mm pen length). Paralarval and juvenile statoliths grew with high growth rates, and their microstructure contained narrow first-order growth increments. Three main growth zones (Z1, Z2, Z3) developed during this period, being well distinguished from each other by specific patterns of microstructure and separated from each other by distinct checks. During the meso-bathypelagic period (from 50–60 to 322 mm pen length), statoliths hardly changed their shape and grew very slowly. Only one growth zone (Z4) was formed within the statolith microstructure, characterized by disappearance of the first growth increments and formation of specific second-order bands. Each second-order band consisted of approximately seven first-order increments. If the assumption “one increment-one day” is true for G. fabricii, the squid would then be a slow-growing animal with a life span for both sexes not exceeding 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © National Research Council Canada, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of National Research Council Canada for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61 (2004): 1212-1224, doi:10.1139/F04-075.
    Description: We quantified elemental signatures in statoliths of 718 Patagonian longfin squid (Loligo gahi) collected in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands (southwest Atlantic) and at sites on the Patagonian Shelf and coastal Peru. All squid were assigned to a spawning cohort by size, spawning condition, and back-calculated spawning date based on daily increments in statoliths. The remaining statolith was then analyzed for six elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Pb/Ca) using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Elemental concentrations in the statoliths were broadly similar to other biogenic aragonites. Differences in Sr/Ca ratios in statoliths among geographic locations were generally consistent with a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and temperature. Variations in statolith Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca values confirmed that during winter months, the squid were foraging deeper in the water column. Both Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in statoliths decreased with squid size, probably corresponding to a decrease in the contribution of the organic component of the statolith. Elemental signatures in the statoliths of L. gahi varied significantly geographically and between spring- and autumn-spawned cohorts, which must therefore have spent significant portions of their life histories in different environments.
    Description: The research was funded by the Falkland Islands Government and was also supported in part by National Science Foundation grants OCE-9871047 and OCE-0134998 to S.R.T.
    Keywords: Patagonian longfin squid ; Loligo gahi ; Sr/Ca ratios ; Mg/Ca ratios ; Mn/Ca ratios
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 696571 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: Statolith microstructure was studied in eight specimens of the boreal sepiolid Rossia pacifica (mantle length ranging from 45to 90mm) caught on the continental slope of Northwest Bering Sea. Growth increments were presented in all ground statoliths and were narrow and uniform width (average 3.2 - 3.3µm). They were grouped into inner opaque and outer translucent growth zones. The total number of growth increments within the statoliths of mature males (75-78) was lower than of mature females (95-117 increments). Assuming growth increments to be laid down daily, the life span from hatching to death of R. pacifica in the Bering Sea may be 4-5 months.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Cambridge Univ. Pr.
    In:  Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 77 (3). pp. 839-869.
    Publication Date: 2021-02-23
    Description: Ontogenetic changes in the body morphology, morphometrics, age, growth, maturation, fecundity, feeding spectrum and parasites were studied in 218 specimens of the oceanic nektonic squid Onychoteuthis banksi and in two specimens of the rare planktonic squid Chaunoteuthis mollis (Onychoteuthidae) caught in the tropical waters between 1977 and 1990. Similarities between the two species in major taxonomic features and in several morphometrical indices suggest that C. mollis is in fact a mature female of O. banksi with degenerated mantle and fin muscles and lost tentacles. Thus, C. mollis will be considered as a lesser synonym of O. banksi. Statolith microstructure analysis reveals that O. banksi is a slow-growing squid with low maturation rates, spending the first 240–260 d of life in the epipelagic zone. The main features of the reproductive strategy include earlier maturation of the males, small eggs (0.2–0.5 mm in diameter by the end of protoplasmic growth), synchronous development of oocytes and high potential fecundity (51,000–205,000 eggs). Onychoteuthis banksi is an opportunistic predator, shifting to a fish and squid diet much earlier and at smaller sizes (20–40 mm ML) than ommastrephid squid. The feeding activity of small and medium O. banksi (20–80 mm ML) is a little higher and that of large O. banksi (80–148 mm ML) is lower than in ommastrephids of the same size. The helminth fauna of O. banksi is impoverished and consists of ‘food parasites’: larval Didymozoidea and Scolex spp. The level of infection is low, only reaching -52 specimens per host in large squid. The nature of the life cycle of O. banksi and possible evolutionary trends in the development of the ‘Chaunoteuthis’ stage for maturation and spawning of females in the deep water are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Seasonal distribution, size composition, age structure and growth of Berryteuthis magister juveniles (mantle length from 20 to 130 mm) were studied in the western Bering Sea (from 1700E to 179°W) between June and October 1994. According to the analysis of 1030 statoliths, the juveniles hatched from December to June with a peak in February and March. Growth data for different seasonally hatched groups were best fitted by an exponential function, summer-hatched juveniles demonstrated the fastest growth. B. magister attained the length at which it recruits (130 mm mantle length) at an age ranging from 140 to 200 days. Comparison of variability of both juvenile age structures and geostrophic currents in the region revealed that the Eastern Bering Slope Current (EBSC) was the main carrier of B. magister juveniles from the spawning grounds to the western Bering Sea. Seasonal variability of the EBSC determined the differences in juvenile migratory patterns. During its intense stage in May-June, the EBSC transported winter-hatched and spring-hatched juveniles first to the eastern part of the region and then westward along the slope. During its relaxed stage in July-September, the EBSC carried spring- and summer-hatched juveniles across the deep-water part of the Aleutian Basin directly to the western part of the region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: The microstructure, morphology and ontogenetic development of statoliths and age and growth of 405 planktonic paralarvae and 117 juveniles belonging to 10 species of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) were studied in the region of the continental slope in the western part of the Bering Sea (57°00′–61°30′N, 163°00′E–179°20′W). The statolith microstructure of all species was characterized by the presence of a large droplet-shaped nucleus and bipartite postnuclear zone divided into two by the first stress check, except for Berryteuthis magister which had only one stress check and an undivided postnuclear zone. In Gonatus spp., completion of development of the postnuclear zone coincided with full development of the central hook on the tentacular club. Daily periodicity of statolith growth increments was validated by maintaining 13 paralarvae of the four most abundant species in captivity. All species might be subdivided into two groups based on statolith microstructure, i.e. species with a central position of the nucleus within the first statolith check (Gonatopsis spp., Egonatus tinro and B.magister) and species with the nucleus shifted to the inner side of the first statolith check (Gonatus spp.). Comparative analysis of statolith morphology showed that paralarval statoliths have species-specific characters that allowed the construction of keys to identify species of gonatid paralarvae based on their statoliths. Analysis of paralarval growth using statoliths revealed that these cold-water planktonic gonatid paralarvae have fast growth rates, attaining a mantle length of 7–10 mm at 15–20 days and 20–25 mm at 35–70 days.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: Statolith microstructure was studied in hatchlings of deepwater-spawned gonatid squid Gonatus onyx, caught between 1350 and 1420 m over a bottom depth of 2100 m in the San Clemente Basin off San Diego, California. It was found that the shape and size of the hatchling statolith were similar to those of the first-check statolith observed in paralarvae and small juveniles of G.onyx. The inner part of the bipartite postnuclear zone (= first-check statolith) is formed during late embryo-genesis, and the first check within the statolith microstructure must be considered as a starting point of increment counting for age estimation of Gonatus
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Fishery statistics for two abundant commercial squid, Illex argentinus (Ommastrephidae) and Loligo gahi (Loliginidae), in Falkland Islands waters (southwest Atlantic) between 1987 and 1999 were analysed. The areas of the highest densities of the two species are usually separated, with I. argentinus most abundant to the north-west of the Islands in February–May and L. gahi to the south-east in February–May and August–October. However, in some years, I. argentinus intrude in great numbers into nursery or feeding areas of L. gahi in April and May. It could, therefore, affect, either directly (via predation) or indirectly (by competition for food), the abundance and recruitment of the second cohort of L. gahi, exploited around the Islands between April and October. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of I. argentinus in February–March did not correlate with that of L. gahi in February–May. In contrast, the CPUE of I. argentinus in April–May was negatively correlated with that of L. gahi in April–May and August–October of the same year. Possible reasons for these inverse abundance patterns of the two squid species, and their implications for fisheries management are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Canadian Science Publishing (CSP)
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61 (7). pp. 1212-1224.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-26
    Description: We quantified elemental signatures in statoliths of 718 Patagonian longfin squid (Loligo gahi) collected in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands (southwest Atlantic) and at sites on the Patagonian Shelf and coastal Peru. All squid were assigned to a spawning cohort by size, spawning condition, and back-calculated spawning date based on daily increments in statoliths. The remaining statolith was then analyzed for six elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Pb/Ca) using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Elemental concentrations in the statoliths were broadly similar to other biogenic aragonites. Differences in Sr/Ca ratios in statoliths among geographic locations were generally consistent with a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and temperature. Variations in statolith Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca values confirmed that during winter months, the squid were foraging deeper in the water column. Both Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in statoliths decreased with squid size, probably corresponding to a decrease in the contribution of the organic component of the statolith. Elemental signatures in the statoliths of L. gahi varied significantly geographically and between spring- and autumn-spawned cohorts, which must therefore have spent significant portions of their life histories in different environments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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