Description: This data set includes the 50 m and 200 m bathymetry model for the Lena Delta region covering 232,700 km2 stretching from Cape Mamontov Klyk in the western Laptev Sea to Kotelny Island in the New Siberian Islands. The models were calculated with the topo to raster tool in ArcGIS TM version 10.6 based on depth points and isobaths lines derived from large-scale current and historical nautical maps. The final bathymetry models are available in GeoTiff format in 50 m (TTR_50m_LenaDelta.tif) and 200 m (TTR_200m_LenaDelta.tif) spatial resolution. In addition, the data set includes the complete input data for the bathymetry models. The input data consists of a point shapefile (Depth_points_LenaDelta.shp) including 50,828 manually digitized depth point measurements, a polyline shapefile (Isobaths_LenaDelta.shp) including 720 manually digitized isobath lines and a polygon shapefile (Water_area_LenaDelta.shp) for the water extent. The Lena Delta region bathymetry was validated with depth data derived from ship cruises in 2019 (Fuchs et al. submitted, Palmtag et al., 2021) as well as water depth data available on PANGAEA (e.g. Hölemann et al., 2020).

Description: This data set includes the 50 m and 200 m bathymetry model for the Kolyma Gulf region covering an area of 12,100 km2 extending from the apex of the Kolyma Delta (5 km downstream of the city of Cherskiy) to 70 km offshore into the East Siberian Sea. The models were calculated with the topo to raster tool in ArcGIS TM version 10.6 based on depth points and isobaths lines derived from large-scale current and historical nautical maps. In addition, the water area extent for this region was derived from the Global Surface Water layer by Pekel et al. (2016). The final bathymetry models are available in GeoTiff format in 50 m (TTR_50m_KolymaGulf.tif) and 200 m (TTR_200m_KolymaGulf.tif) spatial resolution. In addition, the data set includes the complete input data for the bathymetry models. The input data consists of a point shapefile (Depth_points_KolymaGulf.shp) including 24,126 manually digitized point depth measurements, a polyline shapefile (Isobaths_KolymaGulf.shp) including 1,053 manually digitized isobath lines and a polygon shapefile (Water_area_KolymaGulf.shp) for the water extent. The Kolyma Gulf region bathymetry was validated with depth data derived from ship cruises in 2019 (Palmtag and Mann, 2021).

Description: This data set includes spatial high-resolution bathymetry data sets for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf regions. Based on large-scale current and historical nautical maps, depth points and isobaths lines were manually digitized and served as input data for the bathymetry models. The models were calculated with the topo to raster tool in ArcGIS TM version 10.6 into a 50 m (TTR50) and a 200 m (TTR200) grid cell bathymetry for both regions. The models were validated with depth data derived from ship cruises in 2019 (Fuchs et al., submitted, Palmtag et al., 2021, Palmtag and Mann, 2021) and water depth data available on PANGAEA (e.g. Hölemann et al., 2020). Beside the bathymetry models for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf regions which are available in GeoTiff format, this data set contains the complete input data for the models, which includes the depth point data, the isobaths lines, and the water area extent in shapefile format for both regions.

Description: Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land-ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments, as well assessing impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75,000 locations from large-scale (1:25,000 – 1:500,000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in Northeast Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta/gulf regions in 50 m and 200 m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r 〉 0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean but may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modelling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport.

Description: Thawing and freezing of permafrost ground are affected by various reasons: air temperature, vegetation, snow accumulation, subsurface physical properties, and moisture. Due to the rising of air temperature, the permafrost temperature and the thermokarst activity increase. Thermokarst instability causes an imbalance for the hydrology system, topography, soils, sediment and nutrient cycle to lakes and streams. Hence the lakes and ponds are ubiquitous in permafrost region. The plants and animals fulfil their nutrient needs from water in the environment. Other animals acquire their needs from the plants and animals that they consume. Therefore the influence of degradation of lakes and ponds strongly affect biogeochemical cycles. This research aims to implement an automated workflow to map the water bodies caused by permafrost thawing. The scientific challenge is to test the machine learning techniques adaptability to assist the observation and mapping of the water bodies using aerial imagery. The study area is mainly located in northern Alaska and consists of five different locations: Ikpikpuk, Teschekpuk Central, Teshekpuk East, Tesheckpuk West, Meade East, and Meade West. To estimate the degradation of the high centred polygons distribution and potential degradation of ice wedges, I mapped the polygonal terrain and ice-wedge melt ponds using areal photogrammetry data of NIR and RGB bands captured by Thaw Trend Air 2019 flight campaign. The techniques used are unsupervised K-mean classification, supervised segment mean shift, and supervised random forest classification to model the water polygons from airborne photogrammetry. There are two phases to perform the machine learning classification; the first step is to test the accuracy of each technique and get to a conclusion about the most adapted method. The second is to prepare the Orthomosaic data, run the chosen workflow, and visualize the final results. The morphology filter with opening option application and clean boundary filters are practical before classification as they sharpen the image features. The conclusion is to use the Random forest classification as it was helpful in all NIR Orthomosaics; however, the RGB images required downsampling to provide adequate accuracy.

Description: Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land–ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1:25 000–1:500 000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200 m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r〉0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic–ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).