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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of Flagellate Diversity at Four Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Using Structural and Molecular Approaches (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Eighteen strains of flagellated protists representing nine species were isolated and cultured from four deep-sea hydrothermal vents: Juan de Fuca Ridge (2,200 m), Guaymas Basin (2,000 m), 21° N (2,550 m) and 9° N (2,000 m). Light and electron microscopy were used to identify flagellates to genus and, when possible, species. The small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of each vent species and related strains from shallow-waters and the American Type Culture Collection were sequenced then used for comparative analysis with database sequences to place taxa in an rDNA tree. The hydrothermal vent flagellates belonged to six different taxonomic orders: the Ancyromonadida, Bicosoecida, Cercomonadida, Choanoflagellida, Chrysomonadida, and Kinetoplastida. Comparative analysis of vent isolate and database sequences resolved systematic placement of some well-known species with previously uncertain taxonomic affinities, such as Ancyromonas sigmoides, Caecitellus parvulus and Maxxixteria marina. Many of these vent isolates are ubiquitous members of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, suggesting a global distribution of these flagellate species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00067.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancyromonadida: A New Phylogenetic Lineage Among the Protozoa Closely Related to the Common Ancestor of Metazoans, Fungi, and Choanoflagellates (Opisthokonta) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 278-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Protozoa — Flagellate —Ancyromonas—Apusomonas— Opisthokont — 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA — Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Molecular and morphological evidence points to the ancyromonad Ancyromonas as a plausible candidate for the closest relative to the common ancestor of metazoans, fungi, and choanoflagellates (the Opisthokonta). Using 18S rDNA sequences from most of the major eukaryotic lineages, maximum-likelihood, minimum-evolution, and maximum-parsimony analyses yielded congruent phylogenies supporting this hypothesis. Combined with ultrastructural similarities between Ancyromonas and opisthokonts, the evidence presented here suggests that Ancyromonas may form an independent lineage, the Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1997, closer in its relationship to the opisthokonts than is its nearest protist relatives, the Apusomonadida. However, the very low bootstrap support for deep nodes and hypothesis testing indicate that the resolving power of 18S rDNA sequences is limited for examining this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny. Alternate branching positions for the Ancyromonas lineage cannot be robustly rejected, revealing the importance of ultrastructure when examining the origins of multicellularity. The future use of a multigene approach may additionally be needed to resolve this aspect of eukaryotic phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010089
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  • 3
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    Effects of dissolved sulfide, pH, and temperature on growth and survival of marine hyperthermophilic archaea (2005)
    American Society for Microbiology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Society for Microbiology, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Society for Microbiology for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (2005): 6383-6387, doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6383-6387.2005.
    Description: The ability of metabolically diverse hyperthermophilic archaea to withstand high temperatures, low pHs, high sulfide concentrations, and the absence of carbon and energy sources was investigated. Close relatives of our study organisms, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Archaeoglobus profundus, Thermococcus fumicolans, and Pyrococcus sp. strain GB-D, are commonly found in hydrothermal vent chimney walls and hot sediments and possibly deeper in the subsurface, where highly dynamic hydrothermal flow patterns and steep chemical and temperature gradients provide an ever-changing mosaic of microhabitats. These organisms (with the possible exception of Pyrococcus strain GB-D) tolerated greater extremes of low pH, high sulfide concentration, and high temperature when actively growing and metabolizing than when starved of carbon sources and electron donors/acceptors. Therefore these organisms must be actively metabolizing in the hydrothermal vent chimneys, sediments, and subsurface in order to withstand at least 24 h of exposure to extremes of pH, sulfide, and temperature that occur in these environments.
    Description: This study was supported by the NSF (Life in Extreme Environments grant OCE-0085534 to A.T., S.J.M., S.B., K.G.L., S.B., and C.O.W.), the MBL (Environmental Genomes, S/C NCC2-1054) and URI (Subsurface Biospheres) NASA Astrobiology Institute Teams (A.T. and S.J.M.), an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Microbial Biology (M.S.A.), and an NRC Astrobiology postdoctoral fellowship (V.P.E.).
    Keywords: Hyperthermophilic archaea ; Hydrothermal vents
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 66771 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Assessment of flagellate diversity at deep-sea hydrothermal vents using the combined approach of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods (2010)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution May 2000
    Description: Eighteen strains of flagellated protists representing 9 species were isolated and cultured from four deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Eastern Pacific Ocean: Juan de Fuca Ridge, Guaymas Basin, and both 21°N and 9°N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). The hydrothermal vent flagellates belonged to six different taxonomic orders: the Ancyromonadida, Bicosoecida, Cercomonadida, Choanoflagellida, Chrysomonadida, and Kinetoplastida. Molecular and ultrastructural evidence point to one of the isolates, Ancyromonas, as a plausible candidate for the closest relative to the common ancestor of Metazoans, Fungi, and Choanoflagellates (the Opisthokonta). Using l8S rDNA sequences from most of the major eukaryotic lineages, maximum likelihood, minimum evolution and maximum parsimony analyses yielded congruent phylogenies supporting this hypothesis. Deep-sea vent samples were both cultured to select for kinetoplastid flagellates and analyzed without culturing by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using PCR primers specific to the kinetoplastid clade. By comparing these two different methods of analysis, my goal was to decrease the biases and/or errors inherent in either method alone and to improve our ability to assess flagellate diversity and distribution in samples from remote vent environments. PCR and DGGE were used to specifically isolate and amplify target DNA's from all cultured kinetoplastid species in matching vent samples, thus corroborating the findings of culturing. Molecular methods had the additional ability to detect species presence where culturing did not, thereby providing a better indication of the distribution of these species. Many of the vent isolates were ubiquitous members of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, suggesting a global distribution of these flagellate species. This discovery advanced the hypothesis that ubiquity in distribution patterns among heterotrophic flagellates implies high tolerance and/or adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions. Experiments under vent conditions of high pressure and high concentrations of metals and sulfide showed that some of these species are very tolerant to extreme environmental conditions.
    Description: WHOI Education Office, National Science Foundation, Rhinehart Coastal Research Center, PADI Foundation
    Keywords: Zooflagellates ; Hydrothermal vents
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 5
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    Sulfide ameliorates metal toxicity for deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea (2005)
    American Society for Microbiology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Society for Microbiology, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Society for Microbiology for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 (2004): 2551-2555, doi:10.1128/AEM.70.4.2551-2555.2004.
    Description: The chemical stress factors for microbial life at deep-sea hydrothermal vents include high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfide. Three hyperthermophilic vent archaea, the sulfur-reducing heterotrophs Thermococcus fumicolans and Pyrococcus strain GB-D and the chemolithoautotrophic methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, were tested for survival tolerance to heavy metals (Zn, Co, and Cu) and sulfide. The sulfide addition consistently ameliorated the high toxicity of free metal cations by the formation of dissolved metal-sulfide complexes as well as solid precipitates. Thus, chemical speciation of heavy metals with sulfide allows hydrothermal vent archaea to tolerate otherwise toxic metal concentrations in their natural environment.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Life in Extreme Environments [LExEn] grant OCE-0085534 to A.T., S.J.M., K.L, S.B., and C.O.W.), an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Microbial Biology (M.S.A.), the MBL (Environmental Genomes, S/C NCC2-1054) and URI (Subsurface Biospheres) NASA Astrobiology Institute Teams (A.T. and S.J.M.), an NRC Astrobiology postdoctoral fellowship (V.P.E.), and a Princeton Harry Hess postdoctoral fellowship (M.A.S.).
    Keywords: Thermococcus fumicolans ; Pyrococcus ; Methanocaldococcus jannaschii ; Heavy metals
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 1020522 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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