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  • 1
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical oceanography Congresses ; Biogeochemistry Congresses ; Continental margins Congresses ; Congresses ; Chemical oceanography ; Konferenzschrift ; Meereskunde ; Biogeochemie ; Küste
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: XVI, 469 S , Ill., graph. Darst
    ISBN: 0471926736
    Serie: Dahlem Workshop reports 9
    DDC: 551.46 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: "Held and published on behalf of the Freie Universitat Berlin." "Sponsored by Senat der Stadt Berlin, Marga and Kurt Mollgaard Stiftung." "A Wiley-Interscience pulication."Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Wiley-Interscience pulication."Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental geochemistry. ; Electronic books.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (325 pages)
    Ausgabe: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9781444312379
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry, SECOND EDITION -- Contents -- Boxes -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 What is environmental chemistry? -- 1.2 In the beginning -- 1.3 Origin and evolution of the Earth -- 1.3.1 Formation of the crust and atmosphere -- 1.3.2 The hydrosphere -- 1.3.3 The origin of life and evolution of the atmosphere -- 1.4 Human effects on biogeochemical cycles? -- 1.5 The structure of this book -- 1.6 Internet keywords -- 1.7 Further reading -- 1.8 Internet search keywords -- 2: Environmental Chemist's Toolbox -- 2.1 About this chapter -- 2.2 Order in the elements? -- 2.3 Bonding -- 2.3.1 Covalent bonds -- 2.3.2 Ionic bonding, ions and ionic solids -- 2.4 Using chemical equations -- 2.5 Describing amounts of substances: the mole -- 2.6 Concentration and activity -- 2.7 Organic molecules - structure and chemistry -- 2.7.1 Functional groups -- 2.7.2 Representing organic matter in simple equations -- 2.8 Radioactivity of elements -- 2.9 Finding more chemical tools in this book -- 2.10 Further reading -- 2.11 Internet search keywords -- 3: The Atmosphere -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Composition of the atmosphere -- 3.3 Steady state or equilibrium? -- 3.4 Natural sources -- 3.4.1 Geochemical sources -- 3.4.2 Biological sources -- 3.5 Reactivity of trace substances in the atmosphere -- 3.6 The urban atmosphere -- 3.6.1 London smog - primary pollution -- 3.6.2 Los Angeles smog - secondary pollution -- 3.6.3 21st-century particulate pollution -- 3.7 Air pollution and health -- 3.8 Effects of air pollution -- 3.9 Removal processes -- 3.10 Chemistry of the stratosphere -- 3.10.1 Stratospheric ozone formation and destruction -- 3.10.2 Ozone destruction by halogenated species -- 3.10.3 Saving the ozone layer. , 3.11 Further reading -- 3.12 Internet search keywords -- 4: The Chemistry of Continental Solids -- 4.1 The terrestrial environment, crust and material cycling -- 4.2 The structure of silicate minerals -- 4.2.1 Coordination of ions and the radius ratio rule -- 4.2.2 The construction of silicate minerals -- 4.2.3 Structural organization in silicate minerals -- 4.3 Weathering processes -- 4.4 Mechanisms of chemical weathering -- 4.4.1 Dissolution -- 4.4.2 Oxidation -- 4.4.3 Acid hydrolysis -- 4.4.4 Weathering of complex silicate minerals -- 4.5 Clay minerals -- 4.5.1 One to one clay mineral structure -- 4.5.2 Two to one clay mineral structure -- 4.6 Formation of soils -- 4.6.1 Parent (bedrock) material (p) -- 4.6.2 Climate (cl) -- 4.6.3 Relief (r) -- 4.6.4 Vegetation (v) -- 4.6.5 Influence of organisms (o) -- 4.7 Wider controls on soil and clay mineral formation -- 4.8 Ion exchange and soil pH -- 4.9 Soil structure and classification -- 4.9.1 Soils with argillic horizons -- 4.9.2 Spodosols (podzols) -- 4.9.3 Soils with gley horizons -- 4.10 Contaminated land -- 4.10.1 Organic contaminants in soils -- 4.10.2 Degradation of organic contaminants in soils -- 4.10.3 Remediation of contaminated land -- 4.10.4 Phytoremediation -- 4.11 Further reading -- 4.12 Internet search keywords -- 5: The Chemistry of Continental Waters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Element chemistry -- 5.3 Water chemistry and weathering regimes -- 5.3.1 Alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and pH buffering -- 5.4 Aluminium solubility and acidity -- 5.4.1 Acidification from atmospheric inputs -- 5.4.2 Acid mine drainage -- 5.4.3 Recognizing acidification from sulphate data - ternary diagrams -- 5.5 Biological processes -- 5.5.1 Nutrients and eutrophication -- 5.6 Heavy metal contamination -- 5.6.1 Mercury contamination from gold mining -- 5.7 Contamination of groundwater. , 5.7.1 Anthropogenic contamination of groundwater -- 5.7.2 Natural arsenic contamination of groundwater -- 5.8 Further reading -- 5.9 Internet search keywords -- 6: The Oceans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Estuarine processes -- 6.2.1 Aggregation of colloidal material in estuaries -- 6.2.2 Mixing processes in estuaries -- 6.2.3 Halmyrolysis and ion exchange in estuaries -- 6.2.4 Microbiological activity in estuaries -- 6.3 Major ion chemistry of seawater -- 6.4 Chemical cycling of major ions -- 6.4.1 Sea-to-air fluxes -- 6.4.2 Evaporites -- 6.4.3 Cation exchange -- 6.4.4 Calcium carbonate formation -- 6.4.5 Opaline silica -- 6.4.6 Sulphides -- 6.4.7 Hydrothermal processes -- 6.4.8 The potassium problem: balancing the seawater major ion budget -- 6.5 Minor chemical components in seawater -- 6.5.1 Dissolved gases -- 6.5.2 Dissolved ions -- 6.5.3 Conservative behaviour -- 6.5.4 Nutrient-like behaviour -- 6.5.5 Scavenged behaviour -- 6.6 The role of iron as a nutrient in the oceans -- 6.7 Ocean circulation and its effects on trace element distribution -- 6.8 Anthropogenic effects on ocean chemistry -- 6.8.1 Human effects on regional seas 1: the Baltic -- 6.8.2 Human effects on regional seas 2: the Gulf of Mexico -- 6.8.3 Human effects on total ocean minor element budgets -- 6.9 Further reading -- 6.10 Internet search keywords -- 7: Global Change -- 7.1 Why study global-scale environmental chemistry? -- 7.2 The carbon cycle -- 7.2.1 The atmospheric record -- 7.2.2 Natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks -- 7.2.3 The global budget of natural and anthropogenic carbon dioxide -- 7.2.4 The effects of elevated carbon dioxide levels on global temperature and other properties -- 7.3 The sulphur cycle -- 7.3.1 The global sulphur cycle and anthropogenic effects -- 7.3.2 The sulphur cycle and atmospheric acidity -- 7.3.3 The sulphur cycle and climate. , 7.4 Persistent organic pollutants -- 7.4.1 Persistent organic pollutant mobility in the atmosphere -- 7.4.2 Global persistent organic polllutant equilibrium -- 7.5 Further reading -- 7.6 Internet search keywords -- Index -- Color plates.
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  • 3
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: S. 895-985 , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Serie: Deep-sea research 56.2009,15
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
    Buch
    Buch
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical oceanography ; Marine sediments ; Geochemistry ; Meereskunde ; Geochemie ; Hydrochemie ; Hydrologie ; Hydromechanik ; Wasser ; Meer ; Meerwasser ; Angewandte Hydrologie ; Hydrogeochemie ; Hydrogeologie ; Hydrothermalgebiet ; Meeresgeologie ; Meeressediment ; Sedimenttransport ; Sedimentation ; Meereschemie ; Meeresbiologie ; Meeresökologie ; Salzwasser ; Meeresphysik ; Meeresströmung ; Hydrodynamik ; Fluss ; Atmosphäre
    Materialart: Buch
    Seiten: VII, 411 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Ausgabe: 3. ed.
    ISBN: 9781405187343 , 9781118349076
    DDC: 551.46
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons
    Schlagwort(e): Chemical oceanography ; Geochemistry Electronic books ; Chemical oceanography ; Geochemistry ; Marine sediments ; Marine sediments ; Electronic books ; Meereskunde ; Geochemie ; Hydrochemie ; Hydrologie ; Hydromechanik ; Wasser ; Meer ; Meerwasser ; Angewandte Hydrologie ; Hydrogeochemie ; Hydrogeologie ; Hydrothermalgebiet ; Meeresgeologie ; Meeressediment ; Meerwasser ; Sedimenttransport ; Sedimentation ; Hydrogeochemie ; Meereschemie ; Meeresbiologie ; Meeresökologie ; Salzwasser ; Meeresphysik ; Meeresströmung ; Hydrodynamik ; Fluss ; Atmosphäre
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Marine Geochemistry offers a fully comprehensive and integrated treatment of the chemistry of the oceans, their sediments and biota. The first edition of the book received strong critical acclaim and was described as ?a standard text for years to come.? This third edition of Marine Geochemistry has been written at a time when the role of the oceans in the Earth System is becoming increasingly apparent. Following the successful format adopted previously, this new edition treats the oceans as a unified entity, and addresses the question ?how do the oceans work as a chemical system?? To address this question, the text has been updated to cover recent advances in our understanding of topics such as the carbon chemistry of the oceans, nutrient cycling and its effect on marine chemistry, the acidification of sea water, and the role of the oceans in climate change. In addition, the importance of shelf seas in oceanic cycles has been re-evaluated in the light of new research. Marine Geochemistry offers both students and research workers an integrated approach to one of the most important reservoirs in the Earth System.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (vii, 411 p., [12] p. of plates)) , ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)
    Ausgabe: 3rd ed (Online-Ausg.)
    ISBN: 9781283592277 , 1283592274 , 9781118349113
    DDC: 551.46
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 1 (1995), S. 355-374 
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Schlagwort(e): aerosol dissolution ; atmosphere ; rainwater ; seawater ; trace metals ; speciation ; pH cycling ; photochemistry ; particulate load
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous work has shown that the type and pH history of an aerosol governs trace metal solubility in rainwater. This study concentrates on the crustal elements Al, Fe and Mn and identifies additional processes which affect dissolution not only in the atmosphere but also on mixing into seawater. Aerosol dissolution experiments (at aerosol concentrations of about 30 mg 1−1) show manganese exhibiting high solubility at the low pH values typical of clouds (54±2.5% at pH 2, with results expressed in mole percent units) with 85% of this increase occurring within 6 hours of acidification. The percentage dissolution decreases to 50% at pH values representative of rainwater (pH 5.5) and to 26±4% at pH 8, typical of seawater. No such dramatic solution phase removal occurs at pH 8 in the presence of inorganic anions (to a final solubility of 44±2%). Thus the extent of manganese dissolution depends strongly on whether aerosols are cycled through acidic environments and on subsequent inorganic complexation once rainwater mixes into sea. Aluminium shows highest dissolution (7.1±0.6%) at low pH with 78% of this increase occurring within 6 hours of acidification. Rapid solution phase removal occurs on increasing the pH to that representative of rainwater (to 0.9±0.4% with 87% of this decrease occurring within 15 min). As a consequence of acid cycling and aluminium's amphoteric nature, solubility is enhanced at seawater pH (2.3±0.3%) over that in rain. Iron shows a strong pH-solubility relationship with highest solubility at low pH (4.7±0.2%), 70% of this value being reached within 6 hours of acidification, and decreasing rapidly to 0.17% as pH is raised to 8. Addition of inorganic anions at pH 8 to simulate mixing into seawater causes a further decrease in solubility, perhaps due to anion induced colloid destabilisation. Photochemical reduction also effects solubility under low pH conditions with Fe(II) comprising 1% of the total iron in the Saharan Aerosol used and 8.4% in an Urban material at a pH of ≈ 2. This element shows rapid solution phase removal with increasing particulate load which is tentatively rationalised in terms of a simple Kd approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-22
    Materialart: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-01-27
    Beschreibung: Dissolved iron (dFe) distributions and atmospheric and vertical subduction fluxes of dFe were determined in the upper water column for two meridional transects of the Atlantic Ocean. The data demonstrate the disparity between the iron biogeochemistry of the North and South Atlantic Ocean and show well-defined gradients of size fractionated iron species in surface waters between geographic provinces. The highest dFe and lowest mixed layer residence times (0.4–2.5 years) were found in the northern tropical and subtropical regions. In contrast, the South Atlantic Gyre had lower dFe concentrations (〈0.4 nM) and much longer residence times (〉5 years), presumably due to lower atmospheric inputs and more efficient biological recycling of iron in this region. Vertical input fluxes of dFe to surface waters ranged from 20 to 170 nmol m–2 d–1 in the North Atlantic and tropical provinces, whereas average fluxes of 6–13 nmol m–2 d–1 were estimated for the South Atlantic. Our estimates showed that the variable dFe distribution over the surface Atlantic (〈0.1–2.0 nM) predominantly reflected atmospheric Fe deposition fluxes (〉50% of total vertical Fe flux to surface waters) rather than upwelling or vertical mixing. This demonstrates the strength of the connection between land-derived atmospheric Fe fluxes and the biological cycling of carbon and nitrogen in the Atlantic Ocean.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: An ocean iodine cycling model is presented, which predicts upper ocean iodine speciation. The model comprises a three-layer advective and diffusive ocean circulation model of the upper ocean, and an iodine cycling model embedded within this circulation. The two primary reservoirs of iodine are represented, iodide and iodate. Iodate is reduced to iodide in the mixed layer in association with primary production, linked by an iodine to carbon (I:C) ratio. A satisfactory model fit with observations cannot be obtained with a globally constant I:C ratio, and the best fit is obtained when the I:C ratio is dependent on sea surface temperature, increasing at low temperatures. Comparisons with observed iodide distributions show that the best model fit is obtained when oxidation of iodide back to iodate is associated with mixed layer nitrification. Sensitivity tests, where model parameters and processes are perturbed, reveal that primary productivity, mixed layer depth, oxidation, advection, surface fresh water flux and the I:C ratio all have a role in determining surface iodide concentrations, and the timescale of iodide in the mixed layer is sufficiently long for non-local processes to be important. Comparisons of the modelled iodide surface field with parameterisations by other authors shows good agreement in regions where observations exist, but significant differences in regions without observations. This raises the question of whether the existing parameterisations are capturing the full range of processes involved in determining surface iodide, and shows the urgent need for observations in regions where there are currently none.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-22
    Materialart: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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