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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A line in the sea (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) research program in the equatorial Pacific in 1992 (refs 6, 7) a series of sea surface temperature (SST) images were obtained by the advanced very high-resolution radiometer, AVHRR, on the NOAA-11 weather satellite. These images (Fig. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371689a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    A framework for a marine biodiversity observing network within changing continental shelf seascapes (2014)
    The Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 27, no. 2 (2014): 18-23, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.56.
    Description: Continental shelves and the waters overlying them support numerous industries as diverse as tourism and recreation, energy extraction, fisheries, transportation, and applications of marine bio-molecules (e.g., agribusiness, food processing, pharmaceuticals). Although these shelf ecosystems exhibit impacts of climate change and increased human use of resources (Halpern et al., 2012; IPCC, 2013, 2014; Melillo et al., 2014), there are currently no standardized metrics for assessing changes in ecological function in the coastal ocean. Here, we argue that it is possible to monitor vital signs of ecosystem function by focusing on the lowest levels of the ocean food web. Establishment of biodiversity, biomass, and primary productivity baselines and continuous evaluation of changes in biological resources in these economically and ecologically valuable regions requires an internationally coordinated monitoring effort that fully integrates natural, social, and economic sciences to jointly identify problems and design solutions. Such an ocean observing network is needed to protect the livelihoods of coastal communities in the context of the goals of the Future Earth program (Mooney et al., 2013) and of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (http://www.ipbes.net). The tools needed to initiate these assessments are available today.
    Description: AEW and RML have been supported by C-MORE (NSF) and the Gordon and Betty Moore and Alfred P. Sloan Foundations. FMK and EM have been supported by NASA, NOAA, NSF, and EPA. FPC was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and NASA. HMS was supported by NASA and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. EMJ received support from NOAA. MB received support from the NSF. MTK and SCD acknowledge support from C-MORE (NSF). MWL was supported by NSF and NASA. WMB was supported by NASA and NSF.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Carbon export and transfer to depth across the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt (2015)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 12 (2015): 3953-3971, doi:10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015.
    Description: Sequestration of carbon by the marine biological pump depends on the processes that alter, remineralize, and preserve particulate organic carbon (POC) during transit to the deep ocean. Here, we present data collected from the Great Calcite Belt, a calcite-rich band across the Southern Ocean surface, to compare the transformation of POC in the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the water column. The 234Th-derived export fluxes and size-fractionated concentrations of POC, particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and biogenic silica (BSi) were measured from the upper 1000 m of 27 stations across the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Great Calcite Belt. POC export out of the euphotic zone was correlated with BSi export. PIC export was not, but did correlate positively with POC flux transfer efficiency. Moreover, regions of high BSi concentrations, which corresponded to regions with proportionally larger particles, exhibited higher attenuation of 〉 51 μm POC concentrations in the mesopelagic zone. The interplay among POC size partitioning, mineral composition, and POC attenuation suggests a more fundamental driver of POC transfer through both depth regimes in the Great Calcite Belt. In particular, we argue that diatom-rich communities produce large and labile POC aggregates, which not only generate high export fluxes but also drive more remineralization in the mesopelagic zone. We observe the opposite in communities with smaller calcifying phytoplankton, such as coccolithophores. We hypothesize that these differences are influenced by inherent differences in the lability of POC exported by different phytoplankton communities.
    Description: This work was funded by NSF OCE-0960880 to P. J. Lam, and NSF OCE-0961660 and NASA NNX11A072G and NNX11AL93G to W. M. Balch.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 4
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    Ocean acidification : a critical emerging problem for the ocean sciences (2010)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 22 no. 4 (2009): 16-25.
    Description: Over a period of less than a decade, ocean acidification—the change in seawater chemistry due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and subsequent impacts on marine life—has become one of the most critical and pressing issues facing the ocean research community and marine resource managers alike. The objective of this special issue of Oceanography is to provide an overview of the current scientific understanding of ocean acidification as well as to indicate the substantial gaps in our present knowledge. Papers in the special issue discuss the past, current, and future trends in seawater chemistry; highlight potential vulnerabilities to marine species, ecosystems, and marine resources to elevated CO2; and outline a roadmap toward future research directions. In this introductory article, we present a brief introduction on ocean acidification and some historical context for how it emerged so quickly and recently as a key research topic.
    Description: We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for research support on ocean acidification. We specifically acknowledge grants supporting the OCB Project Office (NSF OCE-0622984, NSF OCE-0927287, and NASA NNX08AX01G). Richard A. Feely was supported by the NOAA Climate Program under the Office of Climate Observations (Grant No. GC04-314 and the Global Carbon Cycle Program (Grant No. GC05-288).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Factors regulating the Great Calcite Belt in the Southern Ocean and its biogeochemical significance (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 30 (2016): 1124–1144, doi:10.1002/2016GB005414.
    Description: The Great Calcite Belt (GCB) is a region of elevated surface reflectance in the Southern Ocean (SO) covering ~16% of the global ocean and is thought to result from elevated, seasonal concentrations of coccolithophores. Here we describe field observations and experiments from two cruises that crossed the GCB in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the SO. We confirm the presence of coccolithophores, their coccoliths, and associated optical scattering, located primarily in the region of the subtropical, Agulhas, and Subantarctic frontal regions. Coccolithophore-rich regions were typically associated with high-velocity frontal regions with higher seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) than the atmosphere, sufficient to reverse the direction of gas exchange to a CO2 source. There was no calcium carbonate (CaCO3) enhancement of particulate organic carbon (POC) export, but there were increased POC transfer efficiencies in high-flux particulate inorganic carbon regions. Contemporaneous observations are synthesized with results of trace-metal incubation experiments, 234Th-based flux estimates, and remotely sensed observations to generate a mandala that summarizes our understanding about the factors that regulate the location of the GCB.
    Description: National Science Foundation Grant Numbers: OCE-0961660, OCE-0728582, OCE-0961414, OCE-0960880; National Aeronautical and Space Administration Grant Numbers: NNX11AO72G, NNX11AL93G, NNX14AQ41G, NNX14AQ43A, NNX14AL92G, NNX14AM77G
    Keywords: Coccolithophores ; Trace metals ; Carbonate chemistry ; Southern Ocean ; Subantarctic Front ; Subtropical Front
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    Results from 14C-labeled uptake experiments determining uptake of specific dissolved organic compounds which showed high potential for osmotrophy (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Dataset: BioLog Eco-plates experiment - 14C-labeled uptake
    Description: This dataset includes results for 14C-labeled uptake experiments determining uptake of specific dissolved organic compounds which showed high potential for osmotrophy. Experiments used the BioLog Eco-plates (BioLog, Haywood, CA, U.S.A.) and were conducted at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/858771
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635748
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 7
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    Metabolic potential for heterotrophic utilization of a large array of organics by coccolithophores determined through experiments at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences using BioLog Eco-plates (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Dataset: BioLog Eco-plates experiment - Metabolic potential
    Description: This dataset includes results from an experiment determining the metabolic potential for heterotrophic utilization of a large array of organics by coccolithophores. Experiments used the BioLog Eco-plates (BioLog, Haywood, CA, U.S.A.) and were conducted at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/858513
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635748
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 8
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    Metabolic potential for heterotrophic utilization of a large array of organics by coccolithophores determined through experiments at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences using BioLog Eco-plates (2021)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Dataset: BioLog Eco-plates experiment - Metabolic potential
    Description: This dataset includes results from an experiment determining the metabolic potential for heterotrophic utilization of a large array of organics by coccolithophores. Experiments used the BioLog Eco-plates (BioLog, Haywood, CA, U.S.A.) and were conducted at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/858513
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635748
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 9
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    Chalk-Ex—fate of CaCO3 particles in the mixed layer : evolution of patch optical properties (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C07020, doi:10.1029/2008JC004902.
    Description: The fate of particles in the mixed layer is of great relevance to the global carbon cycle as well as to the propagation of light in the sea. We conducted four manipulative field experiments called “Chalk-Ex” in which known quantities of uniform, calcium carbonate particles were injected into the surface mixed layer. Since the production term for these patches was known to high precision, the experimental design allowed us to focus on terms associated with particle loss. The mass of chalk in the patches was evaluated using the well-calibrated light-scattering properties of the chalk plus measurements from a variety of optical measurements and platforms. Patches were surveyed with a temporal resolution of hours over spatial scales of tens of kilometers. Our results demonstrated exponential loss of the chalk particles with time from the patches. There was little evidence for rapid sinking of the chalk. Instead, horizontal eddy diffusion appeared to be the major factor affecting the dispersion of the chalk to concentrations below the limits of detection. There was unequivocal evidence of subduction of the chalk along isopycnals and subsequent formation of thin layers. Shear dispersion is the most likely mechanism to explain these results. Calculations of horizontal eddy diffusivity were consistent with other mixed layer patch experiments. Our results provide insight into the importance of physics in the formation of subsurface particle maxima in the sea, as well as the importance of rapid coccolith production and critical patch size for maintenance of natural coccolithophore blooms in nature.
    Description: We would like to thank the Office of Naval Research/Optical and Biological Oceanography Program for their support of Chalk-Ex with awards N000140110042 (WMB) and N00014-01-1-0141 (AJP). Additional funding for this work came from ONR (N00014-05-1- 0111) and NASA (NNG04Gl11G, NNX08AC27G, NNG04HZ25C) to W.M.B.
    Keywords: Calcium carbonate ; PIC ; Chalk ; Coccoliths ; Coccolithophores ; Eddy diffusion
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 10
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    A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications (2016)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Earth System Science Data 8 (2016): 235-252, doi:10.5194/essd-8-235-2016.
    Description: A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015).
    Description: We thank NASA for project funding for data collection.
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