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  • Tree rings  (3)
Document type
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial distributions of Cd in stems of oak trees (Quercus robur L.) re-analyzed after 10 years (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 200-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cd ; Heartwood ; Quercus robur ; Sapwood ; Tree rings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Radial distribution patterns of Cd were determined in stems of the same oak trees (Quercus robur L.) in 1983 and again in 1994. On both sampling dates the same distribution patterns were generally observed. Highest concentrations of Cd were found at the sapwood-heart-wood transition. A sharp drop over this boundary towards inner parts of the stems occurred in all trees. In the decade between the two investigations the sapwood-heartwood boundaries had shifted outwards by 9–11 annual rings. The Cd peaks at the boundaries were shifted by approximately the same interval. The results suggest that the described Cd peaks are mobile in a radial direction. The present location of such peaks cannot be used to infer the pollution history of the tree's environment. The Cd accumulation at the sapwood-heartwood boundary is probably affected by physiological processes in the wood. Thus it is concluded that radial distributions of Cd in stems of oak trees are no reliable source of information for retrospective monitoring of past time pollution levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195273
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cd and Zn on the development of annual xylem rings of young Norway spruce (Picea abies) plants (1994)
    Springer
    Trees 8 (1994), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Picea abies ; Tree rings ; Xylem growth ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three-year-old spruce (Picea abies) saplings were planted and cultivated for 2 years in pots with 3 1 substrate, consisting of a homogenized mixture of sand, peat and forest soil with a high organic content (volume ratio 1∶1.5∶2). This substrate was amended with 10–180 μmol Cd [kg soil dry weight (DW)]−1, 50–7500 μmol Zn (kg soil DW)−1 (determined with 1 M ammonium acetate extracts) or combinations of both elements. Annual xylem growth rings in stems of plants treated with 50 μmol Cd (kg soil DW)−1 or 7500 μmol Zn (kg soil DW)−1 were significantly narrower than in control plants. Growth reductions were more pronounced in the second year of the experiment. The contents of Cd and Zn in stem wood and needles were positively correlated with the substrate concentrations. The Mg contents of the spruce needles were inversely correlated with soil concentrations of Cd and Zn. Root development was impeded at moderate concentrations of Cd (50 μmol kg−1) or Zn (1000 μmol kg−1) in the substrate. The adverse effects of potentially toxic trace elements, like Cd or Zn, on xylem growth of spruce plants are discussed with regard to possible growth reductions in forest trees under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196625
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Cd and Zn in annual xylem rings of young spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] grown in contaminated soil (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 9 (1995), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Picea abies ; Tree rings ; Xylem ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations and total amounts of Cd and Zn in individual annual xylem increments of 5-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies) were investigated after one growing season in contaminated soils. The plants had been potted in soils amended with different concentrations of Cd and Zn and kept in open air conditions. In the outer xylem rings formed during the treatment period lowest concentrations of Cd and Zn were found. In inner rings concentrations of both elements increased and were highest at the pith. Total amounts of both elements showed reversed distribution patterns with highest values in the outermost rings. The observed increase of total dry matter of the rings from pith towards the outer rings was stronger than the parallel increase in total element amounts in the rings. Thus, concentrations dropped in younger rings. The time of the soil contamination event cannot be inferred from element concentrations in annual rings. The results challenge the concept of monitoring historical trends in trace element pollution using analytical data of tree rings of conifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195272
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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