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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: Since the last century sea level is rising at unprecedented rates with respect to the last millennia. In the average, the Oceans are rising at 3.2 mm/yr, while the Mediterranean at 1.8 mm/yr. In the latter region, vertical tectonic movements play a key role to locally increasing the rates of sea level rise, especially along subsiding coasts, threating coastal infrastructures, heritage sites and cities. The Global Geodetic Observation System (GGOS) is supporting the observation of the natural and anthropogenic coastal changes and, in sinergy with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reports (2014) on climate change predictions, marine flooding scenarios for the next decades can be provided. With this goal, we have investigated the densely populated coast near Rome, between Fiumicino and Ostia villages, which is characterized by low elevated coasts, the mouth of Tiber river and important infrastructures, like harbors and the international airport of Fiumicino. We used and jointly analyzed the available time series of InSAR, GPS and tide gauge data to estimate the rates of land subsidence and sea level trend, to provide the relative sea level rise for this coast up to 2100. Here we show results for two estimated scenarios: i) regional trend projected by the IPCC RCP-4.5 and RCP 8.5 (2014) and ii) the Veermer and Rahmstorf (2009) dual model. For the most severe scenario, our analysis indicate that a broad area will be flooded by 2100.
    Description: Published
    Description: Ustica, Italy
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale e geologia medica
    Keywords: Relative sea level ; InSAR ; Flooding scenario
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-12-05
    Description: We investigated the contribution of earthquake-induced surface movements to the ground displacements detected through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, after the Mw 3.9 Ischia earthquake on 21 August 2017. A permanent displacement approach, based on the limit equilibrium method, allowed estimation of the spatial extent of the earthquake-induced landslides and the associated probability of failure. The proposed procedure identified critical areas potentially affected by slope movements partially overlapping the coseismic ground displacement retrieved by InSAR data. Therefore, the observed ground displacement field is the combination of both fault slip and surficial sliding caused by the seismic shaking. These findings highlight the need to perform preliminary calculations to account for the non-tectonic contributions to ground displacements before any estimation of the earthquake source geometry and kinematics. Such information is fundamental to avoid both the incorrect definition of the source geometry and the possible overestimation of the coseismic slip over the causative fault. Moreover, knowledge of the areas potentially affected by slope movements could contribute to better management of a seismic emergency, especially in areas exposed to high seismic and hydrogeological risks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 0303
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia earthquake ; InSAR ; landslides ; ground displacements
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
    Description: We measured ground displacements before and after the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake using multitemporal InSAR techniques to identify seismic precursor signals. We estimated the ground deformation and its temporal evolution by exploiting a large dataset of SAR imagery that spans seventy-two months before and sixteen months after the mainshock. These satellite data show that up to 15 mm of subsidence occurred beginning three years before the mainshock. This deformation occurred within two Quaternary basins that are located close to the epicentral area and are filled with sediments hosting multi-layer aquifers. After the earthquake, the same basins experienced up to 12 mm of uplift over approximately nine months. Before the earthquake, the rocks at depth dilated, and fractures opened. Consequently, fluids migrated into the dilated volume, thereby lowering the groundwater table in the carbonate hydrostructures and in the hydrologically connected multi-layer aquifers within the basins. This process caused the elastic consolidation of the fine-grained sediments within the basins, resulting in the detected subsidence. After the earthquake, the fractures closed, and the deep fluids were squeezed out. The pre-seismic ground displacements were then recovered because the groundwater table rose and natural recharge of the shallow multi-layer aquifers occurred, which caused the observed uplift.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12035
    Description: 6T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: InSAR ; earthquake ; L'Aquila ; precursor ; hydrogeology ; consolidation ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-02-14
    Description: The global sea-level rise (SLR) projections for the next few decades are the basis for developing flooding maps that depict the expected hazard scenarios. However, the spatially variable land subsidence has generally not been considered in the current projections. In this study, we use geodetic data from global navigation satellite system (GNSS), synthetic aperture radar interferometric measurements (InSAR) and sea-level data from tidal stations to show the combined effects of land subsidence and SLR along the coast between Catania and Marzamemi, in south-eastern Sicily (southern Italy). This is one of the most active tectonic areas of the Mediterranean basin, which drives accelerated SLR, continuous coastal retreat and increasing effects of flooding and storms surges. We focus on six selected areas, which show valuable coastal infrastructures and natural reserves where the expected SLR in the next few years could be a potential cause of significant land flooding and morphological changes of the coastal strip. Through a multidisciplinary study, the multi-temporal flooding scenarios until 2100, have been estimated. Results are based on the spatially variable rates of vertical land movements (VLM), the topographic features of the area provided by airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of SLR in the Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. In addition, from the analysis of the time series of optical satellite images, a coastal retreat up to 70 m has been observed at the Ciane river mouth (Siracusa) in the time span 2001–2019. Our results show a diffuse land subsidence locally exceeding 10 ± 2.5 mm/year in some areas, due to compacting artificial landfill, salt marshes and Holocene soft deposits. Given ongoing land subsidence, a high end of RSLR in the RCP 8.5 at 0.52 ± 0.05 m and 1.52 ± 0.13 m is expected for 2050 AD and 2100 AD, respectively, with an exposed area of about 9.7 km2 that will be vulnerable to inundation in the next 80 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1108
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sicily ; sea-level rise ; subsidence ; InSAR ; GNSS ; LiDAR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-12-06
    Description: Geological disasters are responsible for the loss of human lives and for significant economic and financial damage every year. Considering that these disasters may occur anywhere—both in remote and/or in highly populated areas—and anytime, continuously monitoring areas known to be more prone to geohazards can help to determine preventive or alert actions to safeguard human life, property and businesses. Remote sensing technology—especially satellite-based—can be of help due to its high spatial and temporal coverage. Indeed, data acquired from the most recent satellite missions is considered suitable for a detailed reconstruction of past events but also to continuously monitor sensitive areas on the lookout for potential geohazards. This work aims to apply different techniques and methods for extensive exploitation and analysis of remote sensing data, with special emphasis given to landslide hazard, risk management and disaster prevention. Multi-temporal SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry, SAR tomography, high-resolution image matching and data modelling are used to map out landslides and other geohazards and to also monitor possible hazardous geological activity, addressing different study areas: (i) surface deformation of mountain slopes and glaciers; (ii) land surface displacement; and (iii) subsidence, landslides and ground fissure. Results from both the processing and analysis of a dataset of earth observation (EO) multi-source data support the conclusion that geohazards can be identified, studied and monitored in an effective way using new techniques applied to multi-source EO data. As future work, the aim is threefold: extend this study to sensitive areas located in different countries; monitor structures that have strategic, cultural and/or economical relevance; and resort to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to be able to analyse the huge amount of data generated by satellite missions and extract useful information in due course
    Description: Published
    Description: 4269
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geohazards ; landslide detection ; remote sensing ; InSAR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This work focuses on the study of land subsidence processes by means of multi-temporal and multi-frequency InSAR techniques. Specifically, we retrieve the long-term evolution (2003–2018) of the creeping phenomenon producing ground fissuring in the Ciudad Guzmán (Jalisco state, Mexico) urban area. The city is located on the northern side of the Volcan de Colima area, one of the most active Mexican volcanoes. On September 21 2012, Ciudad Guzmán was struck by ground fissures of about 1.5 km of length, causing the deformation of the roads and the propagation of fissures in adjacent buildings. The field surveys showed that fissures follow the escarpments produced during the central Mexico September 19 1985 Mw 8.1 earthquake. We extended the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometric monitoring starting with the multi-temporal analysis of ENVISAT and COSMO-SkyMed datasets, allowing the monitoring of the observed subsidence phenomena a ecting the Mexican city. We processed a new stack of Sentinel-1 TOPSAR acquisition mode images along both descending and ascending paths and spanning the 2016–2018 temporal period. The resulting long-term trend observed by satellites, together with data from volcanic bulletin and in situ surveys, seems to suggest that the subsidence is due to the exploitation of the aquifers and that the spatial arrangement of ground deformation is controlled by the position of buried faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 2246
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: subsidence ; multi-temporal analysis ; PS ; SBAS ; InSAR ; urban monitoring ; buried faults
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: On 18 January 2017, the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence reached the Campotosto area with four events with magnitude larger than 5 in three hours (major event MW 5.5). To study the slip behavior on the causative fault/faults we followed two different methodologies: (1) we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) interferograms (Sentinel-1 satellites) and Global Positioning System (GPS) coseismic displacements to constrain the fault geometry and the cumulative slip distribution; (2) we invert near-source strong-motion, high-sampling-rate GPS waveforms, and high-rate GPS-derived static offsets to retrieve the rupture history of the two largest events. The geodetic inversion shows that the earthquake sequence occurred along the southern segment of the SW-dipping Mts. Laga normal fault system with an average slip of about 40 cm and an estimated cumulative geodetic moment of 9.29 × 1017 Nm (equivalent to a MW~6). This latter estimate is larger than the cumulative seismic moment of all the events, with MW 〉 4 which occurred in the corresponding time interval, suggesting that a fraction (~35%) of the overall deformation imaged by InSAR and GPS may have been released aseismically. Geodetic and seismological data agree with the geological information pointing out the Campotosto fault segment as the causative structure of the main shocks. The position of the hypocenters supports the evidence of an up-dip and northwestward rupture directivity during the major shocks of the sequence for both static and kinematic inferred slip models. The activated two main slip patches are characterized by rise time and peak slip velocity in the ranges 0.7–1.1 s and 2.3–3.2 km/s, respectively, and by ~35–50 cm of slip mainly concentrated in the shallower northern part of causative fault. Our results show that shallow slip (depth 〈 5 km) is required by the geodetic and seismological observations and that the inferred slip distribution is complementary with respect to the previous April 2009 seismic sequence affecting the southern half of the Campotosto fault. The recent moderate strain-release episodes (multiple M~5–5.5 earthquakes) and the paleoseismological evidence of surface-rupturing events (M~6.5) suggests therefore a heterogeneous behavior of the Campotosto fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 1482
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: central Italy ; Slip behavior of Campotosto Fault ; InSAR ; Sentinel-1 ; GPS ; high-rate GPS ; strong-motion ; normal faulting earthquake ; continental tectonic ; source modeling ; kinematic inversion ; seismic cycle ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-30
    Description: Interpreting the signal deriving from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analyses in volcanic islands, characterized by strong regional deformations and recurrent seismicity, is a complex and challenging issue. In these zones, the secondary effects connected to the SAR acquisition system cannot be neglected, and it is important to consider that delay phenomena of the electromagnetic waves, due to the propagation in the tropospheric layer and loss of SAR coherence because of dense vegetation, could affect the interferometric phase. This work focuses on Pico, the second largest and the youngest island of the Azores Archipelago (North Atlantic Ocean). This island consists of a central volcano and a fissure zone. These systems are inactive but recurrent microseismicity occurs in a rock volume host- ing a partially crystallized magma storage system, which fed the recent activity of the central volcano. In the same area affected by microseismicity, the main volcanic edifice shows flank instability. All these elements support the hypothesis of possible reactivation of the shallow magmatic system. Aiming to check potential active ground displacements and to define their source, we collected two datasets of C-band Sentinel-1 SAR data, both in descending and ascending acquisition geometry, from January, 2017, to December, 2020. The application of the small baseline subset method of differential InSAR allowed drawing the mean ground velocity maps over the island and the displacement time series, useful to understand the defor- mation evolution. InSAR data only evidence areas affected by small-scale subsidence at the cinder cones of the fissure zone and along the southeastern slope of Pico volcano, where local debris flows activate during rainy periods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 032402
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: InSAR ; ground deformation ; volcanic hazard ; oceanic islands
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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