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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intracisternal elements of the Golgi apparatus (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 365-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; Membranes ; Cross-bridges ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron opaque cross-bridge structures span the inter- and intracisternal spaces and provide membrane-to-membrane connections between adjacent cisternae of dictyosomes of pollen tubes ofClivia andLilium. Additionally, the classic intercisternal rods, characteristic of intercisternal regions near the maturing face of dictyosomes, are connected with the adjacent membranes through similar cross-bridge elements. We suggest that these structural links are responsible for maintaining the flattened appearance of the central parts of Golgi apparatus cisternac as well as for the coherence of cisternae within the stack. Observations on other plant (e.g. microsporocytes ofCanna) and animal cells (e.g. rodent liver and hepatoma cells, newt spermatocytes) show that such an array of membrane cross-links is a universal feature of Golgi apparatus architecture. The cross-bridges appear as part of the complex “zone of exclusion” which surrounds dictyosomes, entire Golgi apparatus and Golgi apparatus equivalents in a variety of cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450714
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of golgi apparatus-associated polyribosomes across the polarity axis of dictyosomes of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Polyribosomes ; Golgi apparatus-associated polyribosomes ; Wild carrot (Daucus carota)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endoplasmic reticulum-polyribosome-Golgi apparatus associations were a general feature of cells of suspension cultures of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.). Free polyribosomes occurred within the Golgi apparatus zone for all dictyosomes and with equal frequency at all levels within the stack including the most mature or trans face. When evaluated and quantified from electron micrographs, approximately 60% of the dictyosome profiles were characterized by a system of transition elements consisting of part smooth-part rough endoplasmic reticulum. These were encountered most frequently in the immediate vicinity of the immature, forming or cis face, usually toward the periphery of the stacked cisternae. Analysis of serial sections showed that those dictyosome profiles not exhibiting this characteristic did so primarily because of an unfavorable plane of sectioning. All dictyosomes examined in 5 or more serial sections revealed some type of close association with endoplasmic reticulum. Some of the associations were so close that direct connections between Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum tubules could not be excluded. Also present, especially at the forming or cis face, were small 600 nm transition vesicles with nap-like surface coats on nearly 90% of the dictyosomes examined. More than 50% exhibited spiny (clathrin-)coated vesicles at the mature or trans face.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane flow in plants: Fractionation of growing pollen tubes of tobacco by preparative free-flow electrophoresis and kinetics of labeling of endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus with [3H]leucine (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 132 (1986), S. 38-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Pollen tube ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Golgi apparatus ; Membrane biogenesis ; Plasma membrane (Tobacco)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) pollen, germinated 4 hours in suspension culture, was labeled with radioactive leucine and fractionated into constituent membranes by the technique of preparative free-flow electrophoresis. Tubes were ruptured by sonication directly into the electrophoresis buffer. Unfortunately, the Golgi apparatus of the rapidly elongating pollen tubes did not survive the sonication step. However, it was possible to obtain useful fractions of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. To obtain Golgi apparatus, glutaraldehyde was added to the homogenization buffer during sonication. Plasma membrane, which accounted for only about 3% of the total membrane of the homogenates as determined by staining with phosphotungstate at low pH, was obtained in insufficient quantity and fraction purity to permit analysis. Results show rapid incorporation of [3H]leucine into endoplasmic reticulum followed by rapid chase out. The half-time for loss of radioactivity from the pollen tube endoplasmic reticulum was about 10 minutes. Concomitant with the loss of radioactivity from endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus fraction was labeled reaching a maximum 20 minutes post chase. The findings suggest flow of membranes from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus during pollen tube growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275788
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tannic acid characterized membranes of animal cells (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 134 (1986), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dictyosome-like-structures ; Golgi apparatus ; Lysosomes ; Tannic acid ; Thin membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tannic acid affects one face of some cytoplasmic membranes causing them to appear “thin” in electron micrographs.Trans vesicles of Golgi apparatus, dictyosome-like-structures, headcaps and aerosomes of germ cells, and certain lysosomes all have membranes that appear thin after tannic acid fixation and, in addition, are all characterized as being acid phosphatase positive. Thus, thin membranes appear functionally related and to be associated with cellular components that have lysosome or lysosome-like character.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276374
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monensin affects the trans half ofEuglena dictyosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Monensin ; Ionophore ; Euglena ; Golgi apparatus ; Dictyosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Euglena gracilis was treated in 10-5 M monensin for various times from 2 minutes to 24 hours, and then processed for electron microscopy by fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate. Monensin affected the mature (trans) half of the cisternae but not the forming (cis) half of the cisternae. After glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation, the affected cisternae appeared swollen, whereas after potassium permanganate fixation, the affected cisternae were distorted but not swollen. The monensin effect was first noticeable after 5 minutes of treatment and the maximum effect was observed after only 10 minutes of treatment. No additional monensin effects were observed up to 24 hours of treatment; however, by 24 hours there was variability in dictyosome form and some dictyosomes appeared relatively normal. The first noticeable effects at the 5 minute treatment time involved either the most mature (trans) cisterna or cisternae in the middle of the stack. Thus, inEuglena, the region of the Golgi apparatus that responds to monensin by cisternal dilation is restricted to the mature (trans) half of the dictyosomes, with the initial response given by specific cisternae in the stack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279875
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Golgi apparatus of ciliated cells in the cat trachea negatively-stainedin situ and in cell fractions (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; Negative staining ; Tannic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Application of a modified tannic acid fixation and en bloc staining technique to specimens of cat trachea resulted in an unusual condition of electron-contrast, with a dense cytosol and relatively unstained membrane-bound organelles, in effect producing a negatively-stained image in thin sections. Thus, a direct comparison was possible between negatively-stained Golgi apparatusin situ and Golgi apparatus isolated from homogenates of the same tissue and negatively-stained with phosphotungstic acid. In both instances, these organelles revealed closely similar, if not identical, cisternal features including solid or fenestrated central saccules, often with fenestrated peripheries, and a system of peripheral cisternal tubules. Our findings provide directin situ validation of the general pattern of Golgi apparatus architecture first revealed by isolated and negatively-stained Golgi apparatus preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coated vesicles of mouse liver are surrounded by a zone of exclusion (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 86-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Coated vesicles ; Golgi apparatus ; Zone of exclusion ; Liver (mouse)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Spiny-(clathrin-)coated vesicles of rodent liver, both at the mature or trans face of the Golgi apparatus and at the cell surface, as well as coated pits, are surrounded by a “halo” or zone of exclusion that extends 55–75 nm beyond the membrane of the coated vesicle. The existence of a zone of exclusion surrounding vesicles close to the sinusoidal membrane and within the region of the Golgi apparatus coincides with the appearance of a spiny network on the cytoplasmic surface of these vesicles. This property is not exhibited by transition vesicles at the immature or cis face of the Golgi apparatus and serves to further distinguish these transition vesicles from the 60–80 nm diameter spiny-coated microvesicles found primarily at the mature Golgi apparatus face.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01294235
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some observations on the development of dictyosome-like structures in guinea pig testes (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Testes ; Dictyosome-like structures ; Mammalian reproduction ; Golgi apparatus ; Spermatocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Structures superficially resembling dictyosomes (DLS) are present in guinea pig spermatocytes. They are first visible in late stages of spermatogonial development as single, irregularly shaped saccules. DLS saccules continue to form, at what appears to be a much accelerated rate, during the first stages of spermatocyte development. After formation, the saccules mature and aggregate into a stacked, or dictyosomal, configuration. DLS reach their maximum numbers in spermatocytes just prior to the formation of proacrosomal granules and, at this time, constitute more membrane than Golgi apparatus and as much as 25% of the total endomembrane of the spermatocyte. The DLS then decline in numbers and only a few remain in spermatids. DLS reappear just prior to spermiation and become conspicuous features of the residual body and cytoplasmic droplet. DLS membranes have structural and cytochemical similarities to the membranes of the mature (trans) faces of the Golgi apparatus, and especially the thick cisternae of the spermatid Golgi apparatus. They are similar, also, to the membranes of the acrosome, the cell surface, multivesicular bodies (MVB), and a class of vesicles whose membranes appear “thin” following fixation in tannic acid. Both the thin membrane vesicles (i.e., the tannic acid asymmetrical vesicles-TAAV) and the MVB may act as membrane pools for the generation and/or dissipation of DLS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279837
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three classes of spiny-(Clathrin-) coated vesicles in rodent liver based on size distributions (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Coated vesicles ; Clathrin ; Cell surface ; Golgi apparatus ; Membrane recycling ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Clathrin-coated vesicles in rodent (rat and mouse) liver distribute into three distinct populations based on measurements of vesicle diameter. The first population consists of 60–80 nm vesicles found almost exclusively within the Golgi apparatus region. The second population is of 100–160 nm coated vesicles located within 100–500 nm of the cell surface. A third population of coated vesicles of intermediate diameter (ca. 90 nm) is present both at the Golgi apparatus and at the cell surface. We speculate that clathrin and clathrin-coated vesicles within the region of the Golgi apparatus and of the cell surface exist in two recycling populations. The third population of vesicles of intermediate diameter could represent a shuttle to link the two major compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281783
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum in the origins of dictyosome-like structures of guinea pig spermatocytes (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 125 (1985), S. 86-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dictyosome-like structures ; Golgi apparatus ; Organelle biogenesis ; Endoplasmic reticulum-testis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) are formed in early spermatocytes first as single saccules. These saccules occur in association with forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) characterized by a paucity of ribosomes and luminal content, by a constriction of the lumina, and by a tendency to fragment or form myelin figures during fixation. Nascent DLS and the unusual ER cisternae share many characteristics in common including a pattern of staining with fixatives containing tannic acid where the membranes appear thin due to the inner membrane leaflet being unstained or poorly stained. DLS also appear to form in the region conventional Golgi apparatus but always in association with ER forms that frequently occupy portions of the Golgi apparatus zone. An ability to stain with phosphotungstic acid at low pH exhibited by DLS is given also by the specialized ER forms. One possibility for DLS formation suggested by the present study is that DLS cisternae differentiate from ER membranes after which they ultimately associate into the stacked configurations that characterize mature DLS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297353
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