Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Degradation Assessment of Forest Ecology -- 1 A Perspective View of Sustainability of Natural Resources: The Governance Challenge -- 1.1 A Perspective View of Challenges -- 1.2 Policy Implementation -- 1.3 Book Structure -- References -- 2 Tracking Transitions of Tropical Deforestation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Using Time-Series Landsat Images from 2000 to 2016 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Area -- 2.2.2 Land Cover Map -- 2.2.3 Definition -- 2.2.4 Annual Deforestation and Forest Degradation -- 2.2.5 Forest Transitions -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Forest Cover Changes -- 2.3.2 Transitions of Primary Forests -- 2.3.3 Transitions of Secondary Forests -- 2.3.4 Transitions of Plantation Forest -- 2.3.5 Quantification of Land Cover Change Process -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Appendices -- References -- 3 Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Diversity of Forest Ecosystems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Distribution of Forest Resources -- 3.3 Ecosystem Services -- 3.3.1 Regulation of Climate -- 3.3.2 Biological Diversity -- 3.3.3 Air Quality -- 3.3.4 Water Quality and Quantity -- 3.3.5 Soil Improvement, Stabilization, and Erosion Control -- 3.3.6 Biogeochemical Cycles -- 3.3.7 Minor Forest Products -- 3.3.8 Pollution Control -- 3.3.9 Wildlife Habitat -- 3.3.10 Protection from Natural Hazards and Disasters -- 3.3.11 Nature and Recreational Importance -- 3.4 Anthropogenic Influences on Forest Ecosystems -- 3.4.1 Deforestation -- 3.4.2 Fragmentation -- 3.4.3 Overexploitation -- 3.4.4 Agriculture Expansion and Shifting Cultivation -- 3.4.5 Land Use Land Cover Changes -- 3.4.6 Introduction of Exotic Species -- 3.4.7 Overgrazing and Cattle Ranching -- 3.4.8 Climate Change -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References. , 4 Indicator-Based Inherent Forest Vulnerability Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Analysis in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area -- 4.3 Methodology -- 4.3.1 Details of the Landscape Indicators -- 4.3.2 Mapping of Inherent Forest Vulnerability -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Discussion and Policy Concerns -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Agro-Biodiversity, Status, and Conservation Strategies: An Indian Perspective -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Biological Classification -- 5.3 Biodiversity/Agro-Biodiversity -- 5.4 Biodiversity Measurement -- 5.5 Status of India Agro-Biodiversity -- 5.6 Conservation of Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies -- 5.7 Objectives of the Conservation of Biodiversities -- 5.8 Biodiversity Conservation Strategies -- 5.9 National Governance Initiatives -- 5.10 Status of Plant Germplasm Registration in India -- 5.11 Status of Conservation of Vegetative Propagated/horticultural Crops in India -- 5.12 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Dynamics of Land Use and Ecological Services -- 6 Assessing the Impact of Terrain Attributes on Snow Cover Area Distribution in Kashmir Valley, Northwestern Himalaya -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.3 Data and Methodology -- 6.3.1 Snow Cover Area Extraction -- 6.3.2 ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model -- 6.3.3 SCA Variability with Respect to Elevation -- 6.3.4 SCA Variability with Respect to Slope -- 6.3.5 SCA Variability with Respect to Aspect -- 6.3.6 Changing Pattern of SCA -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Monthly and Seasonal SCA Variation -- 6.4.2 SCA in Relation to Elevation -- 6.4.3 SCA Distribution in Relation to Slope -- 6.4.4 SCA Distribution in Relation to Aspect -- 6.4.5 SCA Change Rate with Respect to Elevation -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References. , 7 Monitoring Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics Using Remote Sensing and Geospatial Techniques in Rambiara Catchment, Kashmir Valley, India -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.3 Database and Methodology -- 7.3.1 Image Pre-Processing and Classification -- 7.3.2 Accuracy Assessment -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.4.1 Lulc, 1999 -- 7.4.2 Lulc, 2019 -- 7.4.3 Land Use Land Cover Change Detection -- 7.4.4 Drivers of the LULC Change -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Impact Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics and Population Growth on Food Security of Kashmir Valley, India -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Database and Methodology -- 8.4 Assessment of the Main Crops of Kashmir -- 8.4.1 Area Under Cereals -- 8.4.2 Production of Cereals -- 8.5 Land Use/Land Cover -- 8.5.1 LULC During 2001 -- 8.5.2 LULC During 2011 -- 8.5.3 LULC During 2018 -- 8.6 Change in the LULC -- 8.6.1 Change in the LULC 2001-2011 -- 8.6.2 Change in the LULC 2011-2018 -- 8.6.3 Change in the LULC 2001-2018 -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Evaluation and Distribution of Urban Green Spaces in Kolkata Municipal Corporation: An Approach to Urban Sustainability -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.2.1 Study Area -- 9.2.2 Database -- 9.2.3 Methodology -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Report of Accuracy and Validation -- 9.3.2 Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Land Use/Land Cover Change from 1991 to 2020 -- 9.3.3 Land Use/Land Cover Transformation Patterns (1991 to 2020) -- 9.3.4 Comparative Analysis of Green Spaces in Indian Metro Cities with KMC -- 9.3.5 Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Green Space -- 9.3.6 Status of Green Space in 1991 and 2020 -- 9.3.7 Transformation Status of Green Space from 1991 to 2020 -- 9.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Nature Conservation and Biodiversity. , 10 Bioremediation: Microbial and Plant Assisted Remediation of Contaminated Environments -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Basic Types of Bioremediation -- 10.2.1 Microbial Bioremediation -- 10.2.2 Phytoremediation -- 10.2.3 Mycoremediation -- 10.3 Techniques of Bioremediation -- 10.3.1 In-Situ Remediation -- 10.3.2 Ex-Situ Remediation -- 10.4 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Conservation of Biodiversity in India: Current Status and Future Strategies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biogeographic Zones of India -- 11.3 Biodiversity Hotspots of India -- 11.4 Threats to Biodiversity -- 11.4.1 Habitat Loss -- 11.4.2 Overexploitation -- 11.4.3 Introduction of Invasive Species -- 11.4.4 Pollution -- 11.4.5 Climate Change -- 11.5 IUCN Red Data Books -- 11.5.1 Extinct (EX) -- 11.5.2 Extinct in the Wild (EW) -- 11.5.3 Critically Endangered (CR) -- 11.5.4 Endangered (EN) -- 11.5.5 Vulnerable (VU) -- 11.5.6 Near Threatened (NT) -- 11.5.7 Least Concern (LC) -- 11.5.8 Data Deficient (DD) -- 11.5.9 Not Evaluated (NE) -- 11.6 Conservation of Biodiversity -- 11.6.1 In-Situ Conservation -- 11.6.2 Ex-situ Conservation -- 11.7 Future Strategies -- 11.8 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Biological Diversity of Forest Ecosystem -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 12.2.1 Causes of Anthropogenic Activities -- 12.2.2 Types of Anthropogenic Activities -- 12.3 Anthropogenic Influence on Forest Diversity -- 12.3.1 Negative Influence -- 12.3.2 Positive Impacts -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Pesticides: Evidence from Meta-Analysis -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methodology -- 13.2.1 Cochran Q Test -- 13.2.2 Design Setting -- 13.2.3 Description of the Environmental Indicators -- 13.3 Results and Discussion -- 13.3.1 Pesticides and Target Organisms. , 13.3.2 Pesticides and Non-target Organisms -- 13.3.3 Pesticides and Human Health -- 13.3.4 The Soil Environment and Pesticides -- 13.3.5 Water and Air Ecosystems and Pesticides -- 13.3.6 Pesticides and Biomagnifications -- 13.3.7 Pesticide Management Strategies -- 13.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Part IV Resource Use and Sustainibility -- 14 Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) Method for Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Primary Healthcare in HD Kote, Mysore (India) -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area -- 14.3 Database and Methodology -- 14.3.1 Database -- 14.3.2 Methodology -- 14.3.3 Global Moran's-I -- 14.4 Results -- 14.4.1 Spatial Distribution of Healthcare Facilities -- 14.4.2 Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare Facilities -- 14.4.3 Accessibility Index (Ai) -- 14.4.4 Socio-economic Determinants of Accessibility and Utilization -- 14.4.5 Quality of Healthcare Services -- 14.4.6 Behaviour Aspects -- 14.5 Discussion -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture Sustainability, an Example from India -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Method -- 15.3 Conceptual Framework -- 15.4 From Traditional Agriculture to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Smart Agriculture -- 15.5 The Trend in the Application of AI in Agriculture -- 15.6 Agricultural Field Areas for Artificial Intelligence Applications -- 15.6.1 Crop Management -- 15.6.2 Crop Yield Forecasting -- 15.6.3 Pest and Disease Identification -- 15.6.4 Weed Classification and Identification -- 15.6.5 Weather Forecasting -- 15.6.6 Irrigation -- 15.6.7 AI for Space and Resource Utilization -- 15.6.8 Artificial Intelligence Entrepreneurship -- 15.7 Findings and Discussion -- 15.8 Future Scope and Research Opportunities on AI Role in Agriculture Sustainability-Future Road Map -- References. , 16 Regenerative Agriculture as Climate Smart Solution to Improve Soil Health and Crop Productivity Thereby Catalysing Farmers' Livelihood and Sustainability.