Note: Intro -- HalfTitle -- Series Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Industrial Wastewater and Its Toxic Effects 1 -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Wastewater -- 1.2.1 Stormwater Runoff Wastewater -- 1.2.2 Domestic Wastewater -- 1.2.3 Agricultural Wastewater -- 1.2.4 Industrial Wastewater -- 1.3 Major Pollutants of Industrial Wastewater -- 1.4 Toxic Effects of Industrial Wastewater -- 1.5 Treatment of Industrial Wastewater -- 1.5.1 Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals -- 1.5.2 Treatment of Wastewater Containing Phenolic Compounds -- 1.5.3 Treatment of Wastewater Released from the Paper and Pulp Industry -- 1.5.4 Treatment of Wastewater Released from the Textile Industry -- 1.5.5 Treatment of Hypersaline Effluents -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Impact of Industrial Wastewater Discharge on the Environment and Human Health 15 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Environmental Pollutants -- 2.2.1 Chemical Pollutants -- 2.2.2 Microbial Pollutants -- 2.3 Ecological Implications and Health Impacts of Industrial Wastewater Discharge on the Environment: Water, Soil and Air -- 2.3.1 Ecotoxicological and Health Effects of PPCP on the Environment -- 2.3.2 Ecotoxicological and Health Effects of Heavy Metals on the Environment -- 2.3.3 Ecotoxicological and Health Effects of Nanoparticles on the Environment -- 2.3.4 Ecotoxicological and Health Effects of Microplastics on the Environment -- 2.4 Ecotoxicological and Health Effects of Bacteria in General, antibiotic‐resistant Bacteria, Parasites and Viruses on the Environment -- 2.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 Detrimental Effects of Industrial Wastewater on the Environment and Health 40 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Toxic Effect of Heavy Metals -- 3.3 Toxic Effect of Antibiotics -- 3.4 Toxic Effect of Pesticides. , 3.5 Toxic Effect of Microplastics -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Treatment and Management Strategies for Industrial Wastewater 53 -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wastewater From Industries, Its Characterization and Impacts -- 4.2.1 Pulp and Paper Industry -- 4.2.2 Textile Industry -- 4.2.3 Petrochemical Industries -- 4.2.4 Iron and Steel Industries -- 4.3 Laws and Regulations for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 4.4 Conventional Methods for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 4.4.1 Coagulation or Flocculation -- 4.4.2 Ion Exchange -- 4.4.3 Membrane Filtration -- 4.4.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes -- 4.5 Biological Methods for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 4.5.1 Aerobic Process -- 4.5.2 Anaerobic Process -- 4.6 Management Strategies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Introduction to Industrial Wastewater and Allied Treatment Technologies 74 -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sources of Industrial Wastewater -- 5.3 Treatment of Industrial Wastewater -- 5.3.1 Conventional Methods -- 5.3.2 Advanced Bioprocesses -- 5.4 Challenges in Watewater Treatments -- References -- Chapter 6 Bioreactors: A Biological and Bioengineering Prodigy 87 -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Understanding Bioreactors -- 6.3 Various Features and Types of Bioreactor -- 6.4 Modelling of a Bioreactor -- 6.4.1 Basic Modelling -- 6.4.2 Validation -- 6.4.3 Hybrid Models -- 6.4.4 Balance Regions -- 6.4.5 Bioreactor Fluid Dynamics -- 6.4.6 Bioreactor Operation -- 6.5 Scale-down and -up of a Bioreactor -- 6.5.1 Scale-down Phases 1, 2 and 3 -- 6.5.2 Scale-up -- 6.6 Recent Trends in the Application of Various Types of Bioreactor -- 6.7 Limitations and Future Prospects -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Challenges in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Biological Reactors 105 -- 7.1 Introduction. , 7.2 Industrial Wastewater Composition and Treatability -- 7.3 Biological Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 7.3.1 Aerobic Biodegradation -- 7.3.2 Anaerobic Biodegradation -- 7.4 Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Technology -- 7.4.1 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) -- 7.4.2 Moving-bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) -- 7.4.3 Granular Sludge Technology (GST) -- 7.5 Challenges in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Biological Processes -- 7.5.1 Agrochemical Wastewater -- 7.5.2 Coal Gasification Wastewater -- 7.5.3 Dairy Wastewater -- 7.5.4 Electroplating Wastewater -- 7.5.5 Mustard Tuber Wastewater -- 7.5.6 Palm Oil Mill Wastewater -- 7.5.7 Pharmaceutical Wastewater -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Challenges in Designing and Operation of a Bioreactor for Treatment of Wastewater 131 -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Basics of a Bioreactor -- 8.2.1 Mode of Operation -- 8.2.2 Types of Bioreactor -- 8.3 Role of Bioreactors in Wastewater Treatment -- 8.3.1 Comparison of Conventional an Activated Sludge Processes and an MBR -- 8.4 Conceptual Design and Approaches for Bioreactor Design -- 8.4.1 Energy Recovery in MBRs -- 8.4.2 Treated Wastewaters from Membrane Bioreactors -- 8.4.3 Operating Conditions and Performance of Membrane Bioreactors -- 8.4.4 Membrane Materials and Modules Used in Membrane Bioreactors -- 8.4.5 Fluxes and Membrane Area of Membrane Bioreactors -- 8.4.6 Membrane Design -- 8.4.7 Design of an Aeration System -- 8.4.8 Cost Benefit Analysis -- 8.5 Challenges Associated with Design and Operation -- 8.5.1 Membrane Fouling -- 8.6 Fouling Control Strategies -- 8.6.1 Pretreatment of Feed Wastewater -- 8.6.2 Physical Cleaning and Backwashing -- 8.6.3 Cleaning -- 8.6.4 Membrane Surface Modification -- 8.6.5 Optimization and Enhancement of Aeration -- 8.6.6 Biological Control Techniques -- 8.7 Reuse and Recovery of Wastewater Using an MBR. , 8.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Different Types of Advanced Bioreactors for the Treatment of Industrial Effluents 157 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Conventional Biological Treatments and Their Limitations -- 9.1.2 Advanced Bioprocesses and Available Reactor Designs -- 9.1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Chapter -- 9.2 Sequencing Batch Reactor for Effluent Treatment -- 9.3 Aerobic and Anaerobic Stirred-tank Bioreactors -- 9.4 Fixed- and Fluidized- Bed Bioreactor Designs -- 9.5 Membrane-based Technology and Other Possible Integration Approaches -- 9.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10 Membrane Bioreactors: An Advanced Technology to Treat Industrial Waste Water 174 -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Conventional Techniques for the Treatment of Industrial Waste Water -- 10.3 Advance Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Waste Water -- 10.3.1 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) -- 10.3.2 UV Irradiation -- 10.3.3 Automatic Variable Filtration -- 10.3.4 Electrochemical Processes -- 10.3.5 Adsorption -- 10.3.6 Membrane Filtration -- 10.4 Membrane Bioreactor -- 10.4.1 Working Principles of MBRs -- 10.4.2 Choice of Membranes and Membrane Elements for MBRs -- 10.4.3 Types of MBR -- 10.4.4 Membrane Fouling and Its Control in an MBR -- 10.4.5 MBR vs CAS -- 10.4.6 Application of MBRs -- 10.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 11 Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 215 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basics of a Membrane Bioreactor -- 11.3 Limitations and Trouble-shooting of MBR Operation -- 11.4 Commercial MBR Plants and MBR Application in Industrial Sectors -- 11.5 Industrial Application of Membrane Bioreactors -- 11.5.1 Application of the Membrane Bioreactor in Food and Beverage Industries -- 11.5.2 Application of the Membrane Bioreactors in Pharmaceutical Industries. , 11.5.3 Application of the Membrane Bioreactor in Petrochemical Industries -- 11.5.4 Application of the Membrane Bioreactor in Textile Industries -- 11.5.5 Application of the Membrane Bioreactor in Paper-pulp and Tannery Industry -- 11.6 Future Prospects for Membrane Bioreactor Technology -- References -- Chapter 12 Investigation and Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors: An Innovative Approach 241 -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Process Description and Configuration of MBR -- 12.3 Effect of MBR on Microorganism and Pollutants and Reuse Options -- 12.4 The Quality of the Effluent Water after MBR Treatment -- 12.5 The Cost Associated with MBRs -- 12.6 Limitations and Advantages of Membrane Bioreactors -- 12.7 Advancement in MBR Technology -- 12.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Membrane Bioreactors for Separation of Persistent Organic Pollutants From Industrial Effluents 257 -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Sources and Toxicity of POPs -- 13.2.1 Occurrence of Micro-pollutants in Groundwater and Drinking Water -- 13.2.2 Impact of Micro-pollutants on the Environment -- 13.2.3 Toxicity Induced by Micro-pollutants -- 13.3 MBRs for Efficient Treatment of POPs -- 13.4 Major Processes of Pollutant Removal Occurring in MBRs -- 13.4.1 Sorption -- 13.4.2 Biodegradation -- 13.4.3 Stripping/Volatilization -- 13.5 Factors Affecting MBR Efficiency -- 13.5.1 Physicochemical Properties of POPs -- 13.5.2 Operating Conditions -- 13.6 Integrated MBR-based Processes -- 13.6.1 AOPs-MBR -- 13.6.2 Reverse Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membrane Systems -- 13.6.3 Granular MBR -- 13.6.4 Membrane Distillation Bioreactor (MDBR) -- 13.6.5 Biofilm/Bio-entrapped Membrane Bioreactor -- 13.7 Membrane-based Separation of Treated Water from Mixed Liquor -- 13.7.1 Ultrafiltration Membranes -- 13.7.2 Nanofiltration Membranes. , 13.8 Different Tools for Process Optimization.