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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 1963-1971 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Image Scanning Ellipsometry, a technique to measure the two-dimensional thickness profile of a nonuniform, thin, liquid film, from several nanometers up to tens of microns, in the steady and transient states, was developed and tested. The ability of this full-field imaging technique to map every point on the surface simultaneously was demonstrated by measuring the thickness profiles of very thin, draining, liquid films in the interfacial, transition, hydrodynamic, and capillary regions. Depending on the relative size of the intermolecular, gravitational, and capillary forces, four flow regions were identified. Using a simple model for the transient film thickness profiles of a completely wetting, draining film of FC-70, the experimental results were successfully analyzed in the interfacial, transition, and hydrodynamic regions. A diffusion coefficient for the junction line between the interfacial and transition regions was theoretically and experimentally evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of OH and OD radicals with ethylene in the presence of 1 atm argon and 6 Torr water vapor was studied in the temperature range 343-1173 K. The results reveal three kinetically separate temperature regions: (1) 343-563 K, where the disappearance of OH radical is dominated by the addition of OH to the double bond of ethylene; (2) 563-748 K, where concurrent reactions of addition, the reverse reaction of addition and H-atom abstraction is dominant; and (3) 748-1173 K, where H-atom abstraction is likely the main reaction. The rate for hydrogen abstraction is 2.4 × 10-11 exp[(-2104 ± 125)/T] cm3/molec-s (for OD 2.1 × 10-11 exp[(-2130 ± 172)/T] cm3/molec-s). There was no obvious pyrolysis of ethylene below 1073 K. The study of OD radical with ethylene shows a small isotope effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-09-15
    Description: One of the important challenges that graphene must overcome before it can legitimately declare its irreplaceable position among the fields of plasmonic materials is to achieve efficiently coupling to external light. In this paper, we demonstrate an effective solution to this problem by exciting localized surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on graphene-coated nanowire arrays (GCNAs). These SPPs are analyzed by introducing a universal scaling law that considerably simplifies the understanding of these modes. Meanwhile, numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the theoretical analysis of plasmon excitations. The excited SPPs permit the control through both geometrical and physical properties. The proposed structure can be used as a tunable optical filter, a highly sensitive refractive index sensor, and other plasmonic modulation devices.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-02-10
    Description: Rainfall–runoff processes appear to be highly nonlinear in Bayinbluk watersheds of the northwestern China. In this study, the time-scale wavelet transform has been used for the analysis of this nonstationary system. The Haar and Morlet wavelet transform were used to analyse the rainfall–runoff conversion relationship. Wavelet power spectrum and change point methods are also employed to analyse rainfall rates and runoffs measured at daily to half-hourly sampling rate. The four experimental sites (Luoto, Haer, Kuce and Shengl) are located in the Tianshan Mountains (Xinjiang province, China). Correlation analysis and wavelet transform are first applied to runoff process in different underlying surfaces. Wavelet analyses of rainfall rates and runoffs also give meaningful information on the temporal variability of the rainfall–runoff relationship. Change point and wavelet power spectrum analysis provide simple interpretation of energy distribution between different scales. The results indicate that wavelet transform is a good method for analysing the nonlinear relationship of temporal–spatial responses between rainfall and runoff. This method allowed quantification of the processes affecting runoff and provided an insight into their implications in surface water management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-05-20
    Description: A 160-km-long seismic gap, which has not been ruptured over ~8000 year, was identified recently in North China. In this study, we use a dynamic source model and a newly available high-resolution 3-D velocity structure to simulate long period ground motion (up to 0.5 Hz) from possibly worst-case rupture scenarios of the seismic gap. We find that the characteristics of the earthquake source and the local geologic structure play a critical role in controlling the amplitude and distribution of the simulated strong ground shaking. Rupture directivity and slip asperities can result in large amplitude (i.e., 〉1 m/s) ground shaking near the fault, whereas long duration shaking may occur within sedimentary basins. In particular, a deep and closed Quaternary basin between Beijing and Tianjin can lead to ground shaking of several tens of cm/s for more than 1 minute. These results may provide a sound basis for seismic mitigation in one of the most populated regions in the world.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: With the progression of molecular techniques, the detection of circulating plasma DNA (cpDNA) is clinically feasible. However, the role of the cpDNA levels in gastric cancer is not well understood. This study assessed the mutational profile in primary tumors and clarified the clinical utility of quantitative and qualitative cpDNA alterations in 277 patients with advanced gastric cancer. The concentrations of cpDNA were measured by TaqMan qPCR, and 68 mutations in 8 genes were studied for cpDNA mutations. The median cpDNA concentrations in patients with stage I, II, and III gastric cancer were 3979, 3390, and 4278 copies/mL, respectively, and increased to 11,380 copies/mL in patients with stage IV gastric cancer ( P 〈0.001). Among the 35 patients harboring cpDNA mutations, stage IV patients (100%) were more likely to display high cpDNA levels than were stage I (33.3%), II (75%), and III patients (66.7%) ( P =0.037). Patients displaying high cpDNA levels were more likely to experience peritoneal recurrence and exhibited significantly lower 5-year overall survival rates (39.2% vs. 45.8%, P = 0.039) than did patients displaying low cpDNA levels. Only for late stage (stage III or IV) gastric cancer, patients harboring cpDNA mutations were more likely to experience vascular invasion (20% vs. 2.4%, P =0.036) and exhibited a lower 5-year overall survival rate than did those lacking cpDNA mutations (5.6% vs. 31.5%, P =0.028). High cpDNA levels are associated with peritoneal recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer; harboring cpDNA mutations is associated with poor prognosis among patients with late stage gastric cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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