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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorobiphenyls: Model Compounds for Metabolism in Food Chain Organisms and Their Potential Use as Ecotoxicological Stress Indicators by Application of the Metabolic Slope Concept (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 1851-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00007a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection for the determination of toxic congeners in polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 60 (1988), S. 478-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in commercial Aroclor and Clophen mixtures by multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 23 (1989), S. 852-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00065a015
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    High Resolution PCB Analysis of Kanechlor, Phenoclor and Sovol Mixtures Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (1992)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 47 (3). pp. 201-215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: Kanechlor-300, -400, -500 and -600, Phenoclor DP-3, -4, -5 and -6 and Sovol mixtures were analyzed for their chlorobiphenyl (CB) composition using high-resolution one-dimensional and multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection (MDGC-ECD) techniques. The congener patterns of tested Kanechlor and Phenoclor mixtures resembled Aroclor 1016, 1242, 1254 and 1260. However, differences in the percentage contribution of minor constituents were noticed among these mixtures, which could be due to variations in the boiling-point fractionation of these commercial products. CB pattern of Sovol was different from the rest of the mixtures tested. It showed a composition in between ca. 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% overall chlorine levels. MDGC-ECD study showed the presence of hitherto unnoticed non-CB compounds coeluting with CBs in some commercial PCBs. The use of these mixtures as quantitation standards should be considered with caution. CB patterns of Sovol and a water extract of the Gulf of Finland matched closely, indicating a point source contamination to these waters.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/03067319208027029
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Chromatographic techniques in accurate analysis of chlorobiphenyls (1993)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Chromatography A, 642 (1-2). pp. 425-434.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-27
    Description: Accurate congener-specific determination of chlorobiphenyl congeners (all 209 congeners) is finally possible with the use of multidimensional gas chromatography-electron-capture detection techniques. The effectiveness of this technique for environmental analyses is enhanced by ultraclean laboratory practices, non-destructive extraction and clean-up steps and the use of low-volume, high-efficiency HPLC separation for various classes of organic contaminants. In the light of these new developments conventional procedures for chlorobiphenyl analysis are evaluated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80108-K
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    CO2 partial pressure in Northeast Atlantic and adjacent shelf waters: Processes and seasonal variability (1992)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems, 3 (6). pp. 453-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: CO2 partial pressure in surface water was measured in the Northeast Atlantic and in the Hebride Shelf/North Sea area during a cruise with R.V. Poseidon in June 1991. A mean pCO2 of 303 μatm was found in the Atlantic between 50°N and 60°N. For an atmospheric CO2 content of 357.5 ppm(v) this corresponds to a partial pressure difference of −55 μatm. This supports the view that the subarctic Atlantic is a significant sink within the CO2 cycle between the ocean and the atmosphere. A comparison of our measurements with other data reveals that the pCO2 distribution changes significantly during May/June. This explained by seasonal warming, CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and biomass production. The contribution by each of these processes to the seasonal variations is calculated. It was found that during a plankton bloom the production of biomass is the dominating factor and may lower seawater pCO2 by almost 100 μatm. The shelf areas are charactrized by strong pCO2 gradients which are explained by water exchange with the Atlantic, temperature effects and biomass production.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0924-7963(92)90016-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Chlorobiphenyls (PCB) and PAHs in water masses of the northern North Atlantic (1998)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Chemistry, 61 . pp. 101-114.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-21
    Description: Concentrations of 23 individual chlorobiphenyls (CBs) and 6 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in different water masses of the North Atlantic Ocean around Iceland. The study was carried out in the framework of the second Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) baseline studies of contaminants in the North Atlantic Ocean, involving trace organics and trace elements. Concentrations of individual CBs were extremely low. In solution, they varied between 〈2 and 126 fg dm−3 and in suspension between 〈2 and 1400 fg dm−3. The values for their sum (∑CB) were between 10 and 1048 in solution, and 286–11 241 fg dm−3 in suspension. ∑PAHs were present in the 〈5–65 pg dm−3 range, p,p′-DDE and hexachlorobenzene were 〈2 fg dm−3. The concentrations of CBs and PAHs decreased from the surface towards the bottom at each station. The lowest concentrations were found in Norwegian Sea Deep Water (∑CB 10 fg dm−3), concurrent with the lowest halocarbon concentrations found during the cruise. Values in near-surface waters were considerably lower than those determined at mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic. These findings reflect the mixing of water bodies with higher CB concentrations from the central North Atlantic with less contaminated waters from the Arctic Ocean. Concentrations in suspension exceeded those in solution in most samples, as a result of the relatively high suspended matter concentrations in the waters around Iceland. Particulate CB and PAH concentrations were positively correlated with particulate organic carbon concentrations. This suggests that suspended organic material is a carrier for these relatively apolar organic compounds in the water column. The data do not support the co-distillation concept suggested in the literature.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00010-3
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Chlorobiphenyls in suspension and sediment of the southern Baltic Sea: a mass balance calculation since the onset of PCB-production (1999)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 19 (7). pp. 891-910.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The effect of the supply of chlorinated biphenyls by the river Oder into some adjacent areas of Baltic Sea was studied in nine sediment cores and in 10 suspended matter samples. Congener-specific analysis was carried out on 28 individual chlorobiphenyls (CBs). ∑CB concentrations in suspension ranged from 2.4 pg dm-3 in the southern Bornholm Basin to 986 pg dm-3 in the Achterwasser. ∑CB contents in surface sediment decreased with increasing distance from the river mouth. Highest contents were found in the Oderhaff (18 ng g-1 dw) decreasing to 2 ng g-1 dw in the Bornholm Basin. The ∑CB contents generally decreased more or less regularly with increasing depth. The compositions of the CB mixtures in surficial sediment and suspension samples were rather similar, suggesting a common source. Compositions of the CB mixtures in the sediment cores showed distinct differences. These may reflect variations in source strength over time. Mass balance considerations on the basis of the 28 CBs resulted in an estimation of a total storage of approximate 733±158 kg ∑CBs in the Oderhaff, Achterwasser, Greifswalder Bodden, Oder Rinne, Arkona Basin and Bornholm Basin in the past 65 years, covering the time period since CBs were first produced. Based on river data about 500 kg of ∑CBs were supplied during this time by river Oder, that may thus be the major source of these compounds for the southern Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00117-4
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Toxic chlorobiphenyls in adipose tissue and whole blood of an occupationally/acidentally exposed man and the general population (1994)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Archives of Environmental Health, 49 . pp. 375-383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Individual polychlorinated biphenyl (CB) congeners in adipose and whole blood tissues of a capacitor manufacture worker (occupational/accidental exposure) and of the general population were determined. Nondestructive sample cleanup and multidimensional gas chromatography-electron capture detection (MDGC-ECD) techniques were applied. Special attention was given to the toxicologically relevant congeners CB-77, CB-126, CB-169, CB-105, CB-114, CB-118, CB-156, CB-167, and CB-189 (IUPAC). Lipid-based tissue contents of sigma CBs were higher in the occupationally/accidentally exposed worker (adipose = 7,000 ng/g; whole blood = 11 ng/g) than in the general population (adipose = 300 ng/g; whole blood = 1.9 ng/g). Among the non-ortho Cl CBs, CB-77 was below detection limit (〈 1.0 pg/g). The contents of CB-126 for the capacitor manufacture worker were 2,000 and 3 pg/g, and in the general population were 100 and 2 pg/g for adipose and whole blood, respectively. The corresponding data for CB-169 were 3,500 and 4 for adipose and whole blood, respectively, in the exposed worker, and 40 and 2 for adipose and whole blood, respectively, in the general population. Congeners with highest contents were CB-153, CB-138, CB-180, CB-170, and CB-187. These congeners possess chlorine substitution patterns, making them resistant to metabolism. X/153 ratios suggest that both PB and 3-MC type cytochrome P-450 enzymes were induced in the exposed worker, as well as in the general population.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1994.9954990
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    CB pattern in the harbour porpoise: Bioaccumulation, metabolism and evidence for cytochrome P450 IIB activity (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemosphere, 31 (7). pp. 3721-3732.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Metabolism of chlorobiphenyls (CBs) was studied in harbour porpoise by comparing patterns of CB-X/CB-153 ratios in blood, brain, liver and blubber with the patterns in herring, the main food source. The CBs were classified in five groups, based on the presence/absence of vicinal H-atoms (vic. Hs) in meta,para (m,p) and/or ortho,meta (o,m) positions and the number of ortho-Cl-atoms (ortho-Cls). Plots of CB-X/CB-153 ratios in porpoise tissue vs the ratios in herring appeared to be linear for each CB group in all tissues. Slopes of these plots (metabolic slopes) were used as quantitative indicators of metabolic activity. In this way, activity of PB-type isozymes of the P450 monooxygenase system was apparent: in contrast to existing literature data, harbour porpoise appears to be able to metabolize congeners with m,p vic. Hs, even in the presence of more than 2 ortho-Cls. The presence of 3-MC-type (MC-type) isozymes was also detected. The metabolic slopes were also used as basis for risk assessment. Due to their metabolism the most toxic non-ortho CBs were not present in the tissues at detectable levels. We suggest a risk assessment approach which takes this into account. It is considered to be an alternative and more reliable basis for risk assessment than the use of toxic equivalent factors. The results support the model of equilibrium distribution of CBs in harbour porpoise and the role of blood as central transport medium. The model has been developed for persistent compounds; it appears to hold for metabolizable CB congeners as well.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00221-S
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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