Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 1501547-FR , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 98-99 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Zusammenfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Intro -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- Acronyms -- 1 Old Units of Measurement in India -- 1.1 Time Intervals -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1.1 Source of Information -- 1.1.1.2 Concept of Time -- 1.1.1.3 Types of Time Scales -- Terrestrial Day -- Sidereal Day -- Solar Day -- Lunar Day -- 1.1.2 Time Intervals -- 1.1.2.1 Mention of Permanu, Anu and Treserenu in Shrimad Bhagwad Puran -- 1.1.2.2 Time Intervals as Fraction of a Day -- 1.1.2.3 Time Intervals in Terms of Nimesh -- Time Interval from Vishnu Puran -- Time Intervals from Bhavishya Puran -- 1.1.2.4 Smaller Time Intervals in Steps of 60 -- Time Intervals Given in Steps of 60 -- Time Intervals from Surya Siddhant -- Time Intervals with Multiple Names -- Time Interval in Steps of 30 -- 1.1.3 Sidereal Metrics -- 1.1.4 Time Intervals in Chanakiya Arthsashtra -- 1.1.5 Multiplicity in Smaller Time Intervals -- 1.1.6 Realization of Naadika: A Standard of a Time Interval -- 1.1.7 Lunar Metrics -- 1.1.7.1 Tithi -- 1.1.7.2 Paksh -- 1.1.7.3 Lunar Month -- 1.1.7.4 Lunar Ritu, Ayan -- 1.1.8 Adjustment in Calendars -- 1.1.8.1 Gregorian Calendar -- 1.1.8.2 Lunar Calendar -- 1.1.9 Middle-Level Time Intervals -- 1.1.10 Bigger Time Intervals -- 1.1.10.1 Charan -- 1.1.10.2 Yug -- 1.1.10.3 Duration of Each Yug in Human Years -- 1.1.10.4 Durations of Each Yug in Divine Years -- 1.1.10.5 Mahayug -- 1.1.10.6 Manvantar -- 1.1.10.7 Kalp -- In Terms of Manvantar -- In Terms of Mahayug -- Equivalence of Two Definitions -- 1.1.10.8 Age of the Sun -- 1.1.10.9 Night of Brahma -- 1.1.11 Names of 14 Manvantar -- 1.1.12 Time Intervals in Terms of Kalp -- 1.1.13 Summary of Bigger Time Intervals -- 1.1.14 The Time Elapsed Since Creation of Universe -- 1.1.15 Date of Commencement of the Present Kaliyug -- 1.2 Length Intervals -- 1.2.1 Introduction. , 1.2.2 Sets of Smaller Length Intervals -- 1.2.2.1 Set of Smaller Units of Length as Given in Agni Puran -- 1.2.2.2 Set of Smaller Units of Length in Chanakiya Arthsashtra -- 1.2.3 Units of Length in Multiples of Angul -- 1.2.3.1 Length Units with Different Names But of the Same Value -- 1.2.3.2 Smaller Units of Length in Times of Bhoja -- Sub-multiples and Multiples of Angul (Raja Bhoja) -- Specific Fields of Use of Prasaya, Sadharan or Saya -- Prasaya -- Sadharan -- Saya -- 1.2.3.3 Yojan in Bhoja Time -- 1.2.3.4 Units of Length in Multiples of Angul -- 1.2.3.5 Units Used for Distance Measurements -- 1.2.3.6 Units of Length by Cardarelli -- 1.2.4 Two Kinds of Danush -- 1.2.5 Scale of Mohenjo-Daro -- 1.2.5.1 Situation of Mohenjo-Daro -- 1.2.5.2 Scale of Mohenjo-Daro -- 1.2.5.3 Decoding the Mohenjo-Daro Scale -- 1.2.6 Supportive Evidences for Taking 1 Angul Equal to 16.764 mm -- 1.2.6.1 The Indus Inch -- 1.2.6.2 Temple Wall Engravings Related to Dhanush -- 1.2.6.3 Mohenjo-daro's Great Bath -- 1.2.7 Various Yojan -- 1.2.7.1 Yojan in Valmiki Ramayan -- 1.2.7.2 British Yojan -- 1.2.7.3 Indian Yojan -- 1.2.7.4 Units in Terms of Human Limbs -- 1.2.8 Length in Terms of Latitude -- 1.2.8.1 Change in Distance with Latitude and Longitude -- Distance Due to Change in Latitude Only -- Distance Due to Change in Longitude Only -- 1.2.8.2 Variation of Latitude from Equator to Pole -- 1.2.8.3 Definition of Metre -- 1.2.9 Pre-Akbar Length Measures -- 1.2.9.1 Linear Units in Terms of Angul -- 1.2.10 Weights and Measures in Akbar Time -- 1.2.10.1 System of Weights and Measures by Akbar -- 1.2.10.2 Akbar IIahi Gaz -- Administration and Standardization of Land Measurement in Akbar's Period -- 1.2.10.3 Smaller Units of Length in Akbar Period (1556-1605) -- 1.2.11 Length Units Used by Tailors -- 1.2.12 Length Units in Dependent India -- 1.2.12.1 Base Unit 1 in. , 1.2.12.2 Imperial Length Units -- 1.3 Units of Weight and Volume -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.1.1 Mass and Weight -- 1.3.1.2 Grain -- 1.3.1.3 Measurement of Weights Per Grain of a Cereals -- 1.3.1.4 Value of Troy Grain -- 1.3.2 Weights Nomenclature from Manusmriti -- 1.3.2.1 Verses of Manusmriti Pertaining to Weights -- 1.3.2.2 Weights in Terms of Grains -- 1.3.2.3 Weights in Multiples of Ratti -- Silver Trade -- Gold Trade -- 1.3.3 Weights in Terms of Tresarenu -- 1.3.4 Charak System of Weights -- 1.3.4.1 Weights Used in Ayurveda -- 1.3.4.2 Pal Tolaa Relationship -- 1.3.5 Weight Measurement in Ancient India -- 1.3.5.1 Weight Units in Narad Puran -- 1.3.5.2 Weights Used for Food Grains -- 1.3.5.3 Volume of Granular Materials -- 1.3.6 Weights in Terms of Grain of Rice (chawal) -- 1.3.6.1 Weights in Terms of Rice (Chawal) -- 1.3.6.2 Weights in Multiples of Rice with Husk (Dhaan) -- 1.3.6.3 Bullion Weights in Terms of Chawal (Rice) -- 1.3.6.4 Weights System Used in Southern Part of India -- 1.3.7 Weights Used in Pre-Akbar Period -- 1.3.7.1 Weights in Terms of chawal, ratti, maashaa, Etc -- 1.3.7.2 Weights in Terms of Siki -- 1.3.8 Weights in Colonial (Pre-Independence) Years -- 1.3.8.1 Weights in Terms of Khaskas -- 1.3.8.2 Variety of Weights Before Independence -- 1.3.8.3 Weights in Terms of Gunja -- 1.3.9 Conventions Followed by Public for Weights -- 1.3.9.1 Urban Area -- 1.3.9.2 Rural Area -- 1.3.9.3 Present Situation -- 1.3.10 Weights and Volume Measures by Chanakiya -- 1.3.10.1 Weights -- Smaller Units of Weights -- Gold Trade -- Silver Trade -- Diamond Trade -- Bigger Units of Weights -- Miscellaneous Weight Units -- Denominations of Weights -- Gold Trade -- Silver Trade -- General Trade -- Material of Weights -- 1.3.10.2 Balances -- Balances in Gold Trade -- Balances for Other Commodities -- Samavritta Balance -- Parimani Balance. , Commercial Balances -- 1.3.10.3 Volume Measurements -- Types of Drona -- Other Units of Volume -- Construction of Volumetric Measures -- Volumetric Measures for Granular Material -- Volumetric Measures for Liquids -- 1.3.10.4 Administrative Measures -- Price Control on Weight and Measure -- Verification Period and Fee Chargeable -- Taptavyaji -- Smaller Standard Measures -- 1.3.11 Conversion Factors -- References -- 2 System of Quantities and Units -- 2.1 Quantities -- 2.2 System of Quantities -- 2.2.1 Quantity -- 2.2.2 Base Quantity -- 2.2.3 System of Base Quantities -- 2.2.4 Derived Quantity -- 2.2.5 Quantity Equation -- 2.2.6 Quantity Value Equation -- 2.2.7 Dimension of Derived Unit -- 2.3 Measurement Unit -- 2.3.1 System of Measurement Units -- 2.3.2 System of Base Units -- 2.3.2.1 Properties of Base Units -- 2.3.2.2 Minimum Number of Base Units -- 2.3.3 Derived Unit -- 2.3.4 Unit Equation -- 2.3.5 Properties of Units of Measurement -- 2.3.6 Coherent Derived Unit -- 2.4 Quantity of Dimension 1 or Dimensionless Quantity -- 2.4.1 Dimension of a Quantity -- 2.4.2 Quantities of Dimension 1 or Dimensionless Quantities -- 2.4.3 Ordinal Quantity -- 2.4.4 Quantity Scale, Measurement Scale -- 2.4.5 Ordinal Quantity Scale, Ordinal Scale -- 2.4.6 Nominal Property -- 2.5 Conversion Factor Between Units -- 2.6 Quantity Relations -- 2.6.1 Quantity Value -- 2.6.2 Numerical Quantity Value -- 2.6.3 Quantity Calculus -- 2.7 Units Used in Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Forensic Science Biological Effects -- 2.7.1 Photochemical or Photo-Biological Quantities and Their Units -- 2.7.2 Conversion of Radiometric to Photometric Quantities -- 2.7.3 Photometry and Photon-Number-Based Quantities -- 2.7.4 Units Used in Photometry -- 2.7.5 Actinic Action Spectrum -- 2.7.6 Types of Visions -- 2.7.7 Unit in the Field of Sound. , 2.7.8 Units in the Field of Ionizing Radiations -- 2.8 SI Units in the Framework of General Relativity -- References -- 3 Various Systems of Units -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Relations Between the Quantities -- 3.2.1 Derived Quantities by Definition -- 3.2.2 Derived Quantities by a Phenomenon -- 3.3 Three-Dimensional System of Units -- 3.3.1 Gauss System -- 3.3.2 CGS System -- 3.3.3 FPS System -- 3.4 Four-Dimensional Systems of Units -- 3.4.1 Giorgi System of Units -- 3.4.2 Maxwell System -- 3.4.3 Hartree System -- 3.4.4 Units for Atomic and Molecular Measurements -- 3.4.5 McWeeny System of Units -- 3.4.6 Ohm, Ampere, Second and Metre System -- 3.4.7 Force, Length and Time System -- 3.4.8 System in Terms of Universal Constants (G, H, E and Q) -- 3.4.9 System in Terms of Electric Charge, Flux, Length and Time -- 3.4.10 System in Terms of L, M, T and R -- 3.5 Derived Quantities in Terms of L, M, T and R-An Example -- 3.6 Measurement System in Terms of Length Time Flux and Charge -- References -- 4 Metre Convention and Evolution of Base Units -- 4.1 BIPM and Metre Convention -- 4.1.1 General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) -- 4.1.2 International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) -- 4.1.3 Consultative Committees -- 4.1.3.1 Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM) -- 4.1.3.2 Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) -- 4.1.3.3 Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) -- 4.1.3.4 Consultative Committee for Length (CCL) -- 4.1.3.5 Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) -- 4.1.3.6 Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI) -- 4.1.3.7 Consultative Committee for Units (CCU) -- 4.1.3.8 Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) -- 4.1.3.9 Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry (CCQM). , 4.1.3.10 Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration (CCAUV).

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMWi 1501594-FR , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Deutsch, Englisch