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  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of sea surface salinity in stochastically forced systems (1993)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 8 (1993), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influences of horizontal advection and horizontal diffusion on the variability of sea surface salinity in stochastically forced systems are investigated. Basic ideas are developed using a two dimensional box model and then extended to a more realistic three dimensional ocean general circulation model. It is shown that, in the absence of advection and diffusion, the ocean response is essentially that predicted by Taylor's random walk model. Advection becomes important when the advective time scale is less than the response time of the mixed layer to the stochastic forcing. Advection of parcels from regions of upwelling into regions of downwelling limits their exposure time to the stochastic forcing and thus the maximum attainable variance in the system (variance increases linearly with time). Regions of upwelling and downwelling may be introduced through the thermohaline overturning circulation or by the wind driven Ekman transport, depending on the specific model configuration. Horizontal diffusion is found to be important when the diffusive time scale is less than the mixed layer response time. The primary role of diffusion is to reduce the effective stochastic forcing through rapid mixing of uncorrelated surface forcing events. Because sea surface salinity does not have a negative feedback with the atmosphere, it is more strongly influenced by weak horizontal processes than sea surface temperature (SST). Accurate knowledge of the stochastic forcing amplitude, decorrelation time, and length scale and distribution are critical to model the variance of sea surface salinity. Aspects of the ocean model which strongly influence the variability of sea surface salinity include the surface velocity, horizontal diffusivity, and the mixed layer depth. Implications on modeling of the ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208094
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Wave-induced abyssal recirculations (1994)
    Sears Foundation of Marine Research
    In:  Journal of Marine Research, 52 (6). pp. 1051-1080.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-15
    Description: The forcing of abyssal recirculation gyres by cross-isopycnal mixing and wave fluxes near the deep western boundary is investigated. A three-layer isopycnal primitive equation model is applied in a series of experiments to an idealized basin with bottom topography. In the absence of deep western boundary current instabilities, cross-isopycnal mixing forces a cyclonic recirculation gyre, modified by topography, which is consistent with the traditional Stommel-Arons model. Instabilities of the boundary current fundamentally alter the mean basin-scale deep flow from a cyclonic recirculation to an anticyclonic recirculation. Bottom topography plays a key role in destabilizing the mean flow. The forcing mechanism for the interior recirculation is the horizontal divergence of momentum and potential vorticity fluxes carried by topographic waves that are forced by the boundary current instabilities. The strength of the recirculation gyre is linearly proportional to the kinetic energy of the waves, which is controlled in the present model by bottom drag, and well predicted by a simple scale analysis. This is essentially an adiabatic process. The addition of cross-isopycnal mixing forces the large-scale interior recirculation toward the pole, partially into boundary currents, through linear vorticity dynamics. Vorticity budgets reveal three dynamical regimes for the eddy-driven flows, the western boundary current, the recirculation region, and the interior. Similarities and differences between the mean flow and recent observations in the Brazil Basin are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1357/0022240943076830
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Unknown
    Observational and modeling evidence of seasonal trends in sediment-derived material inputs to the Chukchi Sea (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125(5), (2020): e2019JC016007, doi:10.1029/2019JC016007.
    Description: Benthic inputs of nutrients help support primary production in the Chukchi Sea and produce nutrient‐rich water masses that ventilate the halocline of the western Arctic Ocean. However, the complex biological and redox cycling of nutrients and trace metals make it difficult to directly monitor their benthic fluxes. In this study, we use radium‐228, which is a soluble radionuclide produced in sediments, and a numerical model of an inert, generic sediment‐derived tracer to study variability in sediment inputs to the Chukchi Sea. The 228Ra observations and modeling results are in general agreement and provide evidence of strong benthic inputs to the southern Chukchi Sea during the winter, while the northern shelf receives higher concentrations of sediment‐sourced materials in the spring and summer due to continued sediment‐water exchange as the water mass traverses the shelf. The highest tracer concentrations are observed near the shelfbreak and southeast of Hanna Shoal, a region known for high biological productivity and enhanced benthic biomass.
    Description: This study presents data from multiple Arctic expeditions over the past two decades, and we are indebted to the captains, crews, and scientific parties that made this data collection possible. This work was funded by NSF awards OCE‐1458305 to M. Charette, OCE‐1458424 to W. Moore, OCE‐1434085 to D. Kadko, PLR‐1504333 to R. Pickart, and OPP‐1822334 to M. Spall. Funding was also provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA14‐OAR4320158 to R. Pickart. L. Kipp was supported by an Ocean Frontier Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship. Radium data used in this manuscript are available in Table S1.
    Description: 2020-10-27
    Keywords: Chukchi Sea ; Benthic flux ; Radium‐228 ; GEOTRACES
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
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