Description: Earth’s climate experienced a major reorganization across the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) from 1.25 to 0.6 million years ago (Ma), when the dominant climate periodicity transitioned from 41-thousand years (kyr) to around 100-kyr. The MPT occurred without a concomitant shift in the orbital forcing rhythm, so it is related to internal climate dynamics rather than external astronomical forcing. Here, we investigate Asian climate dynamics associated with two extreme glacial loess coarsening events at the onset and middle of the MPT by combining new and existing grain size and magnetic susceptibility records from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) spanning the last 1.6 Ma. We find that the two extreme glacial events were marked by a combination of intensified and expanded Asian aridity, winter monsoon strengthening, and distinct coarsening of loess layers L15 and L9-1 across the CLP. These two glacial intensifications coincided with notable Northern Hemisphere glacial ice sheet expansion at 1.25 and 0.9 Ma when the 100-kyr initiated and intensified. By integrating observations, land-sea correlations, and model simulations, we propose that these anomalously dry and windy Asian glacials were probably driven by an amplified terrestrial climate response to the coincident Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion. The shift from a 41-kyr to 100-kyr orbital periodicity across the MPT also occurred in our monsoon records, which reflect Northern Hemisphere ice sheet control on orbital-scale Asian climate variability, not just on extreme glacial Asian climate events at 1.25 and 0.9 Ma. Our study supports a close relationship between Asia-interior and global climate changes.