Keywords:
Disinfectants industry -- By-products -- Environmental aspects.
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Disinfectants industry -- By-products -- Health aspects.
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Disinfectants industry -- Environmental aspects.
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Disinfection and disinfectants -- Byproducts -- Environmental aspects.
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Disinfection and disinfectants -- Byproducts -- Health aspects.
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Disinfection and disinfectants -- Byproducts -- Toxicology.
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Disinfection and disinfectants -- Environmental aspects.
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Disinfection and disinfectants -- Health aspects.
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Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book evaluates the risks to human health posed by disinfectants and disinfectant by-products found in treated drinking-water. Noting that chlorine and other widely-used disinfectants were approved for use almost 100 years ago when toxicological data were limited the report responds to the need for reassurance that consumption of treated drinking-water will not have adverse effects on health. Particular concern centres on the potential of chlorine to react with natural organic matter and form a large number of by-products some of which have been intensively studied as potential human carcinogens. With these concerns in mind the report evaluates over 800 recent studies in an effort to clarify understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of disinfectants and disinfectant by-products and provide a balanced assessment of the associated risks to human health. The report is issued at a time when public health authorities and utilities providers in several countries are considering alternative methods of disinfection aimed at reducing the formation of specific by-products. In this context the report stresses the overriding importance of microbiological safety and warns that adequate disinfection must not be compromised by efforts to control chemical by-products. The first chapter on the chemistry of disinfectants and disinfectant by-products examines the many complex factors including methods of water treatment that govern the formation of by-products and influence their type and amount. Of special interest to utilities providers the chapter explains the physical and chemical properties that influence the behaviour of specific by-products in drinking-water and determine their toxic actions. By-products of greatest concern are identified as trihalomethanes including chloroform and bromodichloromethane haloacetic acids including dichloroacetic acid
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (530 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789240687578
Series Statement:
Environmental Health Criteria
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=763011
DDC:
363.738
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREAMBLE -- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. SUMMARY AND EVALUATION -- 2. CHEMISTRY OF DISINFECTANTS AND DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS -- 3. TOXICOLOGY OF DISINFECTANTS -- 4. TOXICOLOGY OF DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS -- 5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES -- 6. RISK CHARACTERIZATION -- 7. RISK CONCLUSIONS AND COMPARISONS -- 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 9. RESEARCH NEEDS -- 10. PREVIOUS EVALUATIONS BY INTERNATIONAL BODIES -- REFERENCES -- RESUME ET EVALUATION -- RESUMEN Y EVALUACION.
