Note: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- List of Contributors -- Integrating Technologies to Minimize Environmental Impacts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Developments and Emerging Trends in the Crop Protection Industry -- 3 Improving the Sustainability of Crop Production -- 3.1 Improved Properties of Synthetic Pesticides -- 3.2 Emerging Technologies -- 3.3 Enhanced Application Technologies -- 3.4 Better Land Management -- 4 Role of Regulation in Technology Development -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Nutrients on Freshwater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Requirements and Utilisation of N and P by Different Crops -- 3 The Loss, Impact and Management of Fertiliser N and P from Land to Water -- 3.1 The Availability of Nutrient Sources to Loss -- 3.2 Pathways of Nutrient Loss -- 3.3 Attenuation -- 3.4 Processing of N and P in Freshwaters -- 3.5 Strategies to Mitigate N and P Losses -- 4 Future Directions and Research Gaps -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pesticides -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pesticides and Terrestrial Wildlife -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Pesticide Use and Impacts on Terrestrial Biodiversity: Past and Present -- 2.3 Wildlife Protection Goals in Pesticide Regulation -- 2.4 Direct Effects -- 2.5 Indirect Effects -- 2.6 Pesticides and Protected Sites and Habitats -- 2.7 Conclusion -- 3 Pesticide Resistance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Herbicide Resistance -- 3.3 Fungicide Resistance -- 3.4 Insecticide Resistance -- 3.5 Managing Resistance -- 4 Pesticides in Water -- 4.1 What Is the Issue? -- 4.2 Pesticide Movement to Water -- 4.3 Regulatory Control -- 4.4 Mitigation -- 4.5 Looking Ahead: Do We Have All the Answers? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Agroecology and Organic Farming as Approaches to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Agricultural Chemicals -- 1 Introduction. , 2 What are Agroecology and Organic Farming? -- 2.1 Agroecology -- 2.2 Organic Farming -- 3 Typical Practices and Systems -- 3.1 What Role Does Chemistry Play in these Approaches? -- 3.2 Restricting Inputs or Redesigning Systems? -- 4 Performance of Agroecological Approaches Relative to Conventional Intensive Systems -- 4.1 Biodiversity -- 4.2 Resource Use and Emissions -- 4.3 Productivity -- 4.4 Financial Viability -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Crop Biotechnology for Weed and Insect Control -- 1 Global Trends of GM Crop Adoption -- 2 Herbicide Tolerance -- 2.1 A Driver for Changing Agronomic Practices -- 2.2 Conservation Tillage Agriculture -- 2.3 Managing Resistance -- 3 Pest/Disease Resistance -- 3.1 Bt Genes and Toxins -- 3.2 Reduction in Insecticide Use -- 3.3 Evolution of Insect Resistance to Cry Toxins -- 4 What Does the Future Hold? -- 4.1 Regulatory Hurdles and Asynchronous Approvals -- 4.2 What is the Future for Crop Biotechnology? -- References -- Aquaculture -- 1 Aquaculture - A Modern Food Industry with a Long History -- 1.1 Our Seas and Oceans as a Source of Food -- 1.2 A Changing Landscape -- 1.3 A Long History -- 1.4 The Present Day -- 2 Challenges -- 3 The Use of Chemicals for Pest/Disease/Parasite Control -- 3.1 The Requirement to Use Pesticides -- 3.2 Sea Lice Treatments in Salmon Aquaculture -- 3.3 Non-salmonid Aquaculture -- 3.4 Anti-fouling Compounds -- 3.5 Disinfectants -- 4 Potential Impacts on the Environment and Non-target Species -- 5 Strategies to Reduce Chemical Usage -- 5.1 Testing the Products -- 5.2 Changes to Husbandry -- 5.3 Minimising Infection Pressure by Cooperation Between Farms within a Geographically Connected Area -- 5.4 Bioremediation -- 5.5 Using Natural Compounds which are Environmentally Benign -- 5.6 Improving the Host's Resistance to Disease -- 5.7 Natural Predators -- 6 Conclusions. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Horticulture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview -- 2.1 Fertilisers -- 2.2 Soil Health -- 2.3 Pests, Diseases and Weeds -- 2.4 Water Use and Water Quality -- 3 Case Studies -- 3.1 Case Study 1: Carrot Production in the UK -- 3.2 Case Study 2: Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) in Apple Orchards -- 4 Future Perspectives -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Subject Index.