Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- Part IRadiative Transfer -- 1 The Discrete Ordinate Algorithm, DISORT for Radiative Transfer -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Equation of Transfer in DISORT -- 2.1 Radiative Transfer Equation Uncoupled in Azimuth -- 3 Discrete Ordinate Approximation-Matrix Formulation -- 4 Discrete Ordinate Approximation-Solution -- 4.1 Homogeneous Solution -- 4.2 Particular Solution -- 4.3 General Solution -- 4.4 Intensities at Arbitrary Angles -- 4.5 Boundary and Interface Conditions -- 4.6 Scaling Transformation -- 5 Flux, Flux Divergence, and Mean Intensity -- 6 Optimizing Efficiency and Accuracy for Intensities -- 6.1 δ-M Transformation -- 6.2 Correction of the Intensity Field -- 7 Numerical Considerations -- 7.1 Computation of Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions -- 7.2 Numerical Solution for the Constants of Integration -- 7.3 Removable Singularities in the Intensities -- 7.4 Fourier Expansion of the Surface BRDF -- 7.5 ω = 1 Special Case -- 7.6 Simplified Albedo and Transmissivity Computations -- 8 DISORT Test Cases -- 9 A Brief History of DISORT -- 10 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Community Radiative Transfer Model for Air Quality Studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 What Are the Common Air Pollutants? -- 2.1 Air Pollutants -- 2.1.1 Ozone -- 2.1.2 Particulate Matter -- 2.1.3 Carbon Monoxide -- 2.1.4 Nitrogen Oxides -- 2.1.5 Sulfur Dioxide -- 2.1.6 Lead -- 3 Satellite Data for Studying Air Quality -- 4 Community Radiative Model -- 4.1 Radiative Transfer Equation and Solver -- 4.2 Atmospheric Transmittance Models -- 4.3 Scattering Properties -- 4.4 Molecules -- 4.5 Aerosols -- 4.6 Clouds -- 4.7 Surface Reflectivity and Emissivity Models -- 5 Aerosol Models -- 5.1 Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport Model (GOCART). , 5.2 The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System -- 5.3 Global Modeling: GOCART in NEMS GFS Aerosol Component (NGAC) -- 5.4 Regional Modeling: CMAQ in National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) -- 6 Satellite Data Assmilation and Air Quality Forecasting -- 7 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Analytical Solution of Radiative Transfer Using Cumulant Expansion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Derivation of Cumulants to an Arbitrary Order -- 3 Gaussian Approximation of the Distribution Function -- 4 Cumulant Solution for Polarized Radiative Transport Equation -- 5 Applications of the Cumulant Solution of Radiative Transfer -- 5.1 Early Photon Tomography (EPT) -- 5.2 Retrieving Parameters of Water Cloud from CALIPSO Data -- 6 Summary -- References -- 4 Radiative Transfer in Spherically and Cylindrically Symmetric Media -- 1 Radiation Fields in Infinite Media Illuminated by a Point Source -- 1.1 Infinite Homogeneous Media with a Planar Source -- 1.2 The Relationship Between Radiation Field Characteristics in an Infinite Medium with Point or Plane Sources -- 1.3 Exact Expressions for the Source Function and the Radiation Intensity in an Infinite Medium Illuminated by an Isotropic Point Source -- 2 The Radiation Field in an Infinite Medium with a Spherical Symmetric Distribution of Sources -- 2.1 The System of Eigenfunctions of the Homogeneous Equation of Radiative Transfer in a Spherically Symmetric Medium -- 2.2 Green's Function for the Radiative Transfer Equation in an Infinite Medium with a Spherically Symmetric Distribution of the Sources -- 3 Radiation Fields in a Sphere and in a Spherical Envelope -- 3.1 Main Methods for Solving Equation of Radiative Transfer in Spherically Symmetric Media -- 3.2 The Integral Equation for the Source Function in the Case of a Sphere. , 3.3 The Structure of Green's Function for Media with Spherical Symmetry -- 3.4 Integral Relations Between the Green's Functions -- 3.5 Eigenfunctions Biorthogonal at the Half Interval of the Variation of the Angular Variable -- 3.6 Coefficients of Reflection and Transmission of Light -- 4 Asymptotic Formulae of the Theory of Radiative Transfer in an Infinite Medium, a Sphere, and a Spherical Shell -- 4.1 The Asymptotic Light Regime in an Infinite Medium Far from a Point Source -- 4.2 The Asymptotic Expression of Green's Function for an Infinite Medium with a Spherically Symmetric Distribution of Sources -- 4.3 Asymptotic Radiation Fields in Outer Layers of a Sphere of Large Optical Radius Far from Sources -- 4.4 The Asymptotic Behavior of the Radiation Field in an Optically Thick Spherical Envelope -- 4.5 The Asymptotic Behavior of the Radiation Field Far Away from a Source in a Medium with a Low True Absorption -- 5 Radiation Fields in Media with Cylindrical Symmetry -- 5.1 Basic Methods for Solving the Problems of the Radiative Transfer in Media with Cylindrical Symmetry -- 5.2 The Radiative Transfer Equation in Media with Cylindrical Symmetry -- 5.3 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of the Homogeneous Radiative Transfer Equation in a Media with Cylindrical Symmetry -- 6 Nonstationary Radiation Fields -- 6.1 Basic Equations of the Theory of Nonstationary Radiative Transfer -- 6.2 Asymptotic of the Nonstationary Radiation Field in Infinite Media -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Appendix A: The Results of Calculation by Formula (33) -- Appendix B: The Exactness of Approximate Expressions for the Mean Radiation Intensity and the Radiation Flux -- References -- Part IISingle Light Scattering -- 5 The Debye Series and Its Use in Time-Domain Scattering -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Scattering by a Homogeneous Sphere in Lorenz-Mie Theory. , 3 Partial Wave Fresnel Coefficients for Scattering by a Homogeneous Sphere -- 4 Derivation of the Debye Series for Scattering by a Homogeneous Sphere -- 5 Derivation of the Ray Model of Light Scattering Using the Debye Series -- 6 Scattering of a Neumann Beam by a Homogeneous Sphere -- 7 Debye Series for a Scattering by a Coated Sphere and a Multi-layer Sphere -- 7.1 Scattering by a Coated Sphere -- 7.2 Scattering by a Multi-layer Sphere -- 8 Debye Series for a Plane Wave Diagonally Incident on a Cylinder -- 9 Debye Series for a Scattering by a Spheroid -- 9.1 Scattering of Scalar Waves -- 9.2 Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves -- 10 General Description of Time-Domain Scattering -- 11 Time-Domain Scattering and the Ray Limit of the Debye Series -- 12 The Signature of Subtle Scattering Effects in Time-Domain Scattering -- 12.1 Electromagnetic Surface Waves -- 12.2 The Time-Domain Signature of Diffraction -- 13 Summary -- References -- 6 Morphological Models for Inhomogeneous Particles: Light Scattering by Aerosols, Cometary Dust, and Living Cells -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Effective-Medium Approximations -- 3 Encapsulated Light-Absorbing Carbon Aggregates -- 4 Mineral Dust -- 5 Volcanic Ash -- 6 Cometary Dust -- 7 Biological Particles -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- 7 Some Wave-Theoretic Problems in Radially Inhomogeneous Media -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wave Theory for Piecewise-Homogeneous Spheres -- 3 The Tunneling Analogy -- 4 The Two-Layer Inhomogeneous Sphere -- 4.1 TE Mode -- 4.2 TM Mode -- 4.3 The Potential Function -- 4.3.1 Case 1 and Case 2 -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Light Scattering and Thermal Emission by Primitive Dust Particles in Planetary Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models of Dust Agglomerates in Planetary Systems -- 2.1 Artificial Configuration of Constituent Grains. , 2.2 Coagulation Growth of Pristine Constituent Grains -- 3 Light-Scattering Techniques for Dust Agglomerates -- 3.1 T-Matrix Method and Generalized Multiparticle Mie Solution -- 3.2 Discrete Dipole Approximation -- 3.3 Effective Medium Approximations -- 4 Light Scattering by Dust Agglomerates -- 4.1 Single Scattering -- 4.2 Multiple Scattering -- 5 Thermal Emission from Dust Agglomerates -- 5.1 Spectral Energy Distribution -- 5.2 Characteristic Features of Minerals -- 6 Integral Optical Quantities of Dust Agglomerates -- 6.1 Bolometric Albedo -- 6.2 Radiation Pressure -- 6.3 Equilibrium Temperature -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- 8 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IIIPolarimetry -- 9 Polarimetry of Man-Made Objects -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mueller Matrices of Deterministic and Depolarizing Objects -- 3 Mueller Matrix Polarimetry -- 4 Radar Polarimetry -- 5 Applications of Optical and Radar Polarimetry -- 5.1 Contamination -- 5.1.1 Ocean -- 5.1.2 Chemical-Biological Materials -- 5.2 Urban Objects -- 5.3 Mines -- 5.4 Archaeology -- 5.5 Miscellaneous Man-Made Targets -- References -- Index.