Keywords:
Quantum theory.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
It has been recognised recently that the strange features of the quantum world could be used for new information transmission or processing functions such as quantum cryptography or, more ambitiously, quantum computing. These fascinating perspectives renewed the interest in fundamental quantum properties and lead to important theoretical advances, such as quantum algorithms and quantum error correction codes. On the experimental side, remarkable advances have been achieved in quantum optics, solid state physics or nuclear magnetic resonance. This book presents the lecture notes of the Les Houches Summer School on 'Quantum entanglement and information processing'. Following the long tradition of the les Houches schools, it provides a comprehensive and pedagogical approach of the whole field, written by renowned specialists. One major goal of this book is to establish connections between the communities of quantum optics and of quantum electronic devices working in the area of quantum computing. When two communities share the same goals, the universality of physics unavoidably leads to similar developments. However, the communication barrier is often high, and few physicists are able to overcome it. This school has contributed to bridge the existing gap between communities, for the benefit of the future actors in the field of quantum computing. The book thus combines introductory chapters, providing the reader with a sufficiently wide theoretical framework in quantum information, quantum optics and quantum circuits physics, with more specialized presentations of recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field. This structure makes the book accessible to any graduate student having a good knowledge of basic quantum mechanics, and extremely useful to researchers. · Covers quantum optics, solid state physics and NMR implementations ·
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (639 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080535425
Series Statement:
Issn Series ; v.Volume 79
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=405156
DDC:
535.15
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- Quantum Entanglement and Information Processing: Intrication Quantique Et Traitement De L'Information -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Lecturers -- Participants -- Preface -- Course 1. Principles of quantum computation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamentals: quantum mechanics and computer science -- 3. Quantum circuits -- 4. Entanglement as a physical resource -- 5. Information theory -- 6. Open quantum systems -- 7. Quantum error correction and fault tolerance -- References -- Course 2. Mesoscopic state superpositions and decoherence in quantum optics -- 1. An overview of quantum optics -- 2. Beam splitters and interferences in quantum optics -- 3. Schrödinger cats in cavity QED -- 4. Collapse and revivals of matter-waves: proposals for atomic Schrödinger cats -- 5. Conclusion: a brief comparison with other mesoscopic state superpositions in quantum optics -- References -- Course 3. Cavity quantum electrodynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microwave CQED experiments: The strong coupling regime -- 3. "Quantum logic" operations based on the vacuum Rabi oscillation -- 4. Step by step synthesis of a three particles entangled state -- 5. Direct atom-atom entanglement: cavity-assisted collision -- 6. Conclusion and perspectives -- References -- Course 4. Quantum optical implementation of quantum information processing -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trapped ions -- 3. Atoms in optical lattices -- 4. Quantum information processing with atomic ensembles -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Course 5. Quantum information processing in ion traps I -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ion trap quantum computer- the concept -- 3. Physics of ion traps -- 4. Coherent manipulation of quantum information -- 5. Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm -- 6. Cirac-Zoller CNOT-gate operation -- 7. Entanglement and Bell state generation -- 8. Summary and perspectives -- References.
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Course 6. Quantum information processing in ion traps II -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear RF (Paul) ion traps -- 3. Ion qubits -- 4. Stimulated Raman transitions -- 5. Multiple modes, multiple excited states -- References -- Course 7. Quantum cryptography with and without entanglement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intuitions -- 3. Experiments: a lesson in applied physics -- 4. Security -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Course 8. Quantum cryptography: from one to many photons -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Single photons sources for quantum cryptography -- 3. Quantum key distribution using gaussian-modulated coherent states -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Course 9. Entangled photons and quantum communication -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Distributing quantum entanglement -- 3. Quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping -- 4. Purification of entanglement -- 5. Quantum entanglement and information -- References -- Course 10. Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computation -- 1. Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 2. NMR and quantum logic gates -- 3. NMR quantum computers -- 4. Robust logic gates -- 5. An NMR miscellany -- 6. Summary -- Appendix A. Commutators and product operators -- References -- Course 11. Introduction to quantum conductors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The scattering approach to quantum conduction -- 3. Electronic quantum noise -- 4. Quasi-particle entanglement in ballistics conductors -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Course 12. Superconducting qubits -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic features of quantum integrated circuits -- 3. The simplest quantum circuit -- 4. The Josephson non-linear inductance -- 5. The quantum isolated Josephson junction -- 6. Why three basic types of Josephson qubits? -- 7. Qubit relaxation and decoherence -- 8. Readout of superconducting qubits -- 9. Coupling superconducting qubits.
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10. Can coherence be improved with better materials? -- 11. Concluding remarks and perspectives -- 12. Appendix 1: Quantum circuit theory -- 13. Appendix 2: Eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the Cooper pair box -- 14. Appendix 3: Relaxation and decoherence rates for a qubit -- References -- Course 13. Superconducting qubits and the physics of Josephson junctions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The nonlinear Josephson inductance -- 3. Phase, flux, and charge qubits -- 4. BCS theory and the superconducting state -- 5. The Josephson effect, derived from perturbation theory -- 6. The Josephson effect, derived from quasiparticle bound states -- 7. Generation of quasiparticles from nonadiabatic transitions -- 8. Quasiparticle bound states and qubit coherence -- 9. Summary -- References -- Course 14. Josephson quantum bits based on a Cooper pair box -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Cooper pair box -- 3. The Cooper pair box as a quantum bit -- 4. Decoherence of Josephson charge qubits -- 5. Two-qubit-gates with capacitively coupled Cooper pair boxes -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Course 15. Quantum tunnelling of magnetization in molecular nanomagnets -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Giant spin model for nanomagnets -- 3. Quantum dynamics of a dimer of nanomagnets -- 4. Environmental decoherence effects in nanomagnets -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Course 16. Prospects for strong cavity quantum electrodynamics with superconducting circuits -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brief review of cavity QED -- 3. Circuit implementation of cavity QED -- 4. Zero detuning -- 5. Large detuning: lifetime enhancement -- 6. Dispersive QND readout of qubit -- 7. Resonator as quantum bus: entanglement of multiple qubits -- 8. Summary and conclusions -- References.
