Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- References -- The Basic Ideas of the Ecosystem Service Concept -- 1 What Are Ecosystem Services? -- 2 Why Do We Need Ecosystem Services? -- 3 Which Ecosystem Services Are Relevant for River Basin Ecohydrology? -- 4 Which Ecosystem Services Can We Distinguish? -- 5 How Can We Quantify Ecosystem Services? -- 6 How Can Services Be Used in Human-Environmental Assessments? -- 7 Recent Problems of Ecosystem Service Assessments -- References -- Cultural Services in Aquatic Ecosystems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Supply of Cultural Services by Aquatic Ecosystems -- 3 Links Between Human Needs and the Demand for Cultural Services -- 4 The Values of Cultural Ecosystem Services -- 4.1 Valuation Dimensions: Ecological, Socio-cultural, and Economic -- Box 1 Schleimünde case study -- 5 The DPSIR Framework as a Management Tool for Decision-makers -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- The Importance of Hyporheic Zone Processes on Ecological Functioning and Solute Transport of Streams and Rivers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Impact of Physical and Biological Clogging on the Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sampling Sites and Methods -- 2.3 Results -- 2.4 Discussion -- 3 Nitrogen Retention and Turnover at the Surface-­Subsurface Interface of Riffle-Pool Sequences -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.3 Model and Model Setup -- 3.4 Results -- 4 Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Removal in River Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Material and Methods -- 4.2.1 Study Site -- 4.2.2 Model and Model Set Up -- 4.3 Results -- 4.4 Discussion -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Marine and Coastal Ecosystems: Delivery of Goods and Services, Through Sustainable Use and Conservation -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Classification and Monetary Assessment of Goods and Services -- 3 Conservation of Ecosystem Goods and Services -- 3.1 Overview of the Protection Measures for Ecosystem Services -- 3.2 Restoration of Marine Ecosystems: Restoring and Creating Goods and Services -- 3.3 Prevention Measures, to Avoid Ecosystem Goods and Services Degradation -- 3.4 Conservation: Payments, Markets and Optimal Levels -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Terrestrial Ecosystem Services in River Basins: An Overview and an Assessment Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 3 Ecosystem Services of Terrestrial Ecosystems - A Classification -- 3.1 Provisioning Services -- 3.2 Regulating Services -- 3.3 Socio-cultural Services -- 4 Assessment of Ecosystem Services: The EPPS Framework -- 5 The Example Semi-natural Grassland and Nature Conservation -- 6 The Example of Farmland and Energy Crops -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Quantifying, Modelling and Mapping Ecosystem Services in Watersheds -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Watershed Management -- 1.2 Quantifying Ecosystem Services in Watersheds -- 1.3 Modelling Water-Related Ecosystem Services -- 1.4 Mapping Ecosystem Services in Watersheds -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Case Study Areas -- 2.2 Watershed Model AGWA -- 2.3 Database -- 2.4 Hydrological Modelling in the Case Study Areas -- 2.5 Capacity Assessment and Mapping of Flood Regulating Ecosystem Service -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Supply of Flood Regulating Ecosystem Services -- 3.2 Demands for Flood Regulating Ecosystem Services -- 3.3 Budgets between Flood Regulation Supply and Demand -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Methodology for Quantifying and Mapping Ecosystem Services Provided by Watersheds -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Importance of a Watershed Perspective -- 1.2 Relationships between Water Flow and ES Delivery. , 2 Distinctions among Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural ES -- 2.1 Capacity - Demand - Flow of Services -- 2.2 Definitions of ES Components -- 2.2.1 Capacity -- 2.2.2 Demand -- 2.2.3 Flow -- 2.2.4 Ecological Pressures -- 2.3 Importance of Distinguishing ES Components When Assessing Sustainability -- 3 Conceptual and Quantitative Models -- 4 Spatial Independence of ES Capacity, Demand, and Flow -- 5 Quantifying ES Components -- 5.1 Capacity -- 5.2 Demand -- 5.3 Flow -- 6 Constraints on Data Availability -- 7 Case Studies of Methods to Evaluate Capacity for Freshwater ES -- 7.1 Riparian Filtration (Surface Water Quality Protection) -- 7.2 Sediment Retention (Surface Water Quality Protection) -- 7.3 Vertical Nitrogen Retention (Ground Water Quality Protection) -- 8 Case Studies of Methods to Evaluate Demand for ES -- 8.1 Freshwater Recreational Fishing -- 8.2 Bird Watching -- 9 Future Needs and Directions -- 9.1 Conclusion -- References -- Assessing the Impact of Land-Use Changes on Providing Hydrological Ecosystem Functions (ESF) and Services (ESS) - A Case-­Study Experience Based Conceptual Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Objectives -- 1.2 Definitions -- 1.3 Challenges for Assessing the Impact of Land-Use Changes on Hydrological ESF and ESS -- 2 Case Studies in ESF and ESS Assessment and Lessons Learnt -- 2.1 Case Study 1 - Land-Use Classification and Its Limits for ESF and ESS Assessment -- 2.1.1 Forest Land-Use Classification -- 2.1.2 Agricultural Land-Use Classification -- 2.1.3 Overall Classification Result -- 2.1.4 Applicability of the Approach for ESF and ESS Assessment -- 2.2 Case Study 2 - Landscape Metrics for Improving ESF and ESS Assessment -- 2.3 Scaling Approach - Using HRU in ESF and ESS Assessment -- 3 Conceptual Framework for ESF and ESS Provision in Catchment Scales -- 4 Discussion - Applicability of the Framework -- 5 Conclusions. , References -- Valuation of Ecosystem Services Regarding the Water Framework Directive on the Example of the Jahna River Catchment in Saxony (Germany) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structures, Processes and Selected Pollutions in the Catchment Area -- 3 Determining of Endangering and Reduction Potentials -- 4 Services and Welfare Effects (Cost-Benefit-Analysis) -- 5 Monetisation and Discussion -- References -- Water-Related Ecosystem Services - The Case Study of Regulating Ecosystem Services in the Kielstau Basin, Germany -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Kielstau Basin and Its Ecosystem Services -- 3 Regulating Ecosystem Services: The Example of Erosion Regulation -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.1.1 SWAT Model and Outputs -- 3.1.2 Valuation and Mapping of Erosion Regulation in the Kielstau Basin -- 3.2 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Aquatic Ecosystem Services and Management in East Africa: The Tanzania Case -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Status and Trends of Aquatic Ecosystem Services in Tanzania -- Box 1: Highlighting Figures of Wetlands Services to Tanzania Economy and Livelihoods (SWMP 2010) -- 3 Local Pressures and Drivers of Aquatic Ecosystem Change -- 3.1 Lake Victoria Basin -- 3.1.1 Demography -- 3.1.2 Excessive Water Withdrawal -- 3.1.3 Climate Change -- 3.1.4 Exotic Species -- 3.2 Great Ruaha River -- 3.2.1 Land Use Change -- 4 Management Options for Lake Victoria Ecosystem -- 4.1 Government Efforts to Restore the Lake Victoria Ecosystem -- 5 Management Options for the GRR -- 5.1 Government Efforts to Restore the GRR Ecosystem -- 5.2 Donors Efforts to Restore the GRR Ecosystem -- 6 Aquatic Ecosystem Protection as a Key Driver to Adoption of IWRM Approaches in Tanzania and Way Forward -- 7 Way Forward -- References -- Coastal Watershed Ecosystem Services Management in West Africa: Case of Ghana and Nigeria -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 Description of the Coastline -- 2 Coastal Watershed Ecosystem Goods and Services in West Africa -- 2.1 Current Status of Key Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services -- 3 Pressures on Key Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services -- 3.1 Coastal Population and Livelihoods -- 3.2 Fisheries, Resource Management and Biodiversity -- 3.3 Coastal Tourism -- 3.4 Fresh Water, Food Security, Pollution and Sanitation -- 4 Impacts of Pressures on Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services -- 4.1 Direct and Indirect Drivers of Change in Coastal Ecosystems and Services -- 4.1.1 Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Erosion -- Box 1: Coastal Erosion Along the Coasts of Ghana -- Box 2: Coastal Erosion Along the Lagos Coast, Nigeria- Amadu Bello Way Along Victoria Beach Prior to Eko Atlantic City Intervention -- 4.1.2 Precipitation and Floods -- 4.2 Analysis of Drivers -- 5 Measures to Reduce or Mitigate Threats/Risks to Ecosystem Goods and Services -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Management of Agriculture to Preserve Environmental Values of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agricultural Pollution and the GBR -- 3 Management of Agricultural Pollution for the GBR -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Reef Plan -- 3.3 Reef Rescue -- 3.4 Great Barrier Reef Protection Amendment Act 2009 -- 3.5 Management Effectiveness -- 3.6 Governance -- 3.7 Monitoring and Reporting -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Ecohydrology: A New Approach to Old Problems for Sustainable Management of Aquatic Ecosystem of Bangladesh for Ecosystem Service Provision -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of Aquatic Ecosystem Resources in Bangladesh -- 3 Values of Aquatic Ecosystem for Ecosystem Services -- 3.1 Flood Control -- 3.2 Groundwater Replenishment -- 3.3 Shoreline Stabilization and Storm Protection -- 3.4 Sediment and Nutrient Retention and Export -- 3.5 Water Purification -- 3.6 Reservoirs of Biodiversity. , 3.7 Wetland Product and Livelihood.