Note: Title Page -- Preface -- Contents -- Arithmetic and Distance-Based Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Imprecisely Valued Data -- Introduction -- Summary of Recent Results on Metrics and Simulations Concerning Imprecisely-valued Data -- Summary of Recent Results on Inferences about Means and Fr´echet's Variances, and on a More Robust Central Tendency Measure for Imprecisely-valued Data -- Summary of Recent Results on Regression Analysis with Imprecisely-valued Data -- Summary of Recent Results on Clustering/Classification of Imprecisely-valued Data -- SAFD (Statistical Analysis of Fuzzy Data) R Package -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Linear Regression Analysis for Interval-valued Data Based on Set Arithmetic: A Review -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Random Intervals -- Simple Interval Linear Models Based on Set Arithmetic -- Simple Basic Linear Model without Constraints: Gil et al. (2002) -- Simple Basic Linear Model with Constraints: Gonz´alez-Rodr´ıguez et al. (2007) -- Simple Flexible Linear Model M: Blanco-Fern´andez et al. (2011) -- Comparative Study -- Real-life Example -- Simulation Studies -- Conclusions -- References -- Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for the Parameters of a Linear Regression Model with Fuzzy Random Variables -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- A Linear Regression Model with LR Fuzzy Variables -- Estimation Problem -- Bootstrap Confidence Intervals -- Empirical Results -- Simulation Studies -- A Real-case Study -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- On the Estimation of the Regression Model M for Interval Data -- Introduction -- The Model M for Random Intervals -- Estimation of the Model M -- Applications: A Comparative Study -- Conclusions -- References -- Hybrid Least-Squares Regression Modelling Using Confidence Bounds -- Introduction -- A Review on Hybrid Fuzzy Linear Least-squares Regression. , Weighted Fuzzy Arithmetic -- Hybrid Multiple Fuzzy Least Squares Regression -- Confidence Interval-based Approach -- Confidence Interval on Coefficients -- Prediction Interval on a Single Predicted Response -- Experimental Studies -- Experiments on Regression Coefficients -- Experiments on Predicted Values -- Conclusions -- References -- Testing the Variability of Interval Data: An Application to Tidal Fluctuation -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- One-sample Tests for the Variance of a Random Interval -- Simulation Studies -- Application to Tidal Fluctuations -- Conclusions -- References -- Comparing the Medians of a Random Interval Defined by Means of Two Different L1 Metrics -- Introduction and Motivation -- The Space of Intervals Kc(R): Preliminaries -- The Median of a Random Interval Defined Through an L1 Metric -- The Comparison between the dH,θ-median and the ρ1-median of a Random Interval -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Comparing the Representativeness of the 1-norm Median for Likert and Free-response Fuzzy Scales -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Empirical Comparative Study between Likert and Fuzzy Numbers Scales: The Mean (Absolute) Error Associated with the Median -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Fuzzy Probability Distributions in Reliability Analysis, Fuzzy HPD-regions, and Fuzzy Predictive Distributions -- Introduction -- Fuzzy Lifetimes -- Bayesian Reliability Analysis -- Likelihood Function for Fuzzy Data -- Bayes' Theorem for Fuzzy A-priori Distribution and Fuzzy Data -- Generalized Fuzzy HPD-regions -- Fuzzy Predictive Densities -- Conclusion -- References -- SAFD - An R Package for Statistical Analysis of Fuzzy Data -- Introduction -- Notation and Preliminaries -- Functionality of the SAFD Package -- Basic Functions -- Sample Generation, Frequency and Histogram -- Further Functions in SAFD -- Future Work. , References -- Statistical Reasoning with Set-Valued Information: Ontic vs. Epistemic Views -- Introduction -- Ontic vs. Epistemic Sets -- Random Sets vs. Ill-known Random Variables -- When the Meaning of the Model Affects Results -- Conditioning Random Sets -- Empirical Variance for Random Interval Data -- Different Interpretations of a Fuzzy Set -- Various Notions of Random Fuzzy Sets -- Epistemic vs. Ontic Interval Data Processing -- Conclusion -- References -- Pricing of Catastrophe Bond in Fuzzy Framework -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Fuzzy and Interval Arithmetic -- Stochastic and Financial Preliminaries -- Catastrophe Bonds -- Catastrophe Bond with Stepwise Payoff Function -- Pricing of Catastrophe Bonds -- General Formula -- The Vasicek Interest Rate Model -- The Merton Interest Rate Model -- Numerical Examples of Fuzzy Approach -- Conclusions -- References -- Convergence of Heuristic-based Estimators of the GARCH Model -- Introduction -- Convergence of Heuristic-based Estimators -- GARCH Extensions -- Asymmetric GARCH -- GARCH(p.q) -- Conclusions -- References -- Lasso-type and Heuristic Strategies in Model Selection and Forecasting -- Introduction -- Model Selection Methods -- Lasso-type Strategies -- Heuristic Optimization Methods -- Monte-Carlo Study -- Application to Leading Business Cycle Indicators in Germany and Russia -- Conclusions -- References -- Streaming-Data Selection for Gaussian-Process Modelling -- Introduction -- Modelling with Gaussian Processes -- Streaming-data Selection -- Experiments and Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Change Detection Based on the Distribution of p-Values -- Introduction -- Multiple Testing -- Meta p-values -- Experimental Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Advanced Analysis of Dynamic Graphs in Social and Neural Networks -- Introduction -- Social Network Analysis. , Butterworth Filtering -- Data Sets -- Applying the Filter to the Data -- Evaluation -- Improvements -- Summary -- Analysis of Functional Connectivity Networks -- Functional Connectivity -- Brain Graphs -- Experiments -- Correlation Analysis -- Summary -- Conclusions -- References -- Fuzzy Hyperinference-Based Pattern Recognition -- Introduction -- Fuzzy Rule-based Hyperinference for Pattern Recognition -- Pattern Recognition based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) Reasoning Procedure -- Linear and Piece-wise Linear Programming Problems for T-S Procedure Rule Weights -- Application of Hyperinference-based Pattern Recognition Procedures for Classification of Human Posture -- Visualization of Human Posture Stability -- Protocol of Physical Experiments -- Hyperinference-based Pattern Recognition Problem Formulation for Classification of Histograms of Human Posture -- Results of A, B, C Experiments -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Dynamic Data-Driven Fuzzy Modeling of Software Reliability Growth -- Introduction -- Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Rule Base of Software Reliability Growth -- TS Model Description of Software Reliability Growth -- Multi-stage Model Description of Software Reliability Growth -- Model Identification -- Structure Identification -- Parameter Estimation -- Real Time Model Identification -- Benchmark Model Development -- Conclusion -- References -- Dynamic Texture Recognition Based on Compression Artifacts -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Dynamic Texture Classification -- Video Quality Assessment -- Classification -- Proposed Approach -- Extracting Features -- Basic Features for Video Classification -- Experiments and Results -- Data Set -- Classification -- Conclusion -- References -- The Hubness Phenomenon: Fact or Artifact? -- Introduction -- Measuring Hubness -- Data Generation -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References. , Proximity-Based Reference Resolution to Improve Text Retrieval -- Introduction -- Beyond Observed Term Frequency -- Proximity-based Coreference Resolution -- Query Type Identification -- Anaphoric Frequency of Query Terms -- Experiments -- Experimental Setup -- Evaluation of Query Type Identification -- Retrieval Performance on the Test Queries -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Derivation of Linguistic Summaries is Inherently Difficult: Can Association Rule Mining Help? -- Introduction -- Linguistic Summaries via Fuzzy Logic with Linguistic Quantifiers -- A Natural Relation between Linguistic Summaries and Fuzzy Querying - A Protoform based Analysis -- Linguistic Summaries and Association Rules: An Intrinsic Relationship -- Mining Fuzzy Association Rules by using a Fuzzy Querying Interface -- Remarks on an Implementation -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Mining Local Connectivity Patterns in fMRI Data -- Introduction -- Notions of Activity -- Local Connectivity Measures -- Data and Preprocessing -- Results for Test Data -- Results for Real Data -- Discussion, Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Fuzzy Clustering based on Coverings -- Introduction -- Coverings for Non-transitive Crisp Relations -- Coverings for Fuzzy Clustering -- Gradual Coverings -- Fuzzy Clustering -- Relation to the Study by Bezdek and Harris -- Transitivity -- Convex Decompositions -- Complexity -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Decision and Regression Trees in the Context of Attributes with Different Granularity Levels -- Introduction -- Brute Force vs. an Integrated Approach to Granularity Level Selection -- Background on MDL, Regression Trees and Granularity Levels -- The Minimum Description Length Principle (MDL) -- Regression and Decision Trees -- The Meaning of Data Granularity. , Constructing Regression Trees in the Context of Attributes with Different Levels of Granularity.