Note: Front Cover -- Modulation by Molecular Interactions -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I: Cell Biology -- Chapter 1. The LDL Receptor and HMG-CoA Reductase - Two Membrane Molecules That Regulate Cholesterol Homeostasis -- I. Mechanisms for Regulating Cholesterol Homeostasis -- II. The LDL Receptor -- III. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis as a General Phenomenon in Animal Cells -- IV. Genetic Defects in the LDL Receptor -- V. HMG-CoA Reductase -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. The Cellular Entry of EGF and Transferrin: A Problem in Intracellular Sorting -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Receptor-Mediated Transport of Acid Hydrolases to Lysosomes -- I. Introduction -- II. Acid Hydrolases as Ligands for Receptor- Mediated Endocytosis -- III. Role of Acidification in Enzyme Pinocytosis -- IV. Biosynthesis of the Recognition Marker -- V. Properties and Intracellular Role of the Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor -- VI. Mutations that Alter Enzyme Transport -- VII. Other Pathways for Lysosomal Enzyme Transport -- VIII. Summary and Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Sphingolipid Hydrolyzing Enzymes -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Alterations in Sphingolipid Storage Disorders -- III. Therapy of Sphingolipid Storage Disorders -- IV. Prospects -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Structure, Function, and Roles in Normal and Transformed Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Origins and Characterization of PDGF -- III. Mitogenic Responses to PDGF Are Mediated through Binding to the PDGF Receptor/Protein Tyrosine Kinase -- IV. Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Virus Transformed Cells -- V. Chemotactic Activity: A Possible Normal Role of PDGF in Wound Healing. , VI. Structural/Functional Homology of PDGF and the Putative Transforming Protein of the Simian Sarcoma Virus -- VII. Future Directions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Insulin, Hydrocortisone, and Cyclic AMP -- I. Introduction -- II. Results -- III. Summary and Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Scrapie Prions, Brain Amyloid, and Senile Dementia -- I. Prion Diseases -- II. Purification of Prions -- III. Prion Rods -- IV. Amyloid Plaques -- V. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Prions -- VI. Kuru and Gerstmann - Sträussler Syndrome -- VII. Alzheimer's Disease -- VIII. Similarities between Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Alzheimer's Disease -- IX. Genetics and Down's Syndrome -- X. Pathologic Features of Alzheimer's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and Scrapie -- XI. Alzheimer's Disease Is Not Transmissible to Animals -- XII. Amyloid and Prion Proteins -- XIII. Prions Evade the Immune System -- XIV. Do Prion-Related Molecules Cause Alzheimer's Disease? -- XV. Other Possible Prion Diseases -- XVI. How Do Prions Replicate? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Coupled Ionic and Enzymatic Regulation of Sperm Behavior -- I. Introduction -- II. Activation of Sperm Respiration and Motility -- III. Induction of the Acrosome Reaction -- IV. Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Regulation of Cell Interactions during Skeletal Muscle Development -- I. Embryonic Muscle Cells in Culture -- II. Earlier Studies of Adhesion and Fusion in Attached Myogenic Cultures -- III. Fibronectin Mediates Myocyte Attachment -- IV. Adhesion and Fusion in Suspension -- V. Adhesive Mechanisms of Myogenic Cells -- VI. Summary and Outlook -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 10. Regulation of the Immune Response in Man by a Cascade of Interactive T Lymphocytes -- I. Introduction -- II. T - T Interactions in the Development of Antigen-Specific Suppressor T Cells -- III. Cell Surface Structures on Suppressor Inducer Cells Involved in the Activation of Suppressor T Cells -- IV. Discussion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. From Membrane to Molecule with the lac Permease of Escherichia coli -- I. Background -- II. Morphology and Permeability of Proteoliposomes Reconstituted with lac Permease -- III. A Single Polypeptide Is Required for Lactose Transport -- IV. Reconstitution of Active Transport in Proteoliposomes Containing lac Permease and Cytochrome o Oxidase -- V. Secondary Structure of lac Permease -- VI. Immunological Reagents as Structure/Function Probes for lac Permease -- VII. Subunit Structure -- VIII. Oligonucleotide-Directed, Site-Specific Mutagenesis -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Glutamine Synthetase from Pseudomonas fluorescens: A Tool for Studying Changes in Cell Permeability and Enzyme Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Results -- III. Concluding Remarks -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Modulation of Polar Lipid Composition by Aliphatic Chain Unsaturation in Bacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. Modulation of Bacterial Polar Lipid Composition Resulting from Manipulation of Their Aliphatic Chains -- III. Membrane Fluidity and Bilayer Stability -- IV. Phase-Driven Regulation of Lipid Modification -- V. Conclusion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Part II: Protein Interactions -- Chapter 14. On Conformational Changes in the Regulatory Enzyme Aspartate Transcarbamoylase -- I. Introduction -- II. Gross Conformational Changes in ATCase: A Kinetic Active Site Titration of the Allosteric Transition -- III. Local Conformational Change in Catalytic Subunit: Kinetics of the Interaction with PALA. , IV. Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Active-Site Ligand Binding and Subunit Interactions in Glutamine Synthetase from Escherichio coli -- I. Perspective -- II. Background -- III. Active-Site Ligand Stabilization of Subunit Interactions -- IV. Measurements of Distances between Active Sites in GS -- V. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Biophysical Studies of Escherichia coli Glutamine Synthetase -- I. Introduction -- II. EPR Studies of Mn(ll) Bound to Glutamine Synthetase -- III. Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. The Regulation of Actin and Myosin by ATP -- I. Introduction -- II. Acanthamoeba Myosin -- III. Actin -- IV. Concluding Comments -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Change in NAD+/NADH Content of S-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine Hydrolase upon NAD+ Reversible Inactivation by cAMP and 2'-Deoxyadenosine -- I. Introduction -- II. Results and Discussions -- III. Concluding Remarks -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Effectors of Rat Lung cGMP Binding Protein- Phosphodiesterase -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Procedures -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Thermostabilization of Bacillus caldolyticus Glutamine Synthetase by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental -- III. Results -- IV. Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. The Role of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate in Phosphorylase Catalysis -- I. A Statement of the Problem -- II. Recent Results -- III. Structural Considerations -- IV. A Plausible Mechanism -- V. Why Pyridoxal Phosphate? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Bioregulation of Binding and Dynamics: The Cytochrome P-450CAM Model -- I. Introduction -- II. The Substrate Sites -- III. Probes of the Heme Thiolate Center -- IV. Multiple Proteins: Sequence and Folding. , V. Summary Remarks -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23. Fatty Acid Synthase: Elementary Steps in Catalysis and Regulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Kinetic Studies -- III. Stereochemistry of Fatty Acid Synthesis -- IV. Characterization of Reaction Intermediates -- V. Conclusion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Multienzyme Complexes of Mammalian Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- I. Introduction -- II. Characterization of the High-Molecular-Weight Synthetases as Multienzyme Complexes -- III. Structural Organization and Cellular Localization -- IV. Multiple Forms of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases -- V. Functional Significance of Multienzyme Complexes -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Dictyostelium discoideum -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III: Metabolic Pathways -- Chapter 26. Pathway of 5-Aminovalerate Degradation by Clostridium aminovalericum -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27. Inorganic Pyrophosphate and Polyphosphates as Sources of Energy -- I. Role of PPi in Metabolism -- II. Polyphosphates in Metabolism of the Propionic Acid Bacteria -- III. Concluding Comments -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 28. The Role of Pyridine Nucleotides in Regulating Cellular Metabolism -- The Role of Pyridine Nucleotides in Regulating Cellular Metabolism -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. The Fall and Rise of Cellular Glutathione Levels: Enzyme-Based Approaches -- I. Introduction -- II. Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. The Effects of Protein or Amino Acid Intake on the Nitrogen Balance and Antitumor Activity of Glutaminase Treatment -- I. Introduction -- II. Mouse Experiments -- III. Human Studies (14) -- IV. Discussion -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. On the Regulation of Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis -- I. Metabolic Pathways. , II. Control Mechanisms.