Note: Front Cover -- Cellular Mechanisms for Calcium Transfer and Homeostasis -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Credits -- Ackowledgments -- Frankli Chambers McLEAN and the State Calcium in Body Fluids -- Cellular Mechanisms for Calcium Transfer and Homeostasis -- PART I: THE STATE OF CALCIUM IN BODY FLUIDS -- Chapter 1. The Structure, Properties, and Formation of Calcium Phosphates in Hard Tissue -- Introduction -- Hydroxyapatite Structure -- Carbonate Apatites -- Bone Apatite -- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate in Bone Mineral -- Tissue Mineralization -- Conclusions -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 2. Differentiation Processes in Calcified Tissues -- Introduction -- Development as a General Process -- Development in Bone and Dental Tissues -- Conclusion -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 3. The Binding of Calcium with Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids -- General Procedure -- Nucleic Acids -- Phospholipids -- Conclusions and Summary -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 4. Chemical Structure of Bone Sialoprotein and a Preliminary Study of Its Calcium-Binding Properties -- Isolation of Bone Sialoprotein -- Composition of BSP -- Physical Properties of BSP -- Binding of Radioelements to BSP -- Calcium Binding and Inhibition of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation -- Conclusion -- References -- Discussion -- PART II: ROLE OF CALCIUM IN MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND INTEGRITY -- Chapter 5. The Biionic Action Potential and IndispensabiUty of Divalent Cations in the External Medium for Nerve Excitation -- Introduction -- Intracellular Perfusion of the Squid Giant Axon -- Effects of Calcium Ions inside the Axon -- The Biionic Action Potential -- Ionic Mechanism of Nerve Excitation -- Change in the Hydrophobicity of the Membrane Macromolecules during Nerve Excitation -- Conclusions -- References -- Discussion. , Chapter 6. The Calcium Homeostatic System as a Physiological Regulator of Cell Proliferation in Mammalian Tissues -- Introduction -- Basic Phenomena -- Mechanism -- Physiological Significance -- Summary -- References -- Discussion -- PART III: CALCIUM TRANSFER ACROSS CELL AND SUBCELLULAR MEMBRANES -- Chapter 7. A Calcium Pump in Red Cell Membranes -- Text -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 8. Calcium Transport in Kidney Cells and Its Regulation -- Calcium Pools -- Calcium Fluxes -- A Model for Cellular Calcium Metabolism -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 9. Recent Observations on the Mechanism of Ca2+ Transport by Fragmented Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes -- Introduction -- Role of Phospholipids in ATPase Activity and Calcium Transport -- Protein Composition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes -- Isolation of a Phosphopeptide from Microsomal Membranes Labeled with AT32P or Acetyl-32P -- References -- Discussion -- PART IV: CELL MECHANISMS IN MINERALIZED TISSUES -- Chapter 10. The Concept of a Bone Membrane: Some Implications -- Text -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 11. Bone Cells, Calcification, and Calcium Homeostasis -- Text -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 12. The Role of Mitochondria in Intracellular Calcium Regulation -- Experimental Protocol -- Method -- Results -- Summary -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 13. Bone Formation and Resorption by Osteocytes -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Discussion -- PART V: CALCIUM TRANSFER ACROSS EPITHELIAL TISSUES -- Chapter 14. Intestinal Calcium Absorption, Vitamin D, Adaptation, and the Calcium-Binding Protein -- A Dual Effect of Vitamin D -- Adaptation -- Synthesis of CaBP in Organ Culture -- Concluding Remarks -- Summary -- References -- Discussion. , Chapter 15. Vagaries in the Use of Isolated Intestinal Mucosal Cell Preparations with Particular Emphasis on Calcium Uptake -- Introduction† -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 16. Active Transport of Calcium across Placenta and Mammary Gland Measured in Vivo -- Introduction -- Placental Calcium Transport -- Mammary Calcium Transport -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 17. Calcium Transfer across the Avian Shell Gland -- Introduction -- Anatomical Considerations -- Autoradiographic Localization of Calcium -- Calcium Transport Studies -- Mitochondria and Metal Ion Translocation -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 18. Active Transcellular Transport of Calcium by Embryonic Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Electron Probe Investigations -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Calcium Transport -- Sulfhydryl Groups and Calcium Transport -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Discussion -- PART VI: SITES AND MODES OF ACTION OF HUMORAL FACTORS -- Chapter 19. Chemistry of Parathyroid Hormone -- Isolation -- Sequence Analysis -- Synthesis: Properties of the Synthetic Peptide -- Conclusion -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 20. Physiological Importance of Thyrocalcitonin -- Text -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 21. Metabolism and Mechanism of Action of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol -- Physiological Actions of Vitamin D -- Metabolism of Vitamin D -- Metabolism of 25-HCC -- Mechanism of Action of Vitamin D -- References -- Discussion -- Chapter 22. Induction of Bone Resorption in Tissue Culture: Interaction of Humoral Agents and Ions -- Induction Model -- Role of RNA Synthesis -- Role of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate (cAMP) -- Synergism between PTH and 25-HCC -- Effect of Thyrocalcitonin -- Effect of Calcium on Induction -- Conclusion -- References -- Discussion. , PART VII: ABSTRACTS OF SUBMITTED PAPERS -- Chapter 23. Calcification -- Time Study of in Vivo Incorporation of 32P-Orthophosphate into Phospholipids of Chicken Epiphyseal Tissues -- Metabolic Activity at the Cement Line of Bone -- Calcification of the Cartilage Formed on Avian Bones -- Evidences of a Direct Effect of Vitamin D3 or 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol upon Human Adult Bone Mineralization -- Role of Protein-Polysaccharide Aggregates as a Biological Inhibitor of Mineral Growth -- Calcification of Cartilage by Means of Mineralized Spherules -- Decalcified Bone Implants under Hormonal Influence -- Mechanism of Calcification -- Biological Role of Heterologous Antibodies against Cartilage Protein Polysaccharide Complex Light Fraction (PP-L) -- Isolation of Membrane-Bounded Extracellular Particles Associated with Calcification in Cartilage Matrix -- Electron Microscope Measurements of Alkaline Earth Transport -- Calcium Transport and Calcification Studies by Microperfusion -- Chapter 24. Calcitonin: Calcium Ion Activity and Pharmacological Action: Tooth Formation -- 47Ca Turnover of a Readily Exchangeable Calcium Pool in Pregnant and Lactating Cows -- Metabolic Clearance Rate of Radioiodinated Human Calcitonin in Man -- Extraosseous Actions of Calcitonin -- Crystal-Matrix Relationship in Amelogenesis -- Different Isozymes of Acid Phosphatase in Bone and Developing Teeth -- Provisional Calcification of Cartilage in Tissue Culture -- Bone Cell Response to Serum Calcium-Altering Drugs -- Calcium Ion Activity in Plasma: Effects of Metabolic and Respiratory -- A Calcium Concentration Dependent Hypocalcemic Effect of Calcitonin -- Natriuric Effect of Calcitonin in Man -- Remissions in Paget's Disease Produced by Human Synthetic Calcitonin (Calcitonin M). , Relationship between Alkaline Phosphatase, Inorganic Pyrophosphatase, and L-Ascorbic Acid in Calcifying Hamster Molars -- Chapter 25. Diphosphonates -- Bone Resorption -- Osteoporosis -- Mechanical Effects on Cell Mechanisms in Bone -- Canalicular and Interstitial Changes in Osteocytic Osteolysis -- Effect of Calcium Deficiency on Healing of Experimental Fractures in the Avian Tarsus as Determined by the Fracture Repair Ratio -- Effect of Phosphonates on Bone Tissue: Studies in Man and Animals -- Sites and Modes of an Estrogen-Gestagen Combination on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Senile Osteoporosis -- Resorption of Bone Collagen by Multinucleated Giant Cells -- Effect of Disodium Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate on Bone Formation in Animals -- Effectiveness of Diphosphonates in Preventing Osteoporosis of Disuse in the Rat -- Osteoporosis and Parathyroid Glands: The Effect of Prolonged Calcium Deficiency on Thyroparathyroidectomized Adult Rats -- Role of a Lipoprotein in the Intracellular Hydroxyapatite Formation in Bacterionema Matruchotii -- Hormonal Effects on Calcium Transport in Liver -- Chapter 26. Intestinal Absorption of Calcium and Bone Metabolism -- Osteocyte as a Bone Pump -- 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC): Effects in Deficiency Rickets and Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets -- Induction of Calcium-Binding Protein (CaBP) Biosynthesis by Vitamin D3 and 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) -- Effect of Cortisol on Calcium-Binding Protein in Rat Duodenum -- A Study of Nephron Permeability to Calcium by Microinjection Technique -- A Study of Calcium-Binding Proteins in Human Animal Small Bowel Mucosa -- A Method for Studying the Configuration, Dimensions, and Distribution Remodeling Centers on the Endosteal, Cortical, and Trabecular Surfaces -- Transport of Iodoantipyrine-125I (I-Ap) In Cortical Bone. , Ca2+ Sensitive ATPase In Duodenal Mucosa: Localization in Basal Membranes.