Description: Purpose To investigate the feasibility of blood pressure difference measurement, ΔP, across the coronary artery using phase contrast (PC)-MRI for potential noninvasive assessment of the functional significance of coronary artery stenosis. Methods Three-directional velocities in the coronary arteries acquired using 2D-PC-MRI were used with the Navier-Stokes equations to derive ΔP. Repeat phantom studies were performed to assess the reproducibility of flow velocity and ΔP. ΔP derived using PC-MRI (ΔP MR ) and that obtained using pressure transducer (ΔP PT ) were compared. Reproducibility of coronary flow velocity was assessed in healthy controls (n = 11). Patients with suspected coronary artery disease (n = 6) were studied to evaluate the feasibility of ΔP MR measurement across a coronary stenosis. Results Phantom : Good overall reproducibility of flow velocity and ΔP measurements and excellent correlation (ΔP MR vs ΔP PT ) was observed: intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.95(V z ), 0.72(V x ), 0.73(V y ), and 0.87(ΔP MR ) and R 2  = 0.94, respectively. Human : Good reproducibility of coronary flow velocity was observed: ICC of 0.94/0.95(V z ), 0.76/0.74(V x ), and 0.80/0.77(V y ) at cardiac phase 1/2. Significant ( p  = 0.025) increase in ΔP MR was observed in patients (6.40 ± 4.43 mmHg) versus controls (0.70 ± 0.57 mmHg). Conclusion ΔP MR in the coronary arteries is feasible. Upon further validation using the invasive measure, ΔP MR has the potential for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery stenosis. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.