Publication Date:
2022-05-25
Description:
© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 102 (2015): 43-54, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.004.
Description:
Over the past few decades, sea ice retreat during summer has been enhanced in the Pacific sector of the Arctic basin, likely due in part to increasing summertime heat flux of Pacific-origin water from the Bering Strait. Barrow Canyon, in the northeast Chukchi Sea, is a major conduit through which the Pacific-origin water enters the Arctic basin. This paper presents results from 6 repeat high-resolution shipboard hydrographic/velocity sections occupied across Barrow Canyon in summer 2010. The different Pacific water masses feeding the canyon – Alaskan coastal water (ACW), summer Bering Sea water (BSW), and Pacific winter water (PWW) – all displayed significant intra-seasonal variability. Net volume transports through the canyon were between 0.96 and 1.70 Sv poleward, consisting of 0.41–0.98 Sv of warm Pacific water (ACW and BSW) and 0.28–0.65 Sv of PWW. The poleward heat flux also varied strongly, ranging from 8.56 TW to 24.56 TW, mainly due to the change in temperature of the warm Pacific water. Using supplemental mooring data from the core of the warm water, along with wind data from the Pt. Barrow weather station, we derive and assess a proxy for estimating heat flux in the canyon for the summer time period, which is when most of the heat passes northward towards the basin. The average heat flux for 2010 was estimated to be 3.34 TW, which is as large as the previous record maximum in 2007. This amount of heat could melt 315,000 km2 of 1-meter thick ice, which likely contributed to significant summer sea ice retreat in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean.
Description:
MI, TK, YF, KO and DS were supported by Green Network of Excellence Program (GRENE Program), Arctic Climate Change Research Project ‘Rapid Change of the Arctic Climate System and its Global Influences’ by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan. RP was supported by grant ARC-1203906 from the US National Science Foundation. CA was supported by grant ARC-1023331 from the US National Science Foundation and by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (NOAA Cooperative AgreementNA09OAR4320129) with funds provided by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through an Interagency Agreement between the US Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. SV was supported by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. MI and TK were supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. MI, TK, YF and KO were supported by Grant no. 2014-23 from Joint Research Program of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University. YF and KO were supported by grants-in-aid 20221001 for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. JTM was supported by grant PLR-1041102 from the US National Science Foundation.
Keywords:
Polar oceanography
;
Arctic Ocean
;
Chukchi Sea
;
Heat fluxes
;
Volume transports
;
Water properties
Repository Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Type:
Article
Format:
application/pdf
