In:
Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2016-03), p. 155-163
Abstract:
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 ( MMP 9) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( sICAM ‐1) are both involved in the restructuring of connective tissues. Evidence also implicates MMP 9 and sICAM in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases, where blood levels may be a marker of disease severity or prognosis. In individuals with bipolar disorder ( BD ), higher risk for cardiovascular illness has been extensively reported. Methods The aim of this investigation was to measure and compare peripheral levels of serum MMP 9 and sICAM in adults with euthymic BD and healthy controls ( HC ). Furthermore, we focussed on correlations with illness severity and metabolic parameters. Results MMP 9 levels among the BD sample (n = 112) were significantly higher than among the HC (n = 80) ( MMP 9: F = 9.885, p = 0.002, η 2 = 0.058) after controlling for confounding factors. Patients with BD in a later, progressive stage of disease showed significantly higher MMP 9 as well as sICAM ‐1 levels compared to patients with BD in an earlier stage of disease ( MMP 9: F = 5.8, p = 0.018, η 2 = 0.054; sICAM ‐1: F = 5.6, p = 0.020, η 2 = 0.052). Correlation analyses of cognitive measures revealed a negative association between performance on the d2 Test of Attention and MMP 9 ( r = −0.287, p = 0.018) in the BD sample. Despite the sample being euthymic (i.e., according to conventional criteria) at the time of analysis, we found significant correlations between MMP 9 as well as sICAM ‐1 and subthreshold depressive/hypomanic symptoms. Conclusions A collection of disparate findings herein point to a role of MMP 9 and cICAM ‐1 in the patho‐progressive process of BD : the increased levels of serum MMP 9 and sICAM ‐1, the correlation between higher levels of these parameters, progressive stage, and cognitive dysfunction in BD , and the positive correlation with subthreshold symptoms. As sICAM ‐1 and MMP 9 are reliable biomarkers of inflammatory and early atherosclerotic disease, these markers may provide indications of the presence of occult cardiovascular disease in this highly at‐risk population.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1398-5647
,
1399-5618
DOI:
10.1111/bdi.2016.18.issue-2
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2016
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2001157-X