In:
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2023-02-08), p. e439-e449
Abstract:
Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection (“hybrid immunity”) may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity. Methods We studied 2660 US Military Health System beneficiaries with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-alone (n = 705), vaccination-alone (n = 932), vaccine-after-infection (n = 869), and vaccine-breakthrough-infection (n = 154). Peak anti-spike–immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses through 183 days were compared, with adjustment for vaccine product, demography, and comorbidities. We excluded those with evidence of clinical or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 reinfection from all groups. Results Multivariable regression results indicated that vaccine-after-infection anti-spike–IgG responses were higher than infection-alone (P & lt; .01), regardless of prior infection severity. An increased time between infection and vaccination was associated with greater post-vaccination IgG response (P & lt; .01). Vaccination-alone elicited a greater IgG response but more rapid waning of IgG (P & lt; .01) compared with infection-alone (P & lt; .01). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine-receipt was associated with greater IgG responses compared with JNJ-78436735 vaccine-receipt (P & lt; .01), regardless of infection history. Those with vaccine-after-infection or vaccine-breakthrough-infection had a more durable anti-spike–IgG response compared to infection-alone (P & lt; .01). Conclusions Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike–IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared with vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1058-4838
,
1537-6591
Language:
English
Publisher:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2002229-3
