In:
Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1111-1124
Abstract:
The pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a key player in the onset of skeletal muscle fibrosis, which hampers tissue repair. However, the molecular mechanisms implicated in TGFβ1-dependent transdifferentiation of myoblasts into myofibroblasts are presently unknown. Here, we show that TGFβ1 up-regulates sphingosine kinase (SK)-1 in C2C12 myoblasts in a Smad-dependent manner, and concomitantly modifies the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PRs). Notably, pharmacological or short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of SK1 prevented the induction of fibrotic markers by TGFβ1. Moreover, inhibition of S1P 3 , which became the highest expressed S1PR after TGFβ1 challenge, strongly attenuated the profibrotic response to TGFβ1. Furthermore, downstream of S1P 3 , Rho/Rho kinase signaling was found critically implicated in the profibrotic action of TGFβ1. Importantly, we demonstrate that SK/S1P axis, known to play a key role in myogenesis via S1P 2 , consequently to TGFβ1-dependent S1PR pattern remodeling, becomes responsible for transmitting a profibrotic, antidifferentiating action. This study provides new compelling information on the mechanism by which TGFβ1 gives rise to fibrosis in skeletal muscle, opening new perspectives for its pharmacological treatment. Moreover, it highlights the pleiotropic role of SK/S1P axis in skeletal myoblasts that, depending on the expressed S1PR pattern, seems capable of eliciting multiple, even contrasting biological responses.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1059-1524
,
1939-4586
DOI:
10.1091/mbc.e09-09-0812
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
Publication Date:
2010
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1098979-1
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1474922-1
SSG:
12
