In:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, IOP Publishing, Vol. 134, No. 1031 ( 2022-01-01), p. 015004-
Abstract:
WINERED is a novel near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution spectrograph (HRS) that pursues the highest possible sensitivity to realize high-precision spectroscopy in the NIR as in the optical wavelength range. WINERED covers 0.9–1.35 μ m ( z , Y , and J -bands) with three modes (Wide mode and two Hires modes) at the maximum spectral resolutions of R = 28,000 and R = 70,000. For fulfilling the objective, WINERED is designed with an unprecedentedly high instrument throughput (up to 50% at maximum including the quantum efficiency of the array) that is three times or more than other existing optical/NIR HRSs. This is mainly realized by a combination of non-white pupil and no fiber-fed configuration in optical design, the moderate (optimized) wavelength coverage, and the high-throughput gratings. Another prominent feature of WINERED is “warm” instrument despite for infrared (IR) observations. Such non-cryogenic (no cold stop) IR instrument finally became possible with the combination of custom-made thermal-cut filter of 10 −8 class, 1.7 μ m cutoff HAWAII-2RG array, and a cold baffle reducing the direct thermal radiation to the IR array into the solid angle of f /2. The thermal background is suppressed below 0.1 photons pixel −1 s −1 even in the wide band of 0.9–1.35 μ m under the environment of 290 K. WINERED had been installed to the 3.58 m New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory, ESO, since 2017. Even with the intermediate size telescope, WINERED was confirmed to provide a limiting magnitude (for SNR = 30 with 8 hr. integration time) of J = 16.4 mag for the Wide mode and J = 15.1 mag for the Hires mode, respectively, under the natural seeing conditions. These sensitivities are comparable to those for the existing NIR-HRSs attached to the 8–10 m class telescopes with AO. WINERED type spectrographs may become a critical not only for the currently on-going extremely large telescopes to reduce the developing cost and time but also for smaller telescopes to extend their lives with long programs.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0004-6280
,
1538-3873
DOI:
10.1088/1538-3873/ac1c5f
Language:
Unknown
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2003100-2
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2207655-4
SSG:
16,12
