In:
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2023-10-06)
Abstract:
Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (T FH ) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of T FH cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated vaccine elicited both spike-specific CXCR3 + T FH cell and CXCR3 − T FH cell responses, which showed distinct response patterns. Spike-specific CXCR3 + T FH cells exhibit a dominant and more durable response than CXCR3 − T FH cells that positively correlated with antibody responses. A third booster dose preferentially expands the spike-specific CXCR3 + T FH cell subset induced by two doses of inactivated vaccine, contributing to antibody maturation and potency. Functionally, spike-specific CXCR3 + T FH cells have a greater ability to induce spike-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) differentiation compared to spike-specific CXCR3 − T FH cells. In conclusion, the persistent and functional role of spike-specific CXCR3 + T FH cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination may play an important role in antibody maintenance and recall response, thereby conferring long-term protection. The findings from this study will inform the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines aiming to induce long-term protective immune memory.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2059-3635
DOI:
10.1038/s41392-023-01650-x
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2886872-9
