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  • Articles  (315)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Numerical modelling of landscape and sediment flux response to precipitation rate change John J. Armitage, Alexander C. Whittaker, Mustapha Zakari, and Benjamin Campforts Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 77-99, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-77-2018, 2018 We explore how two landscape evolution models respond to a change in climate. The two models are developed from a divergent assumption on the efficiency of sediment transport. Despite the different resulting mathematics, both numerical models display a similar functional response to a change in precipitation. However, if we model sediment transport rather than assume it is instantaneously removed, the model responds more rapidly, with a response time similar to that observed in nature.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: A hydroclimatological approach to predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab Ronda Strauch, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Christina Bandaragoda, Nicole M. Gasparini, and Gregory E. Tucker Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 49-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-49-2018, 2018 We develop a model of annual probability of shallow landslide initiation triggered by soil water from a hydrologic model. Our physically based model accommodates data uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach. We found elevation-dependent patterns in probability related to the stabilizing effect of forests and soil and slope limitation at high elevations. We demonstrate our model in Washington, USA, but it is designed to run elsewhere with available data for risk planning using the Landlab.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Tectonic controls of Holocene erosion in a glaciated orogen Byron A. Adams and Todd A. Ehlers Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-9,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) Recent work has highlighted a strong, worldwide, glacial impact of orogen erosion rates over the last 2 Ma. While it may be assumed that glaciers increased erosion rates when active, the degree to which past glaciations influence Holocene erosion rates through the adjustment of topography is not known. In this study, we investigate the influence of long-term tectonic and post-glacial topographic controls on erosion in a glaciated orogen, the Olympic Mountains, USA. We present 14 new 10 Be and 26 Al analyses which constrain Holocene erosion rates across the Olympic Mountains. Basin-averaged erosion rates scale with basin-averaged values of 5-km local relief, channel steepness, and hillslope angle throughout the range, similar to observations from non-glaciated orogens. These erosion rates are not related to mean annual precipitation or the marked change in Pleistocene alpine glacier size across the range, implying that glacier modification of topography and modern precipitation parameters do not exert strong controls on these rates. Rather, we find that despite intense spatial variations in glacial modification of topography, patterns of recent erosion are similar to those from estimates of long-term tectonic rock uplift. This is consistent with a tectonic model where erosion and rock uplift patterns are controlled by the deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Alluvial cover controlling the width, slope and sinuosity of bedrock channels Jens Martin Turowski Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 29-48, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-29-2018, 2018 Bedrock channels are a key component of mountainous landscapes. Here, a new model of the steady-state morphology, including channel width, slope and sinuosity, is derived from process physics considerations. The model compares favourably to observed scaling relations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: A lattice grain model of hillslope evolution Gregory E. Tucker, Scott W. McCoy, and Daniel E. J. Hobley Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-4,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) This article presents a new technique for computer simulation of slope forms. The method provides a way to study how events that disturb soil or turn rock into soil add up over time to produce landforms. The model represents a cross section of a hypothetical landform is represented as a lattice of cells, each of which may represent air, soil, or rock. Despite its simplicity, the model does a good job of simulating a range of common of natural slope forms.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Scales of collective entrainment and intermittent transport in collision-driven bed load Dylan B. Lee and Doug Jerolmack Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-8,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 3 comments) The transport of pebbles in a river is smooth and continuous under high flow conditions, but under typical flows becomes erratic and unpredictable. We perform experiments to learn more about the origins of this unpredictable, intermittent behavior. Our results show that this unpredictability is similar to how infrequent avalanches occur in a sandpile. Transport events are similar in size but become more infrequent and erratic as the river transports less and less sediment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: How concave are river channels? Simon M. Mudd, Fiona J. Clubb, Boris Gailleton, and Martin D. Hurst Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-7,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 1 comment) Rivers can reveal information about erosion rates, tectonics, and climate. In order to make meaningful inferences about these influences one must be able to compare headwaters to downstream parts of the river network. We describe new methods for normalizing river steepness for drainage area to better understand how rivers record erosion rates in eroding landscapes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions Pippa L. Whitehouse Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-6,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 2 comments) This article is a contribution to a special issue on “Two centuries of modelling across scales”. It describes the historical observations, evolving hypotheses, and early calculations that led to the development of the field known as Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) modelling, which seeks to understand feedbacks between ice-sheet change, sea-level change, and solid Earth deformation. Recent advances are discussed. Future research in the field is likely to involve an interdisciplinary approach.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Statistical modeling of the long-range dependent structure of barrier island framework geology and surface geomorphology Bradley A. Weymer, Phillipe Wernette, Mark E. Everett, and Chris Houser Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2018-5,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: open, 0 comments) This research presents a new method for quantifying the geologic controls on modern barrier island evolution. We used statistical time series analysis to evaluate the scale-dependent vs. scale-independent behavior of a barrier island in south Texas, USA. By integrating subsurface geophysical with surface geomorphological measurements we show that the island exhibits both free, and forced evolutionary behavior that has important implications for how the island may respond to rising sea levels.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Tracking the 26 Al/ 10 Be source-area signal in sediment-routing systems of arid central Australia Martin Struck, John D. Jansen, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Alexandru T. Codilean, David Fink, Réka-Hajnalka Fülöp, Klaus M. Wilcken, David M. Price, Steven Kotevski, L. Keith Fifield, and John Chappell Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2017-76,2018 Manuscript under review for ESurf (discussion: final response, 3 comments) Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides 10 Be and 26 Al in sediment along central Australian streams show that lithologically-controlled magnitudes of source-area erosion rates (0.2–11 m/m.y.) are preserved downstream despite sediment mixing. Conversely, downstream-increasing sediment burial signals (〉 400 k.y.) indicate sediment incorporation from adjacent, long-exposed storages, which, combined with low sediment supply and discontinuous flux, likely favours source-area 10 Be- 26 Al signal masking.
    Electronic ISSN: 2196-6338
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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