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  • Articles  (485)
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  • Articles  (485)
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  • 11
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    Pollutant Concentrations in Mountain River Waters in the Upper Baksan Area (Prielbrus’e National Park) and Their Seasonal Variations (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Materials of expedition studies in 2013 in the Prielbrus’e National Park were used to analyze the concentrations of a wide range of pollutants (SO 4 2- , Cl ‒ , Na + , K + , F ‒ , Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, NO 3 - , NH 4 + ) in the water of mountain rivers forming the main artery of the region, the Baksan R. The analyzed data characterize seasonal variations in pollutant concentrations at seven sampling sections and their dynamics along the river down to the 35th km from the source in different seasons.
    Print ISSN: 0097-8078
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 12
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    Monitoring Evapotranspiration in an Agricultural Field and Determination of Irrigation Rates and Dates by Automated Mobile Field Agrometeorological Complex (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: An automated mobile field agrometeorological complex was designed and constructed to study the evapotranspiration in agricultural fields and to determine the rates and dates of irrigation. The complex collects, stores, and processes data on meteorological parameters: air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and the temperature and net radiation of land surface. The meteorological characteristics and data on agricultural plants are used to evaluate the evapotranspiration, the rates and dates of irrigation in real-time regime. All measured and calculated parameters are accumulated in an inner database in the complex during the measurement period. The mobility of the complex enables its operation on fields with different crops. Field studies were carried out in 2013–2014 in different climatic zones.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 13
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    Current State of Water Resources of Gusinoe Lake (Western Transbaikalia) (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Seasonal and spatial dynamics of the concentrations of major ions, biogenic elements, organic matter, and microelements in Gusinoe Lake water are studied. The economic activity on lake coast has caused an increase in the concentrations of sulfate, sodium, and biogenic and organic matter in areas subject to direct technogenic impact. Lake areas subject to different technogenic impacts were found to differ in water mineralization and pH and the concentrations of microelements. The concentrations of Mo and Sr in lake water are 12–14 and 2–4 times greater than Russian MACs for water bodies used for fishery, respectively.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 14
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    Regularities in the Space and Time Flow Variations in the Near-Mouth Reach and Delta of the Lena R. (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Lena flow showed considerable, mostly climate-induced, changes in the recent 30–40 years. The character of these changes at the river watershed–sea border somewhat differs from that in the basin outlet station because of flow transformations in the near-mouth reach and, especially, in the delta. The new stationary and occasional expedition observations were used to improve the estimates of the major characteristics of the discharges of water, suspended sediment, and heat in the Lena outlet section and to identify the features and causes of their long-term and seasonal variations. Another important result is the estimation of flow characteristic in the reach downstream of the basin outlet station, at delta head, and on its coastline. New data are given on the present-day distribution of water and suspended sediment discharges between the major delta branches, their long-term variations, and the character of inundation of the near-head delta area during spring floods.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 15
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    Heat and Mass Exchange in the Meromictic Soda Doroninskoe Lake (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The results of hydrophysical studies of the soda Doroninskoe Lake (Uletovskii raion, Zabaikal’skii krai) are presented. Conclusions are presented regarding the character of heat and mass exchange and the causes of formation and stability of the meromictic regime of the water body. The main factors are revealed that affect the character of lake hydrological regime in winter and summer. The seasonal dynamics of the chemocline is shown to be determined by a joint effect of many external and internal factors and to be an integral indicator of physical, chemical, and biochemical processes in the lake.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 16
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    Evaluating Long-Term Evolution of Radionuclide Migration Conditions from a Repository at the Yenisei Site (Krasnoyarsk Krai) (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The article considers the procedure aimed to identify and select the factors, events, and processes that can have an effect on the long-term safety of radioactive waste repository to be constructed at The Yenisei Site (Krasnoyarsk krai). The geological factors to be taken into account in the development of scenarios for safety assessment are determined. Tentative quantitative forecasts of radionuclide migration are made taking into account possible climate evolution and vertical rise of the territory. The sensitivity of radionuclide migration model to variations in these factors is assessed.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-344X
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 17
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    Investigation of Headcut Erosion in Cohesive Soils (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Headcut, known as knickpoint migration too, is developed due to sudden change in channel bed followed by bed scour and erosion which progressing upstream. The results are the downstream morphological change and transporting massive sediment to the downstream reservoir. Most of the past studies focus on non-cohesive soils, although many problems occur because of cohesive soils. In this study, 10 different samples of cohesive soils in long term consolidation with different composition of silt and clay were tested under different circumstances of waterfall height and flow velocity to investigate the neck migration rate and the sediment yield. Tests were continued to reach a constant migration rate. One of the effective phenomena in all tests was tensional cracks on soil surface. The size and number of these cracks have inverse relation with percent of clay. Because of these cracks, massive erosion occurs at the beginning of all tests. By reducing percent of clay, headcut, waterfall height and sediment yield were increased and by reducing waterfall height and flow velocity these parameters were reduced. In lower percent of clay, headcut erosion will occur quickly with more slants. Caving phenomenon was not observed in any tests and massive erosion rate was more quickly.
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    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 18
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    Basic Aspects of a Methodological Approach to Assessing the Seismic Resistance of Soils (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: A method is proposed for assessing the seismic resistance of soils, involving the analysis of seismic data (with soil conditions taken into account), the choice and specification of amplitude–frequency spectrum parameters, experimental studies of soil samples with specified cyclic load parameters, analysis of the dependence of soil behavior on the overload factor, and calculating the ultimate overload factor based on the comparison of accepted and ultimate effect levels. The paper gives the results of practical application of the developed approach to assessing the seismic resistance of a shelf area in the Northern Caspian Sea.
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  • 19
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    Monitoring Systems for Local Historical Natural–Technical Systems (HNTS) as a Basis for Measures for Long-Term Preservation of Cultural Objects (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Examples of the development of monitoring systems are considered for the case of local historical natural–technical systems of various classification levels. The authors’ scheme of classification of local HNTSs is given. The classification is aimed to systematize the diverse data on various HNTSs to form a single interrelated system basing on common principal features. Monitoring systems of local HNTSs of the Borodino Battlefield, Old Ryazan City, and Rostov Kremlin are used as examples to demonstrate their relevancy for solving problems of the complex of protection measures.
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    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 20
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    The Role of Microorganisms in Uranium Behavior in the Water–Rock System (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Geochemical processes involving redox reactions and leading to either formation or transformation of geochemical barriers may be largely induced or enhanced by microbial activity. The microbial reduction of uranium is studied as a strategy for rehabilitation of uranium-containing groundwater. The bioremediation mechanism converts dissolved uranium(VI) into low-solubility U(IV). The processes involving dissimilatory reducing bacteria, which facilitate the reduction and retention of U(VI) in soils and rocks, are considered. The diversity of microorganisms involved in anaerobic reduction of uranium is shown. The geochemical conditions that may affect the rate of microbial reduction of U(VI) are specified, i.e., the presence of nitrate ions, phosphate ions, calcium ions, and iron oxides. The mechanisms of their action are examined. Geochemical barriers with the participation of microorganisms are proposed for the rehabilitation of groundwater with uranium removed from groundwater and deposited locally as a result of microbial reduction of U(VI).
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    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
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