Description: Al revisar viejos papeles familiares de nuestro padre, el Dr. Emiliano Mac Donagh (1896 – 1961) hemos descubierto, como escondidos, unos cuentos breves publicados entre 1929 y 1934. Ficcionales, pintorescos, no han figurado en la nómina de sus escritos, con excepción de El Naturalista, publicado en 1929 en el diario La Nación, y recientemente reproducido en la serie ProBiota (http://ictiologíaargentina.blogspot.com/16)Ofrecemos a la curiosidad de los ictiólogos los tres relatos publicados en 1930 en la revista Número, editada en Buenos Aires. Tanto Un cuento de viejas, como El sabio ebrio, y La quimera, el gallo y el elefante tienen a los peces como centro de interés. En los escritos de Emiliano Mac Donagh, que abarcan desde 1922 hasta 1960 con más de ciento setenta títulos, predominan los trabajos científicos alternando con estudios sobre historia de la biología y de los biólogos, o la preocupación por el cuidado del ambiente y temas relacionados. Sin excepción, aparece la zoología como tema vertebral, ya sea analizando una espina de bagre en la calma del laboratorio, ya sea relatando expediciones zoológicas al interior de nuestro país. Coexisten el detalle mínimo que entrega el microscopio con la aventura a campo abierto, pero el estilo es siempre descriptivo, pegado a la realidad, y despojado de cualquier intento de fantasía que traicionaría el rigor requerido por la ciencia.En los breves relatos aquí presentados, en cambio, el autor escapa de la formalidad, incursiona en un género más liberal en sus normas y deja volar su imaginación y su fino sentido de la ironía. Lo hace sin abandonar el asunto que más le atrae: la naturaleza, y en ella, la vida animal. Si bien los cuentos comparten temas centrales del resto de la producción, aquí no encontramos la exactitud fotográfica ni el análisis desapasionado, sino que la anécdota es imaginada y los escenarios reales se ven transformados por enfoques oníricos. Algunos personajes parecen el fiel retrato de alguien conocido mientras que otros suenan esquemáticos, vacíos. La mirada es humorística y a la vez crítica, gozosa sin dejar de ser analítica. Este período de “autor literario” en vez de “relator científico” dura poco: sólo cinco cuentos en cinco años. En la vasta producción no hay otros intentos de recurrir a la ficción para atraer el interés del público general hacia los admirables y admirados habitantes de las aguas. Quizás podríamos encontrar ecos del monólogo final de El sabio ebrio en el ensayo La belleza de los peces (Revista de Educación, La Plata, 1957) pero en este último el estilo es académico.El cambio de género literario podría sugerir un deseo de cambio vocacional, el cansancio frente a la aparente monotonía y estrictez de los registros científicos. Al plantear el dilema entre observar seres vivos en su medio natural o conservar sus cuerpos para los estudios científicos se insinuaría una encrucijada profesional. En 1930 habrá sido una disyuntiva, aludida en el recurrente contraste entre ambientes cerrados, poblados de frascos, vitrinas y mesas de taxidermia en contraposición con la abierta amplitud de ríos y playas, bosques y cielos. Aludida, también, al atribuir a personajes que las encarnan, dos tipos de sabiduría: una erudita, nacida del estudio, y otra pragmática, forjada en la experiencia. Sin embargo, el tema medular sigue siendo la ictiología: los peces, sus vidas y ámbitos, los nombres que les damos. El nuevo estilo revelaría más bien la intención de jerarquizar los asuntos dilectos envolviéndolos en una forma literaria más libre – y supuestamente más elevada. Creemos captar un latido de euforia, el impulso de compartir la emoción de un descubrimiento, el deseo de conservar la mirada ingenua y la capacidad de asombro ante el maravilloso mundo natural que nos rodea. Que esto se logre más acabadamente por medio de un cuento que a través de un informe, y que la ficción alcance mayor audiencia con la cual compartir la gozosa experiencia del conocimiento, son las cuestiones que nos deja pendientes este naturalista que – por breve tiempo – se volvió cuentista.Mary Mac Donagh de von Reichenbach

Description: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP

Description: ProBiota: Programa para el estudio y uso sustentable de la biota austral

Description: Debe citarse: MAC DONAGH, M.; H. MAC DONAGH & A. MAC DONAGH (Compiladores). 2014. Emiliano Mac Donagh - Un “Cuento de viejas” y otros cuentos viejos. ProBiota, FCNyM, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina, Serie Documentos 38: 1 18. ISSN 1666 731X.

Description: Two new species of the genus Lessingianthus (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) from Brazil and Paraguay are described and illustrated. Lessingianthus cipoensis is characterized by the presence of solitary heads disposed in short branches and ovate to elliptical leaves. It has a certain resemblance to L. vestitus, which has more branched inflorescences, with long branches, and lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate leaves. Lessingianthus paraguariensis is closely related to L. asteriflorus and L. mollissimus, but it can be distinguished by the broadly elliptical leaves and the large size of the outer phyllaries.

Description: Geology and soils in general Surinam is situated at the northern edge of the very old and stable Guiana shield. Six-sevenths of the country\xe2\x80\x99s surface are occupied by formations belonging to the shield and designated together as the basal complex. However, the Roraima formation does not belong to the complex. It was deposited during the Mesozoic (probably the Cretaceous) as a thick layer mainly consisting of sandstone that covered the greater part of the shield. Later on the original sandstone plateau was dissected, a process accelerated by the uplifting of the shield, and finally it disappeared almost completely by erosion. The former surface is now only represented by the flat tops of some table-mountains one of which is found in the interior of Surinam: Tafelberg. See Schols & Cohen (1953). The surface of the northern seventh part of the country is occupied by deposits of Quaternary age. In general may be distinguished (from the south to the north): 1) The Zanderij formation, consisting mainly of sands of continental origin; 2) the Coropina formation, comprising the \xe2\x80\x9cold coastal plain\xe2\x80\x9d; the main parts are (a) the so-called \xe2\x80\x9cschols\xe2\x80\x9d, i.e. the remnants of an old sea-clay plain, separated by filled-up tidal gullies, and (b) the remnants of the offshore bars that formerly separated the plain from the sea; 3) the Demerara formation, comprising the \xe2\x80\x9cyoung coastal plain\xe2\x80\x9d. See Van der Eyk (1954, 1957).\nGeological-pedological classification of the savannas Savannas are found on the basal complex, the Roraima, the Zanderij and the Coropina formation. Cohen & Van der Eyk (1953) classify them as follows: I Savannas of the Coropina formation 1. Watamalejo-type \xe2\x80\x93 on the offshore bars 2. Welgelegen-type \xe2\x80\x93 on the \xe2\x80\x9cschols\xe2\x80\x9d II Savannas of the Zanderij formation a. Kasipora-type \xe2\x80\x93 on dry bleached sand soils b. Zanderij-type \xe2\x80\x93 on wet bleached sand soils c. Coesewijne-type \xe2\x80\x93 on non-bleached soils III Savannas of the Roraima formation: Tafelberg-type IV Savannas of the basal complex 1. Paroe-type \xe2\x80\x93 on granitic soils 2. Bosland-type \xe2\x80\x93 on schist hills 3. Saban-pasi-type \xe2\x80\x93 on subgraywacke hills Savanna soils The climate is characterized by the sequence of a long rainy season (April-July), a long dry season (August-November), a short rainy season (December-January) and a short dry season (February-March). In connection with this periodicity the water-table in many places fluctuates strongly in the course of the year. During the dry seasons the upper layers of the savanna soils are always completely dry, except just after a shower. A soil is called very dry if even during the rainy seasons the upper layers are not influenced by the ground water. A very wet soil, however, at this period is covered by some cm of water; in addition it is characterized by many small hummocks, in Surinam called \xe2\x80\x9ckawfoetoes\xe2\x80\x9d, which are built up by worms and in which these animals are able to keep their heads above the water. Certain soils occur that in spite of deep watertables are wet, because an impermeable layer in the subsoil impedes drainage of the topsoil. Of course there is a scala between the extremes \xe2\x80\x9cvery dry\xe2\x80\x9d and \xe2\x80\x9cvery wet\xe2\x80\x9d. The texture of the upper layers ranges from bleached and slightly red sand to sandy and silty clay.\nObject of the investigation The flora and the vegetation of the northern Surinam savannas are the object of this investigation. These savannas do not only represent the types of the Zanderijand the Coropina-formation, but also the Bosland- and the Saban-pasi-type, for these two types are present on the basal complex only near its northern border.\nThe following savannas have been studied. Welgelegen-type: the savannas of Bersaba and Vierkinderen, the Bigi-olo savanna near Hanover and the Fransina savanna near Welgelegen; Kasipora- and Zanderij-type: the white-sandy part of the Lobin savanna near Zanderij; Coesewijne-type: the loamy part of the Lobin savanna, the savanna Mimili Okili near Powaka, the Doti savanna near Wisawini and the Coesewijne savanna near Bigipoika; Saban-pasi-type: the Gros savanna and the De Jong Noord savanna. Data of some other authors pertaining to these and the other types have also been taken into account, some published (Lanjouw, 1936; Maguire c.s., 1948; Heyligers, 1963), some unpublished. The savannas present a marked diversity, among other things with regard to the structure of their vegetation. However, nearly all satisfy this definition: \xe2\x80\x9cA savanna (or a campo) is an area with a xeromorphic vegetation comprising an ecologically dominant ground layer consisting mainly of grasses, sometimes together with sedges, and with or without trees and/or shrubs either forming a more or less continuous layer, or in groups, or isolated.\xe2\x80\x9d The species have been studied with respect to the relation with the habitat, the means of dispersal and the area of distribution, all in mutual correlation. Vegetationunits have been distinguished and classified; ecological and chorologic aspects have been taken into account.\nA combination of all data, obtained during this as well as former investigations by others, permits the drawing of a provisional and general picture of the flora and the vegetation of the northern Surinam savannas as far as the present aspects are concerned.\nThe following statements all apply to N. Surinam only, unless mentioned otherwise.\nFlora Habitat in general. Nearly all plants occurring on the savannas are heliophilous and are able to survive repeated burning. The flora of the open vegetation types consists of about 270 species the majority of which (72 %) is restricted to the open savannas. However, there are species occurring either in other open situations too, partly as weeds (8 %), or on wet savannas and other wet places (3 %), or in savanna rivulets and in swamps (7 %), or in savanna bushes (8 %). Out of ca. 100 species of the savanna bushes only 15 % are restricted to this vegetation type. The other species occur either also in the open savanna (20 %), or along forest borders (8 %), or in savanna wood and forest (23 %) and/or even in rain forest (31 %). A group of 12 % belonging to the last category does not flower or even not grow high in the bushes. Quite apart from this division other groups may be distinguished among the species of the bushes in the following way: occurring also in secondary forest (31 %) in marsh forest (9 %), in swamps (3 %). The trees and shrubs of the savannas support only few epiphytes and (half-) parasites; these belong to 19 different species. In the field nearly all species show some (factual) range with regard to the degree of moistness and the texture of the soil. The texture itself is not necessarily the decisive factor as there is a relation between the texture and some other properties of the soil, e.g. the consistency and the mineral content. This has not been further investigated. The same holds for the species preferring slightly shaded localities. These spots have a microclimate that differs more from that of its surroundings than in light intensity only. The majority of the open-savanna species have diaspores that are not obviously adapted to any agent of dispersal (71 %). The remaining 29 % are distributed over 6 different categories. The diaspores of the species of the bushes belong partly to the non-adapted forms too (35 %), but 50 % of them are fleshy. Generally speaking, the savanna species have a wider geographic distribution than the spieces of the flora of Surinam as a whole. This is particularly true for the opensavanna species.\nOn the basis of similar areas of distribution the species are classed under 6 geographic elements, viz. the Guianan (G), the northern South-American (N), the northern + eastern South-American (NE), the Middle- and northern + eastern South-American (MNE), the South-American (S) and the American element (A). The distribution of the species of the open-savanna vegetations and of the bushes, respectively, among the geographic elements is as follows (percentages): G 12 : 26; N 11: 18; NE 16 : 13; MNE 10 ; 3; S 9 : 18; A 42 : 22. It appears from a comparison of these figures too, that the species of the first group in general have a wider distribution.\nApart from the geographic elements the Roraima element has been distinguished. It comprises all species collected on one or several of the table-mountains in the Guianan interior. The distribution of these species among the geographic elements does not differ considerably from the one of the savanna flora as a whole. It may have appeared already from the foregoing that the species of the bushes, though presenting a higher percentage of adapted diaspores, nevertheless do not have areas of distribution wider than those of the open-savanna species. The expected correlation is, however, apparent if the two groups are considered separately: the mean area of distribution of the species with adapted diaspores is wider than the one of those with non-adapted diaspores. A comparison of the ecological and the chorologic aspects brings to the fore two focal points within the savanna flora: The elements with a small distribution (G and N) are most numerously represented on wet to very wet sandy (in particular white-sandy) soils, whereas the elements with a wide distribution (MNE, S and A) are concentrated on dry and moist non-bleached sands and loams and on very wet soils and present a preference-top on dry and moist loamy sand. The Roraima species are by far the most numerous on the wet white sand, in general they are more numerous on wet than on dry soils.\nVegetation Vegetation-units have been distinguished and classified according to the BraunBlanquel school. It has been attempted to make the groups of so-called characteristic and differential species correspond with ecological groups in the sense of Duvigneaud (1946, 1949). The latter consist of species with clear, sociological affinities between them because of similar habitat requirements.\nThe open-savanna (and orchard-savanna) vegetation-types have been united into a single class which is defined and divided as follows: Class Leptocoryphio-Trachypogonetea. Principal species; Trachypogon plumosus, Leptocoryphium lanatum, Axonopus pulcher and Rhynchospora barbata. It seems likely that this class and its subdivision up to and including the alliances may be applied to the whole of Guiana. 1. Order Trachypogonetalia plumosi. Principal species: Trachypogon plumosus, Axonopus pulcher and Bulbostylis junciformis. On very dry to moist soils. 1.1. Alliance Cassio (ramosae)-Trachypogonion. Principal species: Axonopus pulcher Trachypogon plumosus, and Bulbostylis conifera. On white sands. There are 3 or 4 associations two of which occur on open patches between so-called muri-bushes (see B1). Distribution: Kasipora-type; Guiana and adjoining parts of Brazil. 1.2. Alliance Curatello-Trachypogonion. Among the many tens of species the most common ones are Trachypogon plumosus, Axonopus pulcher, Schizachyrium riedelii and Heliconia psitlacorum. Usually there is a thin layer of trees mainly consisting of Curalella americana, giving the vegetation the aspect of a type of so-called orchard savanna. A rather large part of the species occurs outside the savannas on other open spots too. The alliance occurs on pure reddish and on loamy sands. On the savannas of the Coesewijne- and the Welgelegen-type 5 associations are present. Similar vegetation types are found throughout Guiana, on the central Venezuelan llanos and far into E. Brazil. 1.3. Alliance Rhynchosporo (barbatae) \xe2\x80\x93 Trachvpogonion. Principal species: Axonopus pulcher, Leptocoryphium lanatum, Mesosetum cayennense, Bulbostylis conifera and Rhynchospora barbata var. barbata. On sandy (clay) loam. Two associations on savannas of the Coesewijne-type; they are related to vegetation types in French Guiana and in regions farther to the west, up to the Venezuelan llanos and some of the West Indian Islands. 2. Order Paspaletalia pulchelli. Leptocoryphium lanatum is the only species which is common in all communities of this order. In general the vegetations are not closed. On wet (or even very wet) soils. 2.1. Alliance Syngonantho-Xyridion. Principal species: Paspalum pulchellum, Panicum micranthum, Rhynchospora barbata var. glabra, R. graminea, Xyris guianensis and Abolboda americana. On white sands, wet and very wet. Three associations are found on the savannas of the Zanderij- and the Watamalejo-type. Distribution: Guiana and adjoining parts of Brazil, also on the table-mountains of the Guianan highlands. 2.2. Alliance Bulbostylidion lanatae. Principal species: Trachvpogon plumosus, Paspalum pulchellum, Panicum micranthum, Mesosetum tenuifolium, Rhynchospora barbata var. barbata and R. rhizomatosa. On loamy sand and sandy loam; wet. In northern Surinam 5 associations occur on savannas of the Saban-pasi- and the Watamalejo-type. Distribution: Guiana, probably also on the table-mountains. 2.3. Alliance Imperato (brasiliensis)-Mesosetion (cayennensis). Principal species: Leptocoryphium lanatum, Mesosetum cayennense, Imperata brasiliensis, Rhynchospora barbata var. barbata and R. globosa. On wet sandy loam and heavier soil types. Four associations on savannas of the Coesewijne-, Welgelegen- and Saban-pasi-type. Related vegetation types occur, as far as known, only in regions more to the west, up to the llanos and Guatemala. 3. Order Panicelalia stenodis. Principal species: Leptocoryphium lanatum, Panicum nervosum, Hvpogynium virgatum, Heliconia psittacorum and Tibouchina aspera. On very wet soils, in savanna rivulets and small depressions. There are 2 alliances, both showing relationship with vegetation types occurring in regions more to the west, up to the llanos and some West Indian Islands. 3.1. Alliance Axonopodion chrysitis. Principal species: Leptocorvphium lanatum, Panicum nervosum, Rhynchospora globosa and Tibouchina aspera. On very wet soils of sandy loam and heavier. In N. Surinam 3 associations are found on savannas of the same types as alliance 2.3. 3.2. Alliance Mauritio-Hypogynion (virgati). Principal species: Hypogynium virgatum, Leptocoryphium lanatum, Panicum nervosum, Rhynchospora glauca, Heliconia psittacorum and Tibouchina aspera. Typical are the tall palms of Mauritia flexuosa. The alliance has rather many species in common with the communities of swamps, e.g. Blechnum indicum and Rhynchospora cyperoides. There are 3 associations, found in rivulets and depressions on savannas of all types.\nThe different types of savanna-bushes are merely described. A classification on floristic grounds would be justified only if the savanna woods and forests were included in it too. B1. Ternstroemia-Matayba bushes. See Heyligers (1963). Principal species: Ternstroemia punctata, Clusia fockeana, Licania incana, Humiria balsamifera var. guianensis (\xe2\x80\x9cmuri\xe2\x80\x9d), Pagamea capitata, Matayba opaca and Conomorpha magnoliifolia. On dry white sand. B2. Rapanea bushes. Principal species: Rapanea guianensis, Davilla aspera, Tapirira guianensis, Symplocos guianensis, Miconia rubiginosa, Byrsonima crassifolia, B. coccolobifolia and Curatella americana. On dry loamy sand and dry sandy loam. B3. Cupania bushes. Principal species: Cupania scrobiculata var. frondosa. Byrsonima crassifolia, Davilla aspera, Miconia ciliata, Maprounea guianensis, Symplocos guianensis Protium heptaphyllum, and Curatella americana. On moist loamy sand and moist sandy loam. B4. Clusia-Scleria bushes. See Heyligers (1963). Principal species: Licania incana, Clusia fockeana, Bactris campestris and Scleria pyramidalis. On wet white sand. B5. Marlierea bushes. Principal species: Marlierea montana, Bactris campestris and Licania incana. On wet loamy sand. B6. Roupala-Antonia bushes. Principal species: Roupala montana, Antonia ovata, Davilla aspera, Miconia ciliata, Bactris campestris, Licania incana, Humiria balsamifera div. var., Pagamea guianensis and Marlierea montana. On knolls of pebbles embedded in sandy loam; wet.\nExistence, origin and maintenance of the savannas There is no type of climate that accounts for a savanna vegetation irrespective of other conditions. However, a climate that permits the existence of savanna vegetations may be called a \xe2\x80\x9csavanna climate\xe2\x80\x9d. The latter is characterized by a certain difference between the precipitation in dry and wet seasons, independent of absolute values. The climate of northern Surinam is a savanna climate in this sense. A savanna vegetation is natural, i.e. determined edaphically, if the upper layer of the soil is alternately desiccated and saturated with water, thus in general in wet and very wet localities and in rivulets. As far as known the following savanna types and vegetation types are involved in this situation (the rivulets left out of consideration): Watamalejo (2.1) Welgelegen, partly (2.2), Zanderij (2.1 and B4), Saban-pasi (2.1 and B5, 2.2. and B6) and Bosland (?). A savanna vegetation occurs in dry localities only if fires prevent the formation of a closed layer of trees or shrubs. This is found among the following types: Welgelegen, partly (1.2 and 1.3), Coesewijne (1.2 and B2, 1.3 and B3) and Kasipora (1.1 and B1). Parts of the savannas of the Welgelegen-, Coesewijne- and Saban-pasi-type occupied now by vegetations of the Imperato-Mesosetion (2.3) and the Axonopodion chrysitis (3.1) would probably be overgrown very slowly by the surrounding forest and only starting from its edges if the fires were stopped. It might be easily assumed that savannas owing their maintenance at present only to deliberate burning, originated from forests as a result of human interference as well. However, the possibility may not be excluded that they came into existence very long ago, either caused by natural fires or in consequence of a water economy of the soil differing from the present one.\nFinal conclusions All available data concerning the flora and the vegetation of the northern Surinam savannas justify the following theories: The wet white-sand savannas of the Zanderij-type have vegetation types (2.1) consisting of species that mainly stem from formerly or still existing savannas on the basal complex and on the Roraima formation, probably chiefly on the latter. These species may have reached the Zanderij formation either directly by means of series of savannas in the interior that still may have been present during the break-down of the Roraima plateau, or indirectly by the way of other sandy regions bordering the edges of the Guiana shield. The vegetations of the savannas belonging to the Saban-pasi-type on wet loamy sand and sandy loam (2.2) consist of species which already for a long time were common to the basal complex and the Roraima plateau or/and which originated from the plateau, and besides of species that developed on the basal complex or migrated from elsewhere to the subgraywacke-area. The savannas of the Watamalejo-type and of the Welgelegen-type N. of the Wane-creek have a flora that may be regarded as a selection from that of the two preceding types. The vegetation types on dry and moist, red, pure and loamy sands belonging to the Coesewijne- and the Welgelegen-type (1.2) have a high percentage of their species in common with the campos of central and eastern Brazil. It seems possible that these species came to N. Surinam from the campos. The species combination of the savanna vegetations from other habitats does not permit a conclusion with regard to their possible origin.

Description: The Cerro de los Batallones (Los Batallones Butte) is located in the central-northern area of the Madrid Basin, central Spain. Nine vertebrates localities containing a large variety of mammals of Upper Vallesian Age (Late Miocene) have been found associated with the sediments forming the butte. From bottom to top, these sediments consist of magnesian lutite beds (Unit I), paleosols formed of sepiolite and opal (Unit II), and siliclastic, marlstone and carbonate beds (Unit III). The set of ERT profiles developed in Los Batallones Butte have demonstrate that electrical imaging techniques are an estimable tool for the characterization and prospecting of fossil sites developed in fine-grained siliciclastic sequences. These localities contain an exceptionally rich, varied and well-preserved vertebrate fauna together with invertebrate and plant fossils. Carnivore species are strikingly well represented at Batallones 1 and 3, and large herbivore species, such as mastodons, rhinoceros and giraffes, at Batallones 2, 4, 5 and 10. The taphonomical studies, together with the morphological features shown by the sedimentary fills of the mammal localities, permit an overall interpretation of these deposits as vertebrate traps. The study of these localities should offer a significant contribution to our understanding of the formation pattern of trap-like paleontological sites - which so far have been typically reported in karstic-type systems -, as well as an important source of paleobiological information about numerous vertebrate groups.

Description: A bibliography of the family Braconidae/Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae is given for the period 1964-2003. It is an addition to Shenefelt\'s bibliography (1965), which covers the period 1785-1963. In total 10,436 references are listed.

Description: The seismicity of Villarrica volcano is compared before and after the Maule earthquake (Mw 8.8, 2010), and the inner seismic structure is obtained through tomography.

Description: La República de Panamá posee un territorio marítimo con una superficie de 319.823.9 km2 versus una superficie total emergida de 75.517 km2. El país posee una importante longitud de sus costas, que comprenden un total de 2.988,3 kilómetros. De éstos, 1.700,6 km corresponden al litoral Pacífico y 1.287,7 km al litoral Caribe. La superficie continental del Istmo de Panamá se caracteriza por tierras bajas y colinas menores de 700 msnm, las cuales comprenden un 70 % del total. El Istmo con su forma característica de una “S” acostada se encuentra separado en dos Vertientes, Pacífico y Caribe, por la formación longitudinal de la denominada Cordillera Central, ubicada casi a todo lo largo del istmo y ella constituye el parte aguas y determina el clima en ambas vertientes. La Cordillera Central forma la región denominada las tierras altas, que comprenden la Cordillera Central, la Cadena Occidental, el Macizo del Canajagua y las Serranías de San Blas y Darién. Siendo el Volcán Barú con 3.475 msnm el punto más alto del país (Contraloría General de la República, 2005 y 2006).

Description: Published

Description: Refereed